Chapter Ten

25%

According to Dr. Richard Besser, typical cholesterol-lowering medications known as statins lower the risk of developing heart disease by what percentage?

30 minutes of aerobic exercise 3 times per week; the video recommended 30 minutes of aerobic exercise 3 times per week to reduce the risk of CVD by 20 percent. The video also noted that people need to be aware of their current physical condition and start at a level that they can handle; the important thing is to get moving and increase the heart rate.

According to the video, what is the minimum recommended amount of exercise to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by 20 percent?

Decreased risk of developing cardiovascular disease; with improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, there will be a decrease in blood pressure, reduced stress, and improvements in blood lipid profiles. These factors reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

According to the video, which of the following is an important health benefit associated with regular aerobic exercise?: Increased mental alertness and improved memory; Diabetic individuals may be able to reduce their insulin dose; Decreased risk of developing cardiovascular disease; and Weight loss will occur more rapidly.

Angina pectoris, damage to the muscle tissue, and atherosclerotic plaque blocking one or more blood vessels that supply the heart.

Coronary heart disease is characterized by __________.

Mediterranean diet; the Mediterranean diet consists of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, healthy proteins (fish and chicken), beans and legumes, mixed nuts, and olive oil.

Current research indicates that individuals at very high risk for heart disease can lower their risk by 30% if they consume what type of diet?

Any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels; it remains the number-one cause of death in the U.S. and the world. [There are 4 major cardiovascular diseases and they are arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension.]

Define Cardiovascular Disease ...

Disease that results from atherosclerotic plaque blocking one or more coronary arteries (blood vessels supplying the heart); also called coronary artery disease.

Define Coronary Heart Disease ...

Abnormally high blood pressure. [When the heart contracts, blood pressure increases; it follows that blood pressure decreases when the heart relaxes between beats. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is expressed as the systolic blood pressure (pressure when your heart contracts) and the diastolic blood pressure (pressure when your heart relaxes).]

Define Hypertension ...

Brain damage that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced for a prolonged period of time.

Define Stroke ...

1. Major risk factors (also called primary risk factors) are directly related to the development of CHD and stroke. Contributory risk factors (or secondary risk factors) are those that increase the risk of CHD, but their direct contribution to the disease process has not been precisely determined. 2. Primary (Major) Risk Factors: a) Cannot be controlled --> Heredity, gender, and increasing age; b) Can be controlled --> Tobacco use, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity, and diabetes. 3. Secondary (Contributory) Risk Factors: a) Can be controlled --> Stress, diet and nutrition, and alcohol consumption.

Explain the difference between major (primary) and contributory (secondary) risk factors for developing coronary heart disease and list factors that fall under each category.

40; 3-— to 4. These levels are recommended for adults with high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

For adults with high blood pressure or high cholesterol, the recommendation is __________ minutes of aerobic exercise at a moderate intensity __________ days per week to lower risk of heart attack and stroke.

1. Smoking promotes the development of atherosclerosis in peripheral blood vessels (such as in the arms or legs), which can lead to hypertension and increased risk of stroke. And smokers who have a heart attack are more likely to die within an hour after that attack than are nonsmokers. Studies have also concluded that passive inhalation of cigarette smoke (secondhand smoke) can increase the risk of both cardiovascular and lung disease. 2. Cigarette smoking can affect your risk for CHD in at least 4 ways. First, the nicotine in the smoke increase both heart rate and blood pressure. Second, smoking increases the stickiness of the platelets in your blood, increasing the likelihood of clotting and raising the risk of heart attack. Third, nicotine influences the way your heart functions, leading to arrhythmias and potentially, sudden cardiac death. Finally, smoking increases your chance of developing atherosclerosis by elevating the amount of cholesterol in the blood and promoting fat deposits in arterial walls. Women who both smoke and take birth control pills are at an even higher risk for developing CHD.

How does smoking increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease?

Myocardial infarction; cardiovascular disease refers to any of the diseases affecting the heart or blood vessels. The most common cardiovascular diseases are arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease(CHD), stroke, and hypertension. Many factors can affect the development of cardiovascular disease; some are preventable through lifestyle choices, and some are not.

LO 1, Define Cardiovascular Disease and Describe the Prevalence of this Condition in the United States and Worldwide... Millions of people worldwide die or are injured each year due to heart attack or stroke. In America, 2100 people die from cardiovascular disease each day. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of heart disease. Stoppage of blood flow to the heart resulting in death of heart cells is known as _________

High cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, and tobacco use; it is possible to at least partially control many primary and secondary risk factors for coronary heart disease; only heredity, gender, and age cannot be controlled.

LO 2, List the Major (Primary) and Contributory (Secondary) Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Identify Those Risk Factors That Can Be Modified... Which of the following are primary risk factors in coronary heart disease?: High cholesterol; alcohol use; sedentary lifestyle; tobacco use; and diet.

About 70% of risk factors can be modified by changes in behavior./ Relaxation and stress reduction can reduce the risk of developing CHD./ Exercise and a low-sodium diet can reduce blood pressure for many individuals./ Exercise and being physically active are very important in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and CHD in particular. These habits affect risk factors like blood pressure, blood cholesterol, body weight, and diabetes risk.

LO 3, Outline a Plan for Reducing Your Risk for Developing Cardiovascular Disease... More than half of all college-age students have at least one major coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor. Which of the following are true about the risk of CHD?: About 70% of risk factors can be modified by changes in behavior. Relaxation and stress reduction can reduce the risk of developing CHD. Light endurance activity is more effective in reducing CHD disease risk than regular vigorous endurance activity. Exercise and a low-sodium diet can reduce blood pressure for many individuals. The best way to reduce blood cholesterol is through medication.

1. Perform at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity 5 days per week (150 minutes total). 2. Perform at least 25 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity at least 3 days per week (75 minutes total). 3. Perform moderate- to high-intensity resistance exercise training at least 2 days per week for additional heath benefits. 4. For adults with high blood pressure or high cholesterol, the recommendation is 40 minutes of aerobic exercise at a moderate intensity 3-4 days per week to lower your risk of heart attack and stroke.

Summarize the American Heart Association's - recommendations for exercise to reduce your risk of heart disease.

True

T/F - Regular vigorous exercise (>50% VO2max) is more protective against cardiovascular disease than lower-intensity exercise.

Olive oil; this is the key oil that needs to be consumed as part of the Mediterranean diet. It is made from olives, the fruit of the olive tree, and is considered a fruit-based oil. This oil is much more nutrient dense than other cooking oils and is the healthiest type.

The Mediterranean diet includes 4 tablespoons of what oil per day to lower heart disease risk by 30%?

Smoking; smoking is the biggest risk factor listed.

The biggest risk factor for CVD is __________.

Cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. for all ages.

The leading cause of death in the United States is ...

Ethnicity, gender, age, and socioeconomic status; all are factors that contribute to risk for cardiovascular disease.

What factor can affect one's risk of developing cardiovascular disease?

Mixed nuts

What food source did Dr. Besser recommend consuming 30 grams of daily that provides healthy fats to fill you up, making you eat less at a given meal?

140/90; Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm/Hg, so blood pressure reading of 140/90 would be considered high blood pressure, or hypertension.

Which of the following blood pressure measurements would be considered hypertension?: 100/80; 110/80; 130/80; and 140/90.

Improved ability to process sugar in the diet; the video focused on heart health and did not discuss processing of glucose in the body. Lower BP, lower triglycerides, a stronger heart muscle, and more efficient circulation are benefits discussed in the video.

Which of the following is NOT a health benefit associated with regular aerobic exercise?: Lower triglycerides in the blood; Reduced blood pressure; Improved ability to process sugar in the diet; and Stronger heart muscle and more efficient circulation.

Decreased stroke volume; stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped per heartbeat. Stroke volume will increase with exercise because more blood is required to the working muscles.

Which of the following is NOT a response to exercise?: Decreased stroke volume; Increased cardiac output; Increased heart rate; and Increased breathing rate.

Tobacco use; this is a primary contributing factor for CVD.

Which of the following is a primary contributing factor for CVD?: Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, stress, and diet and nutrition.

Smoking; smoking, hypertension, and high cholesterol are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Resting pulse rate is not a risk factor.

Which of the following is not a major risk factor for CHD?: Smoking; hypertension; unfavorable blood cholesterol; and high resting pulse rate.

Diabetes

Which of the following is not considered a cardiovascular disease?: Diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and arteriosclerosis.

Heredity; obesity, hypertension, and stress can all be modified by healthy lifestyle changes. However, heredity - the genes you are born with - cannot be changed.

Which of the following risk factors for CHD cannot be modified by a change in behavior?: Obesity; heredity; hypertension; and stress.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes usually have unfavorable blood cholesterol levels; unfavorable blood cholesterol levels are common among those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Which of the following statements about diabetes is true?: Individuals with type 2 diabetes are more likely to be active individuals. Type 2 diabetes occurs most often in late adulthood. Individuals with type 2 diabetes usually have unfavorable blood cholesterol levels. Statistics show 10% of people with diabetes will die from CHD.

Obesity; obesity is a controllable risk factor.

Which of these factors for heart disease is most controllable?: Obesity, race, gender, and family history.