Chapter MGMT
____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals w/in its mission
tactical
____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.
tactical
____ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team
Team Level
Team rewards that depend on ____ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts.
Team performance rather than individual performance
self managing teams
a team that manages and controls all of the major tasks or producing a product or service
Which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment?
encouraging worker participation in goal setting
which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment
encouraging worker participation in goal setting
Kodak is a company associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company's film business. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. As Kodak tried to compete in this new innovation stream, it entered ____.
...
Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. During the organizational change, having this vision was especially important during the ____ stage.
...
Competitive inertia
A reluctance to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past
A(n) ____ lists the specific steps, people, resources, and time period for accomplishing a goal
Action plan
Stories and Heros
After an organization's founders are gone, the organization can use ____ to sustain its organizational culture.
Which of the following is a characteristic of successful organizational culture
All of these (chapter 3 quiz)
A reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?
All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work
Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the systems approach to management?
All of these describe advantages of the systems approach to management.
The achievement of stretch goals is made easier when the team members have ____.
Bureaucratic Immunity
With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes
Bureaucratic immunity
will eventually affect most organizations.
Changes in any sector of the general environment ____.
Which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance?
Cognitive conflict
When Coca-Cola discovered it had an unauthorized bottler selling Coke in the Colombian jungle, it used the rational decision making process to find a solution. What do you know about the stage in which Coke evaluated its possible courses of action?
Coke found this stage to be the most time-consuming of all the stages.
NOT necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?
Conflict management training
____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas.
Creativity
Purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization
Cross Functional Team
Which of the following statements about team training is true?
Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.
Neither Chile nor Peru have a mass-market café culture, but that fact has not stopped Starbucks from engaging in ____ to determine how best to expand into those markets
Decision Making
____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.
Decision making
the _____ is a decision making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled
Delphi technique
The ____ approach to decision-making is a method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of a critic
Devil's advocacy
____ are the expectations that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities
Discretionary responsibilities
is best know for developing the 5 functions of managers & the 14 principles of management
Henri Fayol
simple; complex
In terms of environmental complexity, ____ environments have few environmental factors, whereas ____ environments have many environmental factors.
is the number of times per year that a company sells or replaces its average inventory.
Inventory Turnover
is a ticket-based system that indicates when to reorder inventory.
Kanban
A useful guideline for successful management of virtual teams?
Keep team interaction upbeat and action-oriented
Which of the following statements about the beginnings of management is true?
Management as a field of study is only about 125 years old.
According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____
Measurable
Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ____ stage of team development.
Norming
____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services.
Operations management
____ planning keeps options open by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.
Options-based
Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline?
Performing
In an attempt to stop declining profitability, ICI, a British chemical company, deleted petrochemical products from its production and concentrated on specialty chemicals, a less capital-intensive, less cyclical business. If ICI is successful in making the needed changes, it will more than likely implement a ____ strategy.
Recovery
Which of the following statements is true about how the portfolio strategy can be used to help managers acquire companies that fit well with the rest of their corporate portfolio?
Risk can be reduced through related diversification (creating or acquiring companies in related businesses).
The highest level of team autonomy is found in ____
Self designing teams
An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is
Sharing the financial value of performance gains
____ are the targets that managers use to measure whether their firm has developed the core competencies that it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
Strategic reference points
A competitive advantage that other companies have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate an shave, for the moment, stopped trying to duplicate
Sustainable competitive advantage
Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of S.M.A.R.T. goals?
Synergistic
An Australian manufacturer of surfboards wants to increase awareness of its brand in the U.S. market. A ____ plan to accomplish this objective might be to host a series of surfboard competitions in California
Tactical
____ is responsible for developing strategic plans that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.
Top management
The least amount of team autonomy is found in
Traditional Work Teams
proactive customer monitoring
Two homebuilders are building homes in nearby subdivisions. One is offering 2,500-square-foot homes with two-acre yards. The other is offering a similar size of house with quarter-acre yards. The builder offering the smaller lots cannot keep up with demand. The builder offering the larger lots has several unsold houses. The builder with the smaller lots most likely used ____ to determine what homebuyers desired.
none of these
Which of the following approaches will guarantee the successful change of an organizational culture?
grand strategy
a broad corporate level strategic plan used to achieve strategic goals and guide the strategic alternatives that mangers of individual businesses or subunits may use
what is social responsibility
a business' obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society
Shadow strategy task force
a committee within a company that analyzes the company's own weaknesses to determine how competitors could exploit them for competitive advantage
firm level strategy
a corporate strategy that addresses the question, "how should we compete against a particular firm?"
industry level strategy
a corporate strategy that addresses the question, "how should we compete in this industry?"
design iteration
a cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype
organizational change
a difference in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time
Strategic dissonance
a discrepancy between a company's intended strategy and the strategic actions managers take when implementing that strategy
According to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning?
a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions
according to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning
a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions
product prototype
a full scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability
traditional work group
a group composed of two or more people who work together to achieve a shared goal
Strategic group
a group of companies within an industry against which top managers compare, evaluate, and benchmark strategic threats and opportunities
semi-autonomous work group
a group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service
organizational decline
a large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival
threat of new entrants
a measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry
threat of substitute products or services
a measure of the ease with which customers can find substitutes for an industry's products or services
bargaining power of buyers
a measure of the influence that customers have on a firm's prices
character of the rivalry
a measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry
s curve innovation
a pattern of technological innovation characterized by slow initial progress, then rapid progress, and then slow progress
organizational development
a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organizations long term health and performance
flow
a psychological state of effortlessness in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to pass quickly
Imperfectly imitable resource
a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate
Rare resource
a resource that is not controlled or possessed by many competing firms
Nonsubstitutable resource
a resource that produces value or competitive advantage and has no equivalent substitutes or replacements
technological discontinuity
a scientific advance or breakthrough
which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward
a sense of achievement
A company decided to reduce its inventory by lowering their prices. The plan to get rid of excessive inventory was so successful that the company found itself completely sold out in just a couple of days. In other words, the company experienced ____
a stockout
Diversification
a strategy for reducing risk by buying a variety of items so that the failure of one stock or one business does not doom the entire portfolio
stability strategy
a strategy that focuses on improving the way in which the company sells the same products or services to the same costumer
growth strategy
a strategy that focuses on increasing profits, revenues, market share, or the number of places in which the company does business
retrenchment strategy
a strategy that focuses on turning around very poor company performance by shrinking the size or scope of the business
cross functional team
a team composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization
virtual team
a team composed of geographically and or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunication and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task
project team
a team created to complete a specific, one time projects or tasks within a limited time
self designing team
a team that has the characteristics of self managing teams, but also controls team design, work tasks, and team membership
Which of the following is a component of a book publisher's general environment & will indirectly influence how it does business
a trend toward less leisure time
which of the following companies is most likely operating in a dynamic environment
a video game manufacturer
____ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.
a. A strategic alliance b. A global new venture c. Direct foreign investment CORRECT d. A joint venture e. Direct exporting
Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?
a. Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive.- CORRECT b. On average, people with disabilities earn the same amount as those without disabilities. c. A disability must be visible to the average person to be considered a true disability. d. None of these statements about disabilities is true. e. A disability is only covered by discrimination laws when it is physical.
____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.
a. Acculturation b. Cultural proaction c. Cultural advantage d. Diversity- CORRECT e. Affirmative differentiation
____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible
a. Delegation of authority CORRECT b. Staff functionality c. A job description d. Decentralization e. An organization chart
____ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks.
a. Departmentalization CORRECT b. Organizational process c. Organizational layout d. Job formatting e. Functionalization
Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?
a. Diversity makes individuals whole by returning them to the condition or place they would have been had it not been for discrimination. b. Diversity allows a company to act with economic responsibility. c. Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.- CORRECT d. Diversity eliminates glass ceilings. e. Diversity increases an organization's retained earnings.
____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.
a. Diversity- CORRECT b. Acculturation c. A discrimination management department d. Cultural satisfaction e. Reaffirmation
Which of the following might account for the disparities between the percentages of African, Hispanic, and Asian Americans among the general population and their smaller representation in management positions?
a. Federal Trade Commission regulations b. affirmative action programs c. congressional lobbying d. watchdog advocacy groups e. racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace- CORRECT
Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?
a. Functional departmentalization requires the same kinds of functional departments in any company. b. Functional departmentalization is also called free-form specialization. c. Functional departmentalization increases costs by reducing duplication. d. Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists. CORRECT e. Functional departmentalization complicates communication and coordination for departmental managers.
_________ means increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the power to make decisions about their own work
a. Job specialization b. Job enlargement c. Job design d. Job rotation e. Job enrichment CORRECT
____ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries.
a. Licensing b. A joint venture c. Franchising d. Direct foreign investment e. Exporting CORRECT
The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the:
a. Maastricht Treaty of Europe b. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade CORRECT c. North American Free Trade Agreement d. Asian Free Trade Arrangement e. Mercosur
____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.
a. Matrix b. Customer c. Hierarchical d. Functional CORRECT e. Product
____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of people from a particular country.
a. National culture CORRECT b. National mindset c. Cultural diversity d. National diversity e. Cultural nationalization
____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.
a. Organizational autonomy b. Procedural planning c. Consistency planning d. Standardization CORRECT e. Problem empowerment
____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.
a. Social attraction b. Social cohesiveness c. Integrative focus d. Social integration- CORRECT e. Norm cohesiveness
____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs
a. Task identity b. Autonomy CORRECT c. Skill variety d. Task significance e. Skill feedback
____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.
a. Task mapping b. Job specialization c. Job design CORRECT d. An organizational chart e. Standardization
____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization.
a. Task significance CORRECT b. Skill variety c. Skill feedback d. Task identity e. Autonomy
____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.
a. Technological adaptation b. Change substitution c. The technological growth stage d. The era of dominant design e. Discontinuous change- CORRECT
One of the major questions that a company must typically answer about its future, once it has decided to go global is ____.
a. To what extent should a company abide by global or regional trade agreements? b. How many additional employees will the company need? c. To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures? CORRECT d. How many new shareholders will be influenced by global activities? e. Will the organization's mission statement need to be changed?
Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.
a. V-shaped b. bell-shaped c. W-curve d. U-curve e. S-curve- CORRECT
The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____.
a. acculturation b. organizational plurality c. cultural proaction d. affirmative action- CORRECT e. discretionary diversity
___ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community."
a. affirmative action b. diversity- CORRECT c. organizational plurality d. acculturation e. cultural organization
Diversity helps companies grow by ____.
a. avoiding conflict between employee groups b. preventing discrimination c. complying with federal law d. creating a homogeneous workplace e. improving marketplace understanding- CORRECT
Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?
a. change definition b. change mentoring c. organizational dialogue d. unfreezing- CORRECT e. incremental change
A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.
a. change mentor b. change agent- CORRECT c. intrapreneur d. staff moderator e. change ombudsman
The ____ strategy of minimizing or adapting to the political risk inherent to global business makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts
a. control b. offensive c. defensive d. avoidance e. cooperation CORRECT
The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.
a. creativity reengineering b. technological replacement c. planned shrinkage d. technological discontinuity- CORRECT e. a sustainable competitive advantage
With ____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses.
a. customer b. product c. geographic d. functional e. matrix CORRECT
A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.
a. departmentalized b. standardized c. mechanistic CORRECT d. organic e. modular
The first stage of organizational decline is:
a. dissolution b. crisis c. blinded- CORRECT d. inaction e. faulty action
A(n) ____ is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures.
a. diversity audit- CORRECT b. diversity comparison c. individual SWOT analysis d. stereotypical audit e. employee-oriented attitudinal review
Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring?
a. diversity audits b. diversity pairing- CORRECT c. role-playing d. awareness training e. the Delphi technique
A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.
a. diversity requires a wider span of management b. affirmative action does not alter organizational structures, and diversity does c. affirmative action is legally mandated in all private companies d. diversity has a broader focus- CORRECT e. diversity is legally mandated in all private companies
Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.
a. diversity; self-monitoring b. affirmative action; self-monitoring c. diversity; affirmative action d. affirmative action; diversity- CORRECT e. federal agency monitoring; self-monitoring
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?
a. emotional stability b. conscientiousness c. agreeableness d. extraversion e. empathy- CORRECT
Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?
a. emotional stability b. openness to experience c. agreeableness d. extraversion e. conscientiousness- CORRECT
Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.
a. empathetic design b. incremental change c. technological substitution- CORRECT d. synergy e. innovative reciprocity
Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by:
a. empowerment b. reengineering c. all of these d. chain of command CORRECT e. behavioral informality
A(n) ____ is an agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country.
a. exporting agreement b. joint venture c. strategic alliance d. direct investment e. cooperative contract CORRECT
According to Hofstede, when people in a culture are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification, that culture is described as ____.
a. feminine b. having a short-term orientation CORRECT c. masculine d. individualistic e. having a long-term orientation
Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.
a. functional b. product CORRECT c. geographic d. matrix e. customer
In terms of the chain of command, ____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates.
a. functional; expert b. departmental; functional c. centralized; decentralized d. internal; external e. line; staff CORRECT
Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization.
a. geographic b. strategic business unit (SBU) c. customer d. product CORRECT e. functional
Job specialization can result in ____.
a. high job satisfaction b. low absenteeism c. complicated job designs d. employee boredom CORRECT e. low employee turnover
In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) ____.
a. import duty b. tariff CORRECT c. voluntary import restraint d. financial boycott e. subsidy
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:
a. innovation maps b. innovation streams- CORRECT c. results-driven change d. cyclical inventions e. organization development
The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.
a. internal motivation CORRECT b. task identification c. synergy d. time-motion studies e. a value-added measure
The chain of command ____.
a. is described by none of these CORRECT b. acts at cross-purposes to the unity of command principle c. is the horizontal line of authority that indicates at which level of management an individual belongs d. is only relevant in mechanistic organizations e. does not permit delegation of authority
An expatriate is someone who:
a. is unhappy with his or her present residence b. desires to be employed in a country outside of his or her own c. believes strongly in nationalization d. claims dual citizenship e. lives and works outside of his or her own country CORRECT - E
Decentralization ____
a. leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees CORRECT b. tends to stymie employee capabilities c. is accurately described by all of these d. is more appropriate where standardization is important e. is characteristic of large companies
In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, the people who are described as happy-go-lucky and are people who are comfortable with an unstructured life and deal well with sudden changes. In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, these people have a ____.
a. low degree of uncertainty avoidance CORRECT b. masculine culture c. high degree of uncertainty avoidance d. feminine culture e. culture based on equity
Historically, most companies have used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets.
a. market echo approach b. global new venture approach c. ripple approach d. phase model of globalization CORRECT e. guerrilla approach
Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion?
a. market researcher b. bookkeeper c. salesperson- CORRECT d. computer technician e. wholesale plant nursery operator
(n) ____ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge.
a. mechanistic b. modular c. departmentalized d. organic CORRECT e. centralized
The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____.
a. mentoring and role-playing b. role-playing and computer simulation c. awareness training and skills-based diversity training- CORRECT d. organizational plurality and individual autonomy e. computer simulation and role-playing
The ____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.
a. milestones b. compression- CORRECT c. prototypical d. dialectical e. generational
A(n) __________ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.
a. modular b. mechanistic CORRECT c. standardized d. departmentalized e. organic
The two general kinds of trade barriers are:
a. nationalistic and geocentric barriers b. qualitative and quantitative barriers c. voluntary and involuntary barriers d. government import standards and industry import standards e. tariff barriers and nontariff barriers CORRECT
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:
a. organization development b. innovation maps c. cyclical inventions d. results-driven change e. innovation streams- CORRECT
The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
a. positive affectivity b. deep-level diversity c. social integration d. organizational plurality- CORRECT e. social internalization
The term ____ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.
a. power distance b. short-term/long-term orientation c. risk aversion d. masculinity e. uncertainty avoidance CORRECT
A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.
a. process b. cycle- CORRECT c. continuum d. pattern e. hierarchy
Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____.
a. protect white, non-Hispanic Americans b. create homogeneous diversity c. do all of these d. compensate for past discrimination- CORRECT e. be punitive
Which of the following factors helps a company determine the growth potential of a foreign market?
a. purchasing power CORRECT b. land availability c. type of infrastructure d. natural boundaries e. political uncertainty
A(n) __________ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products.
a. staff b. organic c. line CORRECT d. mechanistic e. charted
Older workers ____.
a. tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers b. are accurately described by none of these- CORRECT c. typically demonstrate poor judgment d. are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers e. care less about the quality of their output than younger workers
The evidence clearly shows that __________ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.
a. the amount of cross-cultural training provided to the expatriate b. the similarity of the foreign language to the expatriate's native language c. the amount of language training provided to the expatriate d. how willing the expatriate was to accept the foreign assignment e. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture CORRECT
The evidence clearly shows that ____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment
a. the amount of language training provided to the expatriate b. how willing the expatriate was to accept the foreign assignment c. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture CORRECT d. the similarity of the foreign language to the expatriate's native language e. the amount of cross-cultural training provided to the expatriate
Conscientiousness is ____.
a. the degree to which someone is active and gregarious b. the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented- CORRECT c. defined by none of these d. the degree to which someone is cooperative, flexible, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting e. the degree to which someone is curious Hide Feedback
Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?
a. the learning and effectiveness paradigm b. the discrimination and fairness paradigm- CORRECT c. the affirmative action paradigm d. the personal integration paradigm e. the access and legitimacy paradigm
Organizational plurality is consistent with:
a. the paradigm of commonality b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the determination and fairness paradigm d. none of these e. the access and legitimacy paradigm
Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?
a. the paradigm of organizational diversity b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the affirmative action paradigm d. the sociocultural paradigm e. the Machiavellian paradigm
Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?
a. the removal of organizational impediments b. the development of challenging work c. all of these- CORRECT d. the granting of autonomy e. organizational encouragement
To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.
a. use job enlargement b. make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations- CORRECT c. create a code of ethics d. use a matrix organizational structure e. centralize their hiring practices
The organizational process ____.
a. uses vertical and horizontal departmentalization b. is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value CORRECT c. limits the adaptivity of an organization d. defines roles not activities e. is a traditional method for establishing organizational structures
When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.
a. utility b. reciprocity c. empathy d. synergy e. accountability CORRECT
Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing an office/manufacturing location in the Brazilian market for a U.S. company that operates cinemas and wants to open a chain of movie theatres there?
a. work force quality b. exchange rates c. tariff and nontariff barriers d. the strategy of the movie theater chain e. all of these CORRECT
structural accomodation
ability to change organizational structures, polocies, and practices in order to meet stretch goals
bureaucratic immunity
ability to make changes without first getting approval from managers or other parts of an organization
The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) _____ type of leadership.
achievement-oriented
change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior
activity-oriented
is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.
adverse impact
which of the following is an external recruiting method
advertising
unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences
affirmative action; diversity
refers to the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good natured, tolerant, and trusting
agreeableness
Which of the following organizations are covered by the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines?
all of these
The manager of a company that produces a soy-based sausage wants to conduct a competitive analysis. During this competitive analysis, he should look at
all of these (chapter 3 quiz)
which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment
all of these (chapter 7 quiz)
which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work
all of these are reasons why (chapter 10)
which of the following statements about ISO 9000 is true?
all of these statements about ISO 9000 are true (chapter 18)
experiential approach to innovation
an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding
compression approach to innovation
an approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed up innovation
Situational (SWOT) analysis
an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organizations internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment
Among companies who use the adaptive strategies, ____ blend the strategies used by ____.
analyzers; defenders and prospectors
transformational leaders
are accurately described by all of these (Chapter 14)
managers can motivate employees to increase their efforts by
asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs
The first step in the strategy-making process is to ____.
assess the need for strategic change
the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance
at both the beginning and end of the cycle
In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance ____.
at the midpoint of the cycle
in the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance
at the midpoint of the cycle
In the perceptual process, _____ is the process of noticing or becoming aware of particular stimuli.
attention
states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the cause of other people's behavior.
attribution theory
is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs
autonomy
the two basic types of diversity training programs are
awareness training and skills-based diversity training
are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job related background information not provided by applicants
background checks
According to Michael Porter, five industry forces determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability. Which of the following is one of those forces Porter identified?
bargaining power of suppliers
according to Michael Porter, 5 industry forces determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability. Which of the following is one of those forces Porter identified
bargaining power of suppliers
to improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers
base performance appraisal feedback on self-appraisals
to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do with of the following
before firing employees, managers should give them a change to improve
the fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of
bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)
Planning works best when the goals and action plans at the ____ of the organization support the goals and action plans at the ____ of the organization.
bottom and middle; top
how do employees try to restore equity when they perceive that they have been treated unfairly?
by doing any of these (Chapter 13)
References Etc will pose as a prospective employer, call a prior employer on an employee's behalf, and find out what the former employer is saying. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant ____
can sue for defamation
A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.
change agent
is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort
change agent
generational change
change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology
results driven change
change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results
according to Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ supports the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization
change forces; resistance forces
____ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.
character of rivalry
Clorox Corporation controls 60 percent of the bleach market. Imagine you are an entrepreneur who was considering developing and marketing a new brand of bleach. Which of Michael Porter's industry forces should you be most concerned about?
character of the rivalry
the two types of visionary leadership are
charismatic leadership transformational leadership
Planning is ultimately based upon ____.
choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal
Which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)?
client relationships
is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know.
closure
the two primary types of grapevine communications networks are
cluster and gossip
is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on-the-job performance or behavior.
coaching
Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?
coercion
which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions
coercion
which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs
cognitive ability tests
how would you respond to the following statement? "Group conflict is always bad."
cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance
is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it
cohesiveness
reactors
companies that do not follow a consistent adaptive strategy, but instead react to changes in the external environment after they occur
defenders
companies using an adaptive strategy aimed at defending strategic positions by seeking moderate, steady growth and by offering a limited range of high-quality product and services
Prospectors
companies using an adaptive strategy that seeks fast growth by searching for new market opportunities, encouraging risk taking, and being the first to bring innovative new products to market
design competition
competition between new and old technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design
An organization is experiencing ____ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past.
competitive inertia
The highly fragmented chemical industry in Europe has experienced decreasing profits in an industry reluctance to change the way it conducts business, especially in how it competes against lower-priced U.S. imports. This is an example of ____.
competitive inertia
an organization is experiencing ____ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past
competitive inertia
NTL is the largest cable company in the United Kingdom. The company has recently declared bankruptcy and needs to engage in restructuring in order to give it more flexibility and allow it to raise capital. Since it has identified the need for strategic change, what would be the organization's next step in this strategy-making process?
conducting a situation analysis
which of the Big Five Personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations
conscientiousness
in terms of leadership behavior, the term _____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.
consideration
is feedback that is intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging and is aimed at correcting performance deficiencies and motivating employees.
constructive feedback
In many organizations, sales managers develop company-wide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the company-wide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) _____ decision-making style.
consultative
W.L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L. Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the _____ theory of leadership.
contingency
Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Since then, the company has maintained a technological leadership in the production of bike and bike accessories and an organizational culture that encourages innovation. Technological leadership, as well as its organizational culture, are the company's ____.
core capabilities
in any organization, the ___ are the less visible, internal decision making routines, problem solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs
core capabilities
When The Home Depot opened stores in Canada, it ran a series of ads featuring an animated hammer that showed that the U.S.-based home improvement store had the lowest prices. According to Michael Porter, which of the following positioning strategies did The Home Depot adopt to deal with existing Canadian stores that sold similar products?
cost leadership
is communication with someone about non-job-related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance.
counseling
Aveda is a manufacturer and marketer of cosmetics, perfumes, hair-care, and skin-care products. To differentiate its products from other similar brands, Aveda focuses on educating its customers on general skin and hair care. Its salespeople are trained to answer questions and help customers find solutions. Aveda has used customer education and employee training to ____.
create a competitive advantage
related diversification
creating or acquiring coma pies that share similar products, manufacturing, marketing, technology, or cultures
unrelated diversification
creating or acquiring companies in completely unrelated businesses
Frederick Taylor is famous for
creating the principles of scientific management
are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged
creative work environment
refers to the production of novel and useful ideas
creativity
an organization engaged in _____ its work team members is training them in how to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team memebers
cross training
the ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization
cross-functional team
large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. this allows them to better serve the needs of their clients by using ____ departmentalization
customer
The three principles that characterize TMQ are continuous improvements, teamwork, and _____
customer focus and satisfaction
a technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends with that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology
cycle
according to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts
declaring victory too soon
Hohner is a company that manufactures and markets harmonicas, a product with a steady demand rate. It is so successful at what it does that the company controls 85 percent of the world's harmonica industry. In terms of the adaptive strategies, Hohner would most likely be categorized as a(n) ____.
defender
which of the following steps in the decision making process can be done better by groups than by individuals
defining the problem and generating alternatives
_____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible
delegation of authority
is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks
departmentalization
is feedback that is disapproving w/out any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the recipient.
destructive feedback
approach to decision making is a method in which an individual or subgroup is assigned the role of critic
devil's advocate
An ad for a major brand of clothes washer reads, "Since our humble beginnings back in 1950, we have been dedicated to building machines with superior cleaning power, reliability, and style." This manufacturer is more than likely using which kind of positioning strategy?
differentiation
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.
directive leadership
is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs
disparate treatment
The informational role managers' play when they share information they have collected with their subordinates and others in the company is called the ____ role.
disseminator
a manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a ____ goal to increase revenues by 8% over the next 5 years and a ____ goal to increase sales next June in the Miami Beach area by 3%
distal; proximal
Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its
distinctive competence
Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its ____.
distinctive competence
While ____ are tangible, ____ are not
distinctive competencies; core capabilities
While ____ are tangible, ____ are not.
distinctive competencies; core capabilities
for the goal-setting theory to work, goals must
do all of these (Chapter 13)
to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____
do all of these (chapter 12)
Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal w/conflict in one of three ways
domination compromise integration
When the CEO of a large corporation explained to their unionized employees why the company had to reduce healthcare coverage for its employees, he was engaging in _____ communications.
downward
the product quality characteristic of _____ is defined as the mean time before product failure.
durability
the U.S. chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. the average age of an effective process operator is 50. a wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operator in the chemical industry. the retirement of the current operators is an example of
dysfunctional turnover
which of the following statements about social responsibility is true
economic and legal responsibilities play a larger role in a company's social responsibility than do ethical and discretionary responsibilities
when resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, managers should use ___ as an approach to manage resistance
education and communication
people with the Big Five Dimension of ____ respond well under stress
emotional stability
job specialization can result in
employee boredom
approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring w/in a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hand-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding
experiential
When Coca-Cola acquired a water-treatment and bottling plant so it could produce and market Dasani brand bottled water, it was an example of ____.
external growth
In the model of the communication process presented in text, ____ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message.
feedback
When the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is high, companies in the industry will ____.
find it more difficult to be profitable
The goal of scientific management is to
find the one best way to perform each task
A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules.
first-line manager
In a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule, consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors
fixed ratio
Glassmaker AFG Industries positions itself as the primary supplier of glass used in microwave doors, shower doors, and patio tables. What type of a positioning strategy does the glass manufacturer use?
focus
The positioning strategy that is always paired with one of the other two positioning strategies to produce a specialized product or service is ____.
focus
The positioning strategies identified by Michael Porter are ____.
focus, cost leadership, and differentiation
change forces
forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time
resistance forces
forces that support the existing state of conditions in organizations
milestones
formal project review points used to assess progress and performance
____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise
functional
Teams can be broadly classified as either__
functional or cross functional
is a compensation system in which companies share the financial value or performance gains such as productivity, cost savings, or quality with their works
gainsharing
The goal of a company was to reduce the expenses incurred by the sales force. A manager examining weekly expense sheets would be using which of the accepted methods for tracking progress toward goal achievement?
gathering and providing performance feedback
in terms of external organizational environments, the ____ environment affects all organizations while the _____ environment is unique to each company.
general; specific
in the 1960s, Coca-Cola executives in Atlanta learned there was a bottler in the Colombian jungle that was bottling pirated Coke in dumped bottles. Coke decided in the ____ stage of the rational decision making process that it had to either bring some sort of legal action against the unauthorized bottler, ignore it, or buy it.
generation of alternative courses of action
unfreezing
getting the people affected by a change to believe that change is needed
is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization
glass ceiling
which of the following statements comparing goods and services is true?
goods can be collected and stored but services are perishable and unstorable
The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are ____.
grand strategies and the portfolio strategy
Hawthrone Studies showed how _____ can influence work group performance, for better or worse
group cohesiveness
minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____
groups of ten or larger
Companies can achieve growth mainly by ____.
growing internally through direct expansion or creating new businesses
groupthink occurs in
highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other
The ____ approach to management focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work.
human relations
A(n) ____ is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate.
imperfectly imitable
An ____ is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate
imperfectly imitable
Which of the following must be met if a firm's resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage
imperfectly imitable resources
diversity helps companies grow by
improving marketplace understanding
during the ___ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design
incremental change
A(n) ____ strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question "How should we compete in this industry?"
industry level
College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses ____ type of managing.
initiating structure
organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations
innovation
patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called
innovation streams
which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?
inspiring and motivating others
refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture
internal environment
Companies in the chemical industry are struggling to attract the most talented college graduates. One of the biggest challenges facing these companies is attracting new talent to organizations with an "old economy" image. A situational analysis would term this challenge a(n) ____.
internal weakness
In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge.
interpretation
The Gantt chart
is a chart that shows when & where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion
The Gantt chart ____.
is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion
a bureaucracy
is the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience
reinforcement theory says behavior is a function of
its consequences
which of the following is a component of the specific environment that would directly influence a restaurant's day-to-day operation
its regular customers
an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs withing one particular job has engaged in ____
job enlargement
according to some industrial psychologists, _____ is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints
job performance
research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____
job performance; job satisfaction
which of the following is an internal recruiting method
job posting
The Ryerson University Library is organized in a hierarchy with six unit heads reporting to a chief librarian. Within these units are fifteen librarians and forty-seven full-time staff. One of the tools used in the organizational development of the library was to systematically move employees from one job to another to give them an opportunity to learn and use different skills. The Ryerson University Library used _____
job rotation
help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job related
job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions
decentralization
leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees
in terms of the chain-of-command, _____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates
line; staff
Under conditions of ____, a competitive attack by the stronger rival is more likely to produce sustained competitive advantage.
low resource similarity
a glass of water and shelter from a snowstorm would be examples of _____, and a gold necklace and tickets to see professional wrestling would not be
low-order needs
Who is primarily responsible for developing operational plans?
lower-level managers
To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53% of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26%. In terms of the normative decision theory, the CEO _____
made autocratic decisions
The last step in effective planning is to ____
maintain flexibility in planning
Which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment?
make goals public
the highest degree of processing occurs in ____ operations
make-to-order
the lowest of degree of processing occurs in _____ operations, where a company orders parts and assembles standardized products before receiving customer orders.
make-to-stock
Resource similarity and ____ are factors that determine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.
market commonality
of all types of departmentalization, ____ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation
matrix
with _____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses
matrix
According to the SMART guidelines, goals should be
measurable
a(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain-of-command based on centralized authority and vertical communication
mechanistic
Typical responsibilities for ____ include coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions within a company
middle managers
Who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans?
middle managers
which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true
most employees and managers dislike the performance appraisal process
Driving in heavy traffic makes Hal very anxious and sometimes angry. He leaves home earlier than usual one morning and doesn't run into heavy traffic. He leaves home earlier again the next morning, and again he avoids heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequence of the avoidance of heavy traffic. What kind of reinforcement has occurred in this example?
negative reinforcement
According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____.
none of these
which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?
none of these (Chapter 14)
which of the following is NOT a kind of inventory a manufacturer would keep in stock?
nonrenewable materials
According to the text, valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable resources can produce sustainable competitive advantage only if they are ____ resources.
nonsubstitutable
a group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. this informal agreement was made even through the office did not have a dress code. the workers created a
norm
according the the Americans with Disabilities Act, disabilities (and reasonable accommodations for them) should be discussed ___
only after a job offer has been made
someone [is] described as having a mind-boggling breadth of his curiosity. in terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, this person would be described as having a high degree of
openness to experience
Budgets are an example of ____ planning.
operational
There are three kinds of ____ plans. They are single-use plans, standing plans, and budgets
operational
There are three kinds of ____ plans. They are single-use plans, standing plans, and budgets.
operational
____ plans direct the behavior, efforts, and priorities of operative employees for periods ranging from one 1 to 6 months
operational
resistance to change
opposition to change resulting from self interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change
The basic purpose of ____ planning is to leave commitments open by maintaining slack resources
options based planning
a(n) ___ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities, loosely defined, frequently changing roles, and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge
organic
Chester Barnard defined a(n) ____ as "a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons."
organization
When Susan started work at Henderson Textile Co., she was amazed at its employees who would take 30 minute restroom breaks, leave for the day at 2 pm, and generally belittle the company's management. Such employees' actions most likely developed over time as a result of a faulty
organizational culture
is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees.
organizational silence
while ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, _____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization
organizational structure; organizational process
A business school administrator who is determining what classes will be offered in which rooms and who will teach each specific class is involved in which classical management function?
organizing
The term ____ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"
orporate-level strategy
A(n) ____ is a written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors.
overt integrity test
in nonverbal communication, _____ is the pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern (i.e., use of silences, pauses, or hesitations) of one's voice.
paralanguage
according to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.
participative leadership
innovation streams
patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage
because of ____, people exposed to the same information will often disagree about what they saw or heard.
perceptual filters
a team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development
performing
is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other
personality
one of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. the manufactures operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan
piecework
A manager engaged in the management function of ____ is determining organizational goals and the means for achieving them.
planning
After earning $8 billion in profit, Royal Dutch/Shell decided to strive to double its profits within the next five years. Which classical management function would be instrumental in achieving this goal?
planning
A(n) ____ is a standing plan that indicates the general course of action that should be taken in response to a particular event or situation.
policy
fear of a lawsuit prevents many employers from giving totally honest recommendations to former employees. This reflects a change in the _____ component of the general environment
political/legal
Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus are the three types of ____ strategies discussed in the text.
positioning
Users of credit and debt cards that earn the owners money or rewards towards future purchases, is an example of
positive reinforcement
A(n) ____ resource is a resource that is not controlled or
possessed by many competing firms. 999 rare
which of the following is NOT a well-known technique for managing inventory?
progressive inventory management (PIM)
which of the following kinds of team is always temporary
project team
Because of slowing sales, Arm & Hammer started promoting innovative uses for its baking soda. By searching for new market opportunities, the manufacturer of Arm & Hammer is using which type of adaptive strategy?
prospecting
France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. To reduce the number of smokers in the nation, the French government has increased the costs of cigarettes to a price twenty times greater than that charged in any other nation in the European Union. In terms of reinforcement theory, the French government is trying to use _____ to get people to quit smoking by making cigarettes less affordable and by reducing the discretionary income (or possibly the disposable income) of people who continue smoking.
punishment
is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment
quid pro quo sexual harassment
Neither Chile nor Peru has a mass-market café culture, but that fact has not stopped Starbucks from trying to determine what can be done to make its coffee houses successful in those markets. By recognizing that people in these two South American countries do not drink coffee like people in the United States and that they should change this habit, Starbucks has begun a ____ process with problem identification
rational decision making
is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions
rational decision making
inventories include the basic inputs in a manufacturing process.
raw materials
is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur
reactive customer monitoring
is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, and speed
reengineering
in equity theory, _____ are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly
referents
Deutsche Bank became the world's largest bank through mergers with Bankers Trust, a transatlantic banking operation. Since both banking companies had similar core capabilities, this would be classified as an example of ____.
related diversification
The research on diversification in portfolio management indicates that the best approach is probably ____.
related diversification
An emphasis on _____ is likely to decrease opportunistic behavior but will never completely eliminate it
relationship behavior
One method of weighing decision criteria uses ____, which is a process where each decision is compared directly to every other criterion.
relative comparisons
the ability to consistently perform a service well is referred to as service _____
reliability
In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of remembering interpreted information.
retention
In an attempt to stop declining profitability, ICI, a British chemical company, deleted petrochemical products from its production and concentrated on specialty chemicals, a less capital-intensive, less cyclical business. What type of a grand strategy was ICI using?
retrenchment
The purpose of a ____ strategy is to turn around very poor company performance by shrinking the size or scope of the business.
retrenchment
The ____ strategy is analogous to pruning flowers.
retrenchment/recovery
Which of the following is the most specific type of standing plan?
rules and regulations
new employees were instructed never to wear loose fitting clothes when working around the canning machine. What kind of a standing plan is described in this example
rules and regulations
Marketers often appeal to consumers' needs as defined by Maslow's hierarchy. A lock manufacturer, shows how much protection its locks provide and a cleaning company developed several types of wipes to eliminate concerns about infectious germs. Both marketers are appealing to which need as defined by Maslow?
safety
which of the following is an example of extrinsic reward
salary increase
Marie-Helene de Taillac is a well-known European designer of understated, very delicate jewelry. Once she determined that further growth was impossible without changing how she distributed her product, she decided to open her own retail outlet to sell her products rather than letting department stores sell it. Since she made the decision without really examining how much the costs involved in implementing her decision, she has engaged in ____ behavior
satisficing
____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative
satisficing
Shell's efforts to sink an abandoned offshore oil-storage buoy, were derailed by Greenpeace in Germany, which mounted a well-orchestrated public relations blitz that caused Shell's gasoline sales to plunge by 50% at some German stations. This is an example of how _____ stakeholders can influence organizational strategy
secondary
____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perception about its socially responsible behavior
secondary
When doing an analysis of strategic groups to assess external environmental threats and opportunities, ____ firms are firms that use related but somewhat different strategies than ____ firms.
secondary; core
is the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and expectations while ignoring, screening out, or not accepting inconsistent.
selective perceptions
leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.
self-confidence
which of the following types of teams has the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods
self-designing teams
which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change
self-interest
refers to restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers
service recovery
most companies define product ___ in terms of how easy or difficult it is to fix a product,
serviceability
model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit
shareholder
What type of planning would be used to create the festivities necessary to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of a furniture manufacturer?
single use plan
Which of the following is a mechanism used to examine external threats and opportunities facing a firm as well as its internal strengths and weaknesses?
situational analysis
____ also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment
situational analysis
occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work
social loafing
which of the following statements about social responsibility and economic performance is true
social responsibility can sometime create significant costs for a company
Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that has been visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. The decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the
sociocultural
the goals of the compression approach to innovation are
speed, lower costs, and incremental change of dominant design
Companies often choose a ____ strategy when their external environment doesn't change much or after they have struggled with periods of explosive growth.
stability
Companies that are following a ____ strategy would be most likely to try to improve the way in which they sell the same goods or services to the same customers.
stability
Various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called ____.
stakeholders
various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called
stakeholders
is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes
standardization
is the type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events
standing plan
Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. Specialized bikes have a large share of a fast-growing market. According to the BCG matrix, specialized mountain bikes would be classified as
stars
An organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management.
strategic dissonance
an organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management
strategic dissonance
Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.
strategic plans
top management is responsible for developing long-term ___ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitiors in the next 2-5 years
strategic plans
For companies whose main products will not be seen by consumers and whose skills lie in productivity anonymity, a ____ could be to create a brand image to create a distinctive competence.
strategic reference point
____ are the targets that managers use to measure whether their firm has developed the core competencies that it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
strategic reference points
the ___ interview uses only standardized, job related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates
structured
Which of the following is NOT an example of a commonly used operations management tool?
target marketing
____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization
task significance
teams are typically required when
tasks require multiple perspectives
team rewards that depend on ___ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts
team performance rather than individual performance
employee involvement teams
team that provides advice or makes suggestions to management concerning specific issues
more premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. This improved survival rate can be attributed to the ____ component of hospitals
technological
the development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been
technological discontinuity
according to the model of need satisfaction, an unsatisfied need produces
tension
the purpose of _____ is to recognize U.S. companies for their achievements in quality and business performance and to raise awareness of how quality and performance excellence can be used to create a competitive edge.
the Baldrige Award
team level
the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team
Core firms
the central companies in a strategic group
individualism collectivism
the degree to which a person believes that people should be self sufficient and that loyalty to one's self is more important than loyalty to team or company
market commonality
the degree to which two companies have lapping products, services, or customers in multiple markets
performing
the fourth and final stage of team development, in which performance improves b/c the team has matured into an effective, fully functioning team
change agent
the person formally in charge of guiding a change effort
recovery
the strategic actions taken after retrenchment to return to a growth strategy
Strategic reference points
the strategic targets managers use to measure whether a firm has developed the core competencies it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage
organizational innovation
the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations
testing
the systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations
norming
the thirst stage of development, team members begin to settle into their roles, group cohesion grows, and positive team norms develop
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth are important to management b/c
they used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary motions form the work process
A sustainable competitive advantage exists for an organization when other companies have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate the advantage and ____.
those companies have, for the moment, stopped trying to duplicate the advantage
Kodak makes digital cameras and paper for prints. Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a _______ in its external environment if it considered how digital cameras affect sales of cameras that use film. On the other hand, Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as an ______ in its external environment if it considered the amount of Kodak processing paper used in printing pictures made by digital cameras
threat; opportunity
In the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____
traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams
in the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____
traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams
relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership
trait theory
the two basic kinds of inequity are
underreward and overreward
the 3 steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are
unfreezing change intervention refreezing
a(n) ___ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task
virtual team
a ____ should be brief, enduring, inspirational, clear, and consistent with widely shared company beliefs and values
vision statement
Distinctive competence
what a company can make, do, or perform better than its competitors
creative work environments
workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.
affective conflict ___
typically decreases team cohesiveness
People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n)
unethical charismatic leader
when Clorox Corp., a manufacturer of bleach and bleach-based cleaning products, acquired Kingsford Charcoal and Prime Choice brand steak sauce; it was an example of
unrelated diversification
suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. Knowing that the distribution of income w/in Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75% of the population is below the poverty line would be an ______ component in the manufacturer's general environment
economic
is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated
distributive justice
In Great Britain, Nestlé introduced a candy bar called Yorkie with the slogan "It's not for girls!" The resulting furor over this sexist campaign required its British managers to spend a great deal of time in the role of:
disturbance handlers
historically, ____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. It has been the most basic social responsibility of a business
economic
which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?
emotional stability
An article addressed to nurses who work in intensive care emphasize practices affirming the patient's intrinsic value and individual personality. One method to affirm the patient's intrinsic value is to demonstrate ____
empathy
is a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable self-determination
empowerment
in the model of the communication process presented in the text, _____ occurs when a message is put into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.
encoding
One of the benefits of planning is how it ____
encourages people to work harder for extended periods
the first step managers use to make sense of their changing environments
environmental scanning
According to _____, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly
equity theory
which of the following is the only type of responsibility given to traditional work groups
executive the task
Which of the following is NOT one of the five industry forces that determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability?
existing complementary products
companies relying on a trucking company providing just-in-time (JIT) transportation would _____
expect the chemical and dry bulk procedures to be delivered as they are needed by the production line
states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and they are often attractive rewards
expectancy theory
The ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.
experiential
during a job interview, interviewers can use their knowledge of face and body movements to determine when interviewees are telling the truth. This knowledge is called
kinesics
A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.
knowledge, tools, and techniques
Core capabilities
the internal decision making routines, problem solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs
the three key parts of material requirements planning (MRP) are ___
the master production schedule, the bill of materials, and inventory records
incremental change
the phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design
cost leadership
the positioning strategy of producing a product or service of acceptable quality at consistently lower production costs than competitors can, so that the firm can offer the product or service at the lowest price in the industry
Differentiation
the positioning strategy of providing a product or service that is sufficiently different form competitors' offerings that customers are willing to pay a premium price for it
Focus strategy
the positioning strategy of using cost leadership or differentiation to produce a specialized product or service for a limited, specially targeted group of customers in a particular geographic region or market segment
change intervention
the process used to get workers and managers to change their behavior and work processes
creativity
the production of novel and useful ideas
Acquisition
the purchase of a company by another company
technological substitution
the purchase of new technologies to replace older ones
storming
the second stage of development characterized by conflict and disagreement, in which team members disagree over what the team should do and how it should do it
is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and coworkers as well as the employees themselves
360-feedback
is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. a violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified of the selection rate for a non-protected group
80% rule
What is the first step for managing innovation during discontinuous change?
...
Which of the following statements about corporate culture is true
Corporate cultures are very difficult to change
is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
is best known for his role in Hawthrone Studies
Elton May
The only type of responsibility given to traditional work groups
Execute the task
A method used for compensating employees for team participation and accomplishments?
Gainsharing
____ can help organizations to maintain flexibility as they plan.
Options-based planning
is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service
Product boycott
Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and shape. Stryker Howmedica Osteonics in New Jersey used a semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. This group would be classified as a(n) ____.
Project Team
____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions.
Rational decision making
____ are a type of operational plan.
Single-use plans
Occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work
Social Loafing
Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.
Strategic Plans
____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.
Tactical
bargaining power of suppliers
a measure of the influence that suppliers of parts, materials, and services to firms in an industry have on the prices of these inputs
is the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes).
a self-serving bias
Which of the following is a mechanism used to examine external threats and opportunities facing a firm as well as its internal strengths and weaknesses?
a situational analysis
general electric workout
a three day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems
Which of the following is NOT a step in the management by objectives (MBO) process?
jointly develop operational plans
which of the following is not a step in the management by objectives (MBO) process
jointly develop operational plans
In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.
situational favorableness
refreezing
supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick
According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.
supportive leadership
Top-Flight manufactures Strata golf calls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. The Strata ball sells exceptionally well because customers perceive its patented three-layer construction to improve handling and increase distance. The patent on these golf balls gives Top-Flite a
sustainable competitive advantage
which of the following statements about team development is true
the growth stages are forming, norming, and performing
Corporate level strategy
the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "what businesses are we in or should we be in?"
discontinuous change
the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological competition and design substitution
is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.
transactional leadership
Affective conflict ____
typically decreases team cohesiveness
multifunctional teams
work teams composed of people from different departments
How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?
By creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements
A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of black and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the Fire and Rescue Service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. At its inception, this group was in the ____ stage of team development.
Forming
The city of College Station, Texas has implemented a program to reward employees for finding ways to save money for the city through improved operations and innovations. The city government is using ____
Gainsharing
Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ___
Groups of ten or larger
Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____
Groups of ten or larger
____ are both examples of cooperative contracts.
a. Direct investment and indirect investment b. Joint ventures and strategies alliances c. Direct exporting and indirect exporting d. Licensing and joint ventures e. Franchising and licensing CORRECT
____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.
a. Disposition b. Cognitive activity c. Motivation d. Personality- CORRECT e. Self-concept
The acronym GATT stands for the ____.
a. Global Arrangement for Trade and Taxes b. Government Aid of Trade and Transactions c. Global Agreement on Temporal Trade d. Governing Agreement on Trade and Transactions e. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade CORRECT - E
____ are long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deductions used to develop and protect companies or special industries.
a. Quotas b. Voluntary export restraints c. Tariffs d. Cooperative contracts e. Subsidies CORRECT
__________ is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.
a. Reciprocating interdependence b. Pooling interdependence c. Repositioning d. Manufacturing conversion e. Reengineering CORRECT
Which of the following is an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity programs?
a. Set high but realistic goals. b. All of these are examples of diversity principles.- CORRECT c. Find the common ground. d. Treat group differences as important, but not special. e. Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups.
A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has ____.
a. a small youth population b. all of these c. a large population of unskilled workers d. an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site CORRECT e. natural boundaries
People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress.
a. agreeableness b. empathy c. emotional stability- CORRECT d. conscientiousness e. openness to experience
Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics is a medium-sized U.S. company that sells 1.5 million tubes of its lipstick annually in Japan. It has no physical presence within the country beyond the fact its products are sold there. Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics uses ____ to reach the Japanese market.
a. exporting CORRECT b. direct investment c. licensing d. franchising e. a strategic alliance
Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?
a. exporting; strategic alliances; cooperative contracts; wholly owned affiliates b. exporting; cooperative contracts; wholly owned affiliates; strategic alliances c. home country sales; exporting; job ventures; strategic alliances, and direct investment d. exporting; wholly owned affiliates; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances e. exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates CORRECT
Hofstede's research has shown there are:
a. four factors upon which a company should base its decision to globalize b. two distinct methods for dealing with cultural differences--adaptation and continuation c. direct relationships existing between type of infrastructures and growth potential d. five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries CORRECT e. no cultural differences among nations in which Spanish is the national language
With divisions that focus on business clients and consumer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express, and others are examples of ____ departmentalization.
a. functional b. customer CORRECT c. matrix d. boundaryless e. product
An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____.
a. job specialization b. job enlargement CORRECT c. task aggregation d. job rotation e. employee specialization
Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, __________ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.
a. modular organizations CORRECT b. hierarchical organizations c. organizational networks d. boundaryless organizations e. virtual organizations
Starbucks is expanding its global operations into South America in spite of the real probability of civil wars and terrorist activities in many of the continent's nations. As Starbucks expands into South America, it must deal with ____.
a. nationalistic equity b. infrastructure regulation c. political uncertainty CORRECT d. strategy risk e. economic uncertainty
Organizational plurality is consistent with ____.
a. none of these b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the access and legitimacy paradigm d. the determination and fairness paradigm e. the paradigm of commonality
All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____.
a. none of these CORRECT b. a mechanistic organizational culture c. the development of culturally-specific implementation policies d. the use of local adaptation strategy e. the ability to respond quickly and efficiently to any changes in the external environment
While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.
a. organizational structure; organizational process CORRECT - A b. organizational process; organizational structure c. interorganizational process; intraorganizational process d. intraorganizational process; interorganizational process e. departmentalization; functionalization
An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.
a. personality b. motivation c. locus of control d. disposition- CORRECT e. attitude
What are the two types of political risk that affect companies conducting global business?
a. policy uncertainty and expropriation potential b. cultural strength and political risks c. infrastructure dynamism and political uncertainty d. political uncertainty and policy uncertainty CORRECT - D e. nationalism and economic uncertainty
Two factors help determine the growth potential of foreign markets. They are foreign competition and:
a. political stability b. purchasing power CORRECT c. creative differences d. communications and transportation systems e. product diffusion rate
The three types of task interdependence are
a. pooled, delegated, and systematic b. sequential, delegated, and pooled c. delegated, integrated, and combined d. integrated, reciprocal, and synergistic e. reciprocal, pooled, and sequential CORRECT
Global business is defined as____.
a. the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries CORRECT b. only involves companies with more than 50 employees c. includes any sale of goods and services d. refers to sales made to people from different cultures, different regions, and different nations e. is unregulated
analyzers
companies using an adaptive strategy that seeks to minimize risk and maximize profits by following or imitating the proven successes of prospectors
gainsharing
compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains, such as increased productivity, cost savings, or quality, with their workers
skill based pay
compensation system that pays employees for learning additional skills or knowledge
____ stakeholders are groups, such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival
primary
A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing)
problem
A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).
problem
exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).
problem
are standing plans that indicate the specific steps that should be taken in response to a particular event
procedures
hallmark has four departments. these departments are (1) flowers and gifts, (2) cards and e-cards, (3) hallmark collectibles, and (4) photo albums and scrapbooks. hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.
product
Which of the adaptive strategies tends to result in the poorest performance?
reactors
E-Lab (the "e" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. one team had to spend time riding in the back seat of a squad car, accompanying cops on drug raids, as part of research for a new communications device for police departments. Another team studied how people get sick with a cold to create a new over-the-counter cold remedy. Often clients give team members extremely ambitious goals which the team members initially have no idea how to solve. In other words, project teams are given ___
stretch goals
An Australian manufacturer of surfboards wants to increase awareness of its brand in the U.S. market. A ____ plan to accomplish this objective might be to host a series of surfboard competitions in California .
tactical
resource similarity
the extent to which a competitor has similar amounts and kinds of resources
For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers, Which of the following would be a component of its sociocultural environment
the fact most consumers prefer eating out rather than at home
Secondary firms
the firms in a strategic group that follow strategies related to but somewhat different from those of the core firms
Forming
the first stage of team development, in which team members meet each other, form initial impressions, and begin to establish team norms
Hot Topic is a fast growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. The owner and founder daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. An employee suggested that the stores should carry a certain type of soda. The employee's suggestion was an example of ____ communications.
upward
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are important to management because they ____.
used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work process
coercion
using formal power and authority to force others to change
According to the expectancy theory, _____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.
valence, expectancy, and instrumentality
a study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82% of the time. if background checks reduce employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be
validated
is a deviation in the form, condition, or appearance of a product from the quality standard for that product.
variation
When Samsonite purchased American Tourister, one of the first things the new management did was to eliminate the American Tourister Gorilla mascot (which had appeared in all American Tourister ads for years and which represented the quality construction of American Tourister luggage). The gorilla had been a symbol of quality and commitment for American Tourister employees. The executive order to remove the gorilla posters from the walls of offices and factories was one of the means Samsonite used to change the organizational culture at American Tourister. The gorilla posters were an example of
visible artifacts
technological lockout
when a new dominant design prevents a company from competitively selling its products or makes it difficult to do so
Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored again in a safe location. Graf's actions can be described as
whistleblower
Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffeehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDs and other non-coffee items. The making and marketing of the CDs and other non-coffee products would be an example of ____.
unrelated diversification
When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, the Indian government immediately ordered Coke to stop production. The Indian government served as a(n) ____.
Primary Stakeholders
Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.
S-curve
____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior.
Secondary
Which of the following is NOT one of the rules for effective brainstorming?
Select an open-minded group leader.
Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?
a. All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.- CORRECT b. It supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a focus on quickly measuring and improving results. c. Managers actually test to see if changes make a difference. d. Managers introduce changes in policies, procedures, rules, and regulations only when they will improve measured performance. e. Quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes.
____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.
a. Homogeneous work environments b. Innovative societies c. Empathetic work stations d. Participative work teams e. Creative work environments- CORRECT
Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.
a. deployment b. change c. innovation- CORRECT d. development e. creativity
The __________ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.
a. dialectical b. compression- CORRECT c. generational d. milestones e. prototypical
The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___.
a. dominant design b. innovative exchange c. adaptive change d. technological substitution- CORRECT e. design replacement
____ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.
Character of the rivalry
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?
group compensation
Specific Environment
Dofasco Dofasco, Inc. is a different kind of steel company. Tiny by industry standards, the Canadian-based company has just 8,500 employees and a market cap of $2.3 billion. Dofasco operates with a close eye on the triple bottom line. In addition to tracking financial metrics, Dofasco also monitors its impact on society and the environment. As a result, the company has outperformed many of its biggest competitors. Despite a recent slump in the automobile industry, which accounted for 50 percent of its business, Dofasco ran at 100 percent capacity and finished as one of the only integrated steelmakers in all of North America to make a profit one year. Dofasco is also one of the only companies in the steel industry without a union, and its employees like it that way. Employee turnover at the company's main operation is less than one percent annually. Part of its low turnover rate is due to the company's concern about protecting its external environment. As the CEO of the company said, "One way to get happy employees is not to wreck their community in which they live." Refer to Dofasco. The fact that Ford purchased less steel from Dofasco during the auto industry's slump would be part of Dofasco's ____ environment because Ford Motor Company is one of its customers.
In the past, battlefield surgery was crude and often ineffective. Which of the following management theorists would most likely have used their understanding of how work is done to help surgeons eliminate unnecessary motions, operate more efficiently, and save more lives by closely studying how surgeries were performed?
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
Marie-Helene de Taillac is a well-known European designer of understated, very delicate jewelry. Once she determined that further growth was impossible without changing how she distributed her product, she decided to open her own retail outlet to sell her products rather than letting department stores sell it. Since she made the decision without really examining how much the costs involved in implementing her decision, she has engaged in ____ behavior
She chose an alternative solution that was "good enough" without examining every last variable
...
Typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is ____.
Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?
a. Resistance to change will not occur when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation. b. Resistance to change will not occur when change efforts receive significant managerial support. c. Resistance to change will not occur when employees are educated about the need for change. d. Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable. -CORRECT e. Resistance to change disappears when the organization operates in conditions of certainty.
Organizational development ____.
a. assumes that top management support is not necessary for change b. is accurately described by all of these c. takes a short-term approach to change d. requires a steering committee e. is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions- CORRECT
In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____,
a. at the end of the cycle b. in the maturity stage of the cycle c. at both the beginning and end of the cycle- CORRECT d. throughout the cycle e. early in the cycle
When significant improvements in performance can ONLY be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is ____ in the S-curve pattern of innovation.
a. at the problem identification stage of the innovation cycle b. at the end of its maturity stage c. at either the beginning or end of the innovation cycle d. at the end of the innovation cycle- CORRECT e. at its breakeven point
According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization.
a. change forces; resistance forces- CORRECT b. compressed changes; generational changes c. generational changes; inertial changes d. change forces; inertial forces e. generational forces; resistance forces
Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?
a. coercion- CORRECT b. reinforcement modification c. mentoring d. arbitration e. negotiation
When incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version, ____ is said to have occurred.
a. coercive change b. discontinuous innovation c. generational change- CORRECT d. a milestone e. intuitive change
Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.
a. corporate synergy b. assembly networking c. organizational innovation- CORRECT d. reverse engineering e. organizational networking
From a competitive standpoint, ____ means that the strategic actions your company takes can probably be matched by your direct competitors.
resource similarity
It is appropriate to use a(n) ____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing technological design.
a. experiential- b. prototypical c. milestones d. reinforcement e. compression- CORRECT
In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.
a. incremental change, discontinuous change, dominant design, and technological discontinuity b. technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change- CORRECT c. technological discontinuity, incremental change, discontinuous change, and technological continuity d. dominant design, discontinuous change, era of incremental change, and technological discontinuity e. discontinuous change, incremental change, technological discontinuity, and dominant design
A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.
a. internal resource environment b. structure or personnel requirements c. human, technical, and conceptual skills needed d. knowledge, tools, and techniques- CORRECT e. way information is integrated
According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:
a. not removing obstacles to the new vision b. not establishing a great enough sense of urgency- CORRECT c. declaring victory too soon d. not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture e. a poorly designed organizational mission
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____.
a. organization development b. results-driven change c. innovation maps d. cyclical inventions e. innovation streams- CORRECT
Which of the following is an example of a stakeholder group that an organization must satisfy to assure long-term survival?
all of these
Levi Strauss Emily Morgan is a 30-year veteran at Levi Strauss & Company. She joined the company as a secretary in the advertising department and slowly began rising through the ranks. The more she saw how the company worked, the more dissatisfied she became. According to Morgan, the company was "dysfunctional" and "internally competitive, one division against another." This is why Morgan became a part of the change initiative when talk of reinventing the company spread through headquarters. She led the team that designed the Develop Sources process, a system for working with suppliers. In 1995, Morgan became vice president for fulfillment, Asia. Her job was to convince Levi's Asia suppliers to adopt more efficient production and distribution techniques. The Asian suppliers were afraid of change. Once Morgan and her staff showed suppliers how use of the Develop Sources program would benefit them, Morgan's job to transform Levi's Asian operations became easier. Refer to Levi Strauss. Emily Morgan is an example of a(n) __
change agent
Imagine Dow Chemical is conducting a situational analysis. According to its sales, Dow is the second largest chemical company in the world. BASF is the largest. Both companies use a similar strategy. Within Dow's situational analysis, BASF would be classified as a ____.
core firm
A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.
cycle
According to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts?
declaring victory too soon
When a U.S. automaker learned that it took longer than any other U.S. car manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle did it enter?
discontinuous change
One of the benefits of planning is how it ____.
encourages people to work harder for extended periods
There are eight general steps for organizational development intervention. The first step is ____.
entry
Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?
gathering and providing performance feedback
The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines impose smaller fines on companies that ____.
have already established a specific type of compliance program
Ramin wood, which is used to make pool cues and picture frames, was declared an endangered species and its export is regulated by the government of Indonesia. In spite of attempts to control the sale of the wood, it is still being carried across Indonesia's national borders and sold in Malaysia where government officials pretend the wood was legally acquired. Companies that buy the illegally-acquired wood in Malaysia are ignoring their ____ responsibility to society.
legal
Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform?
monitor
Which of the following approaches is aimed at changing large systems, small groups, or individuals?
organizational development
Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.
organizational innovation
Nestlé was unsuccessful in early attempts to sell its chocolate in India. It discovered its chocolate bars were not suitable for the Indian markets because the candy had to sit in direct sunlight without benefit of air conditioning and became messy. Nestlé adopted an innovation strategy and developed Chocostick, a liquid chocolate, which is very popular. Solving this problem involved what management function?
planning
According to Harvard professor Michael Porter, five industry forces (character of rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of buyers) determine an industry's overall attractiveness and its ____.
potential for long-term profitability
Kodak is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.
technological discontinuity
Eastman Kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. The company, which is run as an independent unit, has experienced excessive financial losses the last three years. The ____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable.
top manager
Synergy occurs when ____.
two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart
Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored once again in a safe location. Graf actions can be described as a(n) ____.
whistleblower
