Chapter Nine

Succession

Natural progression of vegetation and wildlife in an area

Wildlife management

Science and practice of maintaining wildlife populations and their habitats

No North American animal has become extinct because of sport hunting

True

What is the biggest cause for threatened and endangered species?

Urbanization

Conservation

Wise use of natural resources, without wasting them

Predator

animal that kills other animals for food

Habitat

complete environmental requirements of an animal for survival: food, water, cover, space, and arrangement

Regulating hunting has never caused a wildlife population to become...

endangered or threatened

Balancing Act

habitats must be balanced to support wildlife, remove a certain plant/animal from the community and the community might not survive

Funding from __________ has helped many game and non-game species recover from dwindling populations

hunting licences

Arrangement

ideally places food, water, cover, and space in a small area so that animals minimize their energy while fulfilling basic life needs

Basic needs of life

nourishment, procreation, rest

Preservation

saving natural resources, but with no consumptive use of them

North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

set of seven guiding principles for managing wildlife resources created by the US and Canada

Edge effect

the consequence of placing two contrasting ecosystems adjacent to one another

Carrying Capacity

the number of animals the habitat can support throughout the year without damage to the animals or to the habitat; the number of animals a habitat can support all year

Death Rate

the ratio of number of deaths in a species to the total population of that species spanning one year

Birth Rate

the ratio of number of young born to females of a species to total population of that species over one year

Goal of wildlife conservation

to ensure the wise use and management of renewable resources

Beneficial Habitat Management Practice

- brush pile creation - controlled burning - diking - ditching - food plots and planning - mechanical brush or grass control - nuisance plant or animal control - timber cutting - water holdings

Factors that limit the potential production of wildlife

- disease/parasites - starvation - predators - pollution - accidents - old age - hunting

Seven Principles (shortened versi

- wildlife is public property - wildlife cannot be slaughtered for commercial use - wildlife is allocated by law - wildlife shall be taken legally and ethically in the spirit of "fair chase" - wildlife is an international resource - wildlife management, use, conservation shall be based on sound scientific knowledge/principles - hunting, fishing, trapping shall be democratic

Space

necessary for adequate food among wildlife, territorial space for mating/nesting, and freedom from stress-related diseases

Food and water

necessary to all wildlife

The first official hunting season may have been estblished in

the 13th century by Kublai Khan.