Chapter V: Blues Revisionism

Name the Rolling Stones' first #1 hit in the US that transformed them into international pop icons

(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction

Who first introduced young Jimi Hendrix to the blues?

A boarder in his house, Ernestine Benson

What was the significance of The Ealing Club?

A central club completely devoted to electric blues that would serve as a magnet for UK blues musicians

With the addition of Mick Taylor, what did the Rolling Stones become once again?

A complete band again

What was The Chess Brothers' label's name from 1946-1950?

Aristocrat Records

What was the new name of the Aristocrat Records in 1950?

Chess Records

What type of electric blues was most influential to British blues artists?

Chicago blues

How was the Yardbirds' performance style different from the other early British blues bands?

Their musical approach was improvisation

What was the difference between country and urban blues?

Urban blues had the addition of different timbres to the traditional blues mix and had instrumental breaks

What artist inspired Eric Clapton to become a lead guitarist?

Freddie King

Who was Vee Jay Records' primary blues artist?

Jimmy Reed

Name Brian Jones' final album with the Rolling Stones in 1969

Let It Bleed

Who became the Rolling Stones first and only lead guitarist?

Mick Taylor

What was the musically-oriented direction of Goats Head Soup?

Much more pop with glossy production, strings, horns, and wah-wah pedals

Name several other blues/R&B artists that Clapton tried to imitate

Muddy Waters, B.B. King, and Chuck Berry

In Led Zeppelin II, what would be the result of Jimmy Page's studio experience- what would it culminate in?

Multi-tracking of layered guitar-work giving the album's sound a greater sense of heaviness and harsh distortion

When was The Jimi Hendrix Experience's debut?

Oct. 13, 1966 in France

Name the Rolling Stones' album that marked the completion of the transition from a blues-oriented sound, to their guitar-based rock and roll style

Out of Our Heads

Which English label distributed Chess Recordings throughout UK thereby making these records easy to obtain?

P.Y.E. International

What was the division of duties between The Rolling Stone's two guitarists?

Rhythm and lead

What two guitar-playing styles could Jimi Hendrix do simultaneously?

Rhythm and lead guitar

Of these artists, who was the one that best embodied the so-called romantic myth of the lone blues guitarists?

Robert Johnson

As a session musician for Decca Records, Jimmy Page acquired his studio expertise by working with two producers. Who were they?

Shel Talmy and Mickie Most

From which arrangement of You Need Love did Jimmy Page borrow from for his arrangement of Whole Lotta Love?

Small Faces' You Need Loving

Which song was the epic centerpiece and the best known song on Led Zeppelin IV?

Stairway To Heaven

Name the club that Alexis Korner founded

The Ealing Club

What was the first song where Jagger and Richards honed in this new songwriting formula?

The Last Time

Name the place and date of The Rolling Stones debut performance

The Marquee Club in London on July 12, 1962

What poignant sound did the Beggars Banquet by The Rolling Stones album carry?

The Mississippi Delta blues/ folk sound

Name the band managed by Giorgio Gomelsky that transformed Eric Clapton into a bona fide, full-time musician

The Yardbirds

What was country blues?

The first body of black American music to lay down basic blues structures

Led Zeppelin's practice of All-Riff became the bridge to what?

The heavy metal juggernaut to follow

What cover song was the most notable from The Rolling Stones: England's Newest Hit Makers and why?

A cover of Buddy Holly's Not Fade Away, their first top ten single in the UK

Name the 5 Rolling Stones albums that Jimmy Miller produced

1. Beggars Banquet (1968) 2. Let it Bleed (1969) 3. Sticky Fingers (1971) 4. Exile On Main St. (1972) 5. Goats Head Soup (1973)

Name three classic blues artists that Mick Jagger and Keith Richards both studied

1. Big Bill Broonzy 2. Jimmy Reed 3. John Lee Hooker

Name 5 of Robert Plant's blues influences

1. Buddy Guy 2. Little Walter 3. Muddy Waters 4. Howlin' Wolf 5. Jimmy Whitherspoon

List 3 components of the new Jagger/Richards songwriting formula

1. Catchy, easily memorable, repeated electric guitar riff that serves as the main instrumental theme 2. Mick Jagger's catchy and easily singable pop tunesmithism 3. Choruses that are tuneful that stand out in contrast to verse sections

Name three country blues artists that were most celebrated by British blues artists

1. Charlie Patton 2. Son House 3. Robert Johnson

Name the Yardbirds' three important electric guitarists

1. Eric Clapton 2. Jeff Beck 3. Jimmy Page

Name the first Yardbirds hit that Jeff Beck recorded on

Heart Full of Soul

Which Led Zeppelin album synthesized their electric styles and influences under one deep blend?

Led Zeppelin IV (1971) aka The Runes Album

During his brief stint in the Army in 1961, which blues legends was Hendrix studying?

Muddy Waters, Jimmy Reed, Slim Harpo, and Albert King

Name the band that resulted for Jimi Hendrix

The Jimi Hendrix Experience

In which band did Jimi Hendrix have his first experience as a frontman?

The King Kasuals

Which device enabled delays of exact durations?

The Klempt Echolette

Name 2 R&B artists Jagger and Richards studied

1.Bo Diddley 2. Chuck Berry

What was next Rolling Stones album after their debut and what were the two most notable covers?

12x5 1. It's All Over Now by Bobby Womack- first #1 hit in the UK 2. Time Is On My Side by Jerry Ragovoy- first top ten hit in US

Name Jimi Hendrix's second and third released singles

2. Purple Haze 3. The Wind Cries Mary

Explain the concept of a practice known as All-riff

A heavy blues practice where the phrase structures and thickly textured guitars were scaled down to unison riffs/melodies with the bass

Name the first Rolling Stones album completely comprised of original songs

Aftermath

Which black American blues guitarist was Eric Clapton's main influence when he performed with The Cream?

Albert King

What American musical style would they emulate thereby achieving originality?

American blues

Describe the practice of "Rave Up"

An improvisational approach where the group accelerates the tempo together nad rises up to a louder, dynamic climax. Then bringing the music down to a softer tone

When Jimi Hendrix returned to America, he returned not as a cover guy but rather, what did he return as?

An undisputed original writing his own songs

Who became The Rolling Stones' game changing manager?

Andrew Loog Oldham

After being locked in a kitchen, what was the first song that Mick Jagger and Keith Richards wrote together?

As Tears Go by recorded by Marianne Faithfull

Which album marked the return of the Rolling Stones to their blues roots?

Beggars Banquet

When Eric Clapton began practicing to records, who was the blues artist that he tried best to imitate?

Big Bill Broonzy

Whose version of House of The Rising Sun did The Animals model their cover after?

Bob Dylan

Who was Jimi Hendrix's gamechanger?

Bryan "Chas" Chandler

Which Chicago Blues artist became the touchstone by which Jeff Beck could synthesize this 3 earliest influences directly into his own blues-oriented, lead guitar sound?

Buddy Guy

What was the reason Led Zeppelin grew beyond heavy blues/rockabilly in Led Zeppelin III?

Emphasis on the folk/acoustic bedrock giving their sound a new level of deepness, intricacy and eclecticism

Who was the lead singer of The Animals?

Eric Burdon

What was The Rolling Stones' greatest artistic achievement in an album format?

Exile On Main St.

Name the debut album of the Yardbirds

Five Live Yardbirds

Who were Jimmy Page's earliest folk and blues influences?

Folk 1. Bert Jansch 2. John Renbourn Blues 1. B.B. King 2. Elmore James

Name The Yardbird's first hit

For Your Love

As lead guitarist for this band, within the covers of Slim Harpo and Howlin' Wolf, which guitarist did Eric Clapton continue to emulate in his lead solos?

Freddie King

What was the last album of the Jimmy Miller era?

Goats Head Soup

What was the key for the Rolling Stones under Jimmy Page?

Going back to basics, Chicago blues

What would Bryan "Chas" Chandler do for Hendrix?

He became his manager and invited Jimi to return to Britain with him. He formed a band centered around Hendrix

What made Jimi Hendrix the consummate frontman with regard to his performance style?

He could play lead and rhythm guitar and sing simultaneously on stage in a very overt manner

Why did Eric Clapton leave The Yardbirds

He didn't like the musical direction they were going and constantly fought with the group

Instead of emulating or lightening up their blues influence on this album, what did Jeff Beck do to those blues influences?

He distorted and transcend these influences into something new

In the guitar solo in The Nazz Are Blue, what technique did Jeff Beck incorporate over the I IV V blues harmonic progression?

He incorporated a feedback loop almost completely throughout the entire solo

During Jimi Hendrix's performance at Monterey Pop Festival, what did he do that stole the show?

He lit his guitar on fire and smashed it on stage

Along with the Big Bill Broonzy influence, what did Clapton start doing with regard to playing blue notes which had a uniquely expressive feel?

He started to bend the strings into 'blues notes" giving the bended sound a expressive feel

What was the significance of Jimmy Reed's influence on Eric Clapton?

He started to emulate Reed's approach to playing repetitive boogie riffs in a 12-bar blues format inculcating with himself, an internal sense of musical structure

What device did Keith Richards use to make the main, repeated guitar riff in (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction sound like a horn section?

He used a Gibson fuzz tone box with a foot pedal

What kind of sound did Led Zeppelin II have as a result of Page's studio experience?

Heavy and harsh distortion

What was the traditional blues chord progression?

I IV V chord progression

What was Eric Clapton's first recorded single with this band?

I Wish You Could

What was the catalyst for the formation of The Rolling Stones?

Ian Stewart was holding auditions and invited Keith Richards, Mick Jagger, and Brian Jones to play Chuck Berry covers

How did Jimi Hendrix distort his influences with a makeshift fuzz box?

It distorted the notes and gave his guitar sound more heaviness and density

What was the significance of Five Live Yardbirds?

It showcased their live performance style that was more raw and intense than their studio recordings

Why did Eric Clapton hate For Your Love

It was their first pop release and he thought it was a sellout

What was Mick Taylor's final album with the Rolling Stones?

It's Only Rock n Roll

What do you call an improvised melody line inserted between sung verses?

solo

After Jimi Hendrix's New York City arrival, which well-established groups did he tour with as a sideman?

the Isley Brothers, Little Richard, King Curtis, and Ike & Tina Turner

Name Alexis Korner's band

Blues Incorporated

What were the four significant changes that Andrew Oldham, The Rolling Stones' manager, spearheaded?

1. He played up their bad-boy image 2. Got them a record deal with Decca Records 3. He fired Ian Stewart 4. Pressured Mick and Keith to start writing together

In Led Zeppelin's debut album, list its 4 unacknowledged covers and the artists who originated them

1. How Many More Times - Howlin' Wolf 2. Babe, I'm Gonna Leave You- Anne Braden 3. Black Mountain Side- Bert Jansch's 4. Dazed and Confused- Jake Holmes

Name 3 of Jeff Beck's earliest guitar influences

1. Influence to pick up guitar: Les Paul 2. Rock n' Roll influence: Cliff Gallup, lead guitarist for Gene Vincent & The Blue Caps 3. Jazz/country picking influence: Chet Atkins

Name at least seven of those blues artists

1. John Lee Hooker 2. Howlin' Wolf 3. Sonny Boy Williamson 4. Otis Rush 5. Buddy Guy 6. Elmore James 7. Willie Dixon

Name the six original members of The Rolling Stones

1. Mick Jagger- vocals 2. Keith Richards- guitar 3. Brian Jones- guitar 4. Ian Stewart- keyboards 5. Dick Taylor- bass 6. Mick Avery- drums

Which of the original members of The Rolling Stones left the group and who were their replacements?

1. Mick Taylor- replaced Brian Jones on guitar 2. Charlie Watts- replaced Mick Avery on drums 3. Ronnie Wood- would replace Mick Taylor on guitar 4. Bill Wyman- replaced Dick Taylor bass 5. Ian Stewart left the band but remained a touring member

Name five of Chess Records artists The Rolling Stones initially covered

1. Muddy Waters 2. Howlin' Wolf 3. Jimmy Reed 4. Bo Diddley 5. Chuck Berry

List 4 of Stairway To Heaven's eclectic highlights

1. Opens with an acoustic folk guitar accompanying a solo line played on a recorder 2. Entrance of an electric 12-string with bass accompaniment 3. Drums giving the tempo a faster feel 4. A majestic, grandiose bridge that leads to a heavy, blues, rock-influenced guitar solo

Name three songs (and their instruments) that were the result of Brian Jones' new interest of picking up new instruments

1. Paint It Black- the Indian Sitar 2. Under My Thumb- the Marimba 3. Lady Jane- the Dulcimer

Jeff Beck began mastering his experimental sounds with incredible technique. List at least 6 of those techniques

1. Playing at the top part of the guitar neck above the nut 2. Playing off the fingerboard adjacent to the pick-up 3. Detune the strings 4. Extreme over bending of the strings 5. Hammering his fist on the strings 6. Power chords 7. Feedback

How did The Rolling Stones focus on rhythm?

1. Rhythm guitars: Keith Richards and Brian Jones 2. Rhythm section: Bill Wyman on bass and Charlie Watts on drums

Name the four original songs by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards that the band did not record and the artists who did record them

1. That Girl Belongs to Yesterday - Gene Pitney 2. Surprise, Surprise- Lulu 3. Blue Turns to Grey- Cliff Richard 4. Take It Or Leave It- The Searchers

Name the three most important early British blues bands

1. The Rolling Stones 2. The Yardbirds 3. The Animals

Name the six reasons why white, middle class, British art students found black American blues so attractive

1. The raw intensity derived from the gospel-driven emotion and passion 2. The gritty, authentic sound 3. It was sexual 4. They thought it was truthful 5. It had mystique since it was hard to get blues records 6. It had artistic expression

With their debut album, the Jagger/Richards output was minimal and stylistically, and had a gritty blues sound. What were the gradually changes in their next album?

1. Their collaborative output will increase 2. They will sound less like gritty blues and become progressively more orignal

What were the keys to the originality of the British artists that made them different from their American counterparts?

1. They were African American and didn't experience racism 2. They were far removed from the hardships of day to day living 3. Opposed to a single front man format, they interpreted American blues as a group

How would you describe the following elements that Jimmy Page's artistry brought to Led Zeppelin?

1. Thick textures: The thick, multi-tracked texture would become so pervasive. it would cover it's blues influences 2. All-riff: everyone plays the same riff 3. Guitar solos: rapid-fire and at blinding speeds

By the end of 1967, The Rolling Stones had run of out steam. Who became their initial lifeline that would guide them through their most creative period?

Producer Jimmy Miller

What was the magic of Jimmy Reed's influence to Brian Jones and Keith Richards?

Reed understood the magic of repetition and minimalism in the catchy, repeated guitar riff

Which device did Jeff Beck use that enabled him to sustain notes while simultaneously distorting them?

Roger Mayer fuzz box

Name the Yardbirds most important album released in 1966

Roger The Engineer

Name Jimi Hendrix's first released single

Side A: Hey Joe Side B: Stone Free

Which Chess recording was among the first to benefit from this distribution arrangement?

Smokestack Lightnin' by Howlin' Wolf

Which single from Beggars Banquet was rock n roll-oriented with lyrics reflective of the antiwar protests riots of the late 60s?

Street Fighting Man

Name the first original song of the Jagger/Richards collaboration recorded by the band

Tell Me (You're Coming Back to Me)

What analog device enabled Jeff Beck to use varying degrees of reverberation and up to 12 echo settings?

The Binson Echorec

Who were the first to capture the sound of Chicago Blues in the recording studio?

The Chess Brothers, Phil and Leonard

At which venue did the Rolling Stones build their initial fan base?

The Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, Surrey

Name the first British blues hit in America and the band that recorded it

The House of the Rising Sun by The Animals

What was the original version of The House of The Rising Sun, who wrote it, and who was among the first to record it?

The Rising Sun Blues by John A. & Alan Lomax and recorded by Woody Guthrie

Who was the first breakthrough band to rise from the UK blues scene

The Rolling Stones

Who was Nanker Phelge?

The Rolling Stones' pseudonym

Name the Rolling Stones' debut album and the year

The Rolling Stones: England's Newest Hit Makers in May, 1964

What was Eric Clapton's first band?

The Roosters

Name the blues band that solidified Jeff Beck's legendary status

The Tridents

Roger The Engineer became a pivot point by which a new process would begin. What would this process lead to and eventually culminate in?

The advent of heavy metal in the late 60s

What was the result of The Rolling Stones focus on rhythm?

The band had a tight, well-oiled rhythm machine backing up Mick Jagger's voice and blues harmonica

What type of artist did British blues revisionism transform from a sideman to a front and center icon?

The guitar player

How did Led Zeppelin disguise their unacknowledged cover version, Whole Lotta Love?

The heavy, textured sound masked the cover

With the first power trio, The Cream (Eric Clapton, Jack Bruce, Ginger Baker), did they all improvise simultaneously?

They all had jazz improvisation influences and during extended guitar solo/improvisation section they would simultaneously improvise

What transformation would the background, sideman electric guitar experience as a result of this movement known as British Blues Revisionism?

They became an accomplished artist standing front and center

To what level did Led Zeppelin did take the process of heavy sounding, distorted electric blues?

They became the heaviest, most distorted blues band yet for this period

What was the Rolling Stones' limitation? What did they lack?

They didn't have a lead guitarist

In what alternative way did The Rolling Stones turn not having a lead guitarist into an advantage?

They focused on rhythm

How would you describe The Rolling Stones' alternative model compared to The Beatles' template?

They had a quintet setup with a lead singer compared to The Beatles' template of the self-contained electric guitar quartet

What was The Rolling Stones alternative personality in comparison to The Beatles?

They had a sleazy, bad-boy alternative to the lovable mop-tops Beatles

What was the significance of the addition of Ronnie Wood to The Rolling Stones in terms of the 2-guitar formula?

They ushered in a more muscular, metal-driven approach to their signature guitar riff

What was the musical focus of Jagger's and Richard's influences that would be the hallmark of the Jagger/Richards collaboration to come?

They were rhythmically focused, and their repetitive rhythmic influence would be the hallmark of their collaboration

Jimmy Page's fully developed unique sound was in part, a product of his eclectic background. This eclecticism was a combination of what?

Traditional electric blues, English acoustic folk music, Celtic folk music, and influences form Indian and Arabic music

How did Hendrix further distort his blues influences?

With flashy solos, use of feedback, extreme string-bending, and fuzz box technology, Hendrix distorted his blues influences

What original song was Whole Love by Led Zeppelin taken from and who first recorded it?

You Need Love by Muddy Waters

What was the traditional blues structure for lyrics?

a: same words a: same words b: different words for 1 stanza

What other sonic aspect made The Cream's sound completely different from conventional blues thereby creating a genre called heavy blues?

amplification