CHAPTER1-3 INTRO TO CJ
13. According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the top layer represent? a. celebrated cases b. serious felonies c. misdemeanors d. less-serious felonies
celebrated cases
This is sometimes called case law, judiciary law, or unwritten law. a. statutory law b. common law c. constitutional law d. tort law
common law
29. These are offenses committed by a corporation's officers who pursue illegal activity in the corporation's name. a. white-collar crime b. organized crime c. corporate crime d. hate crime
corporate crime
9. What is the number of Crime Index offenses divided by the population of an area called? a) Uniform Crime Reports b) clearance rate c) Part I Offenses s) crime rate
crime rate
. Actus reus, mens rea, and concurrence constitute this. a. corpus delicti b. an inchoate offense c. "guilty deed" d. stare decisis
guilty deed
Mens rea means "_____." a. not guilty b. an eye for an eye c. guilty mind d. guilty deed
guilty mind
This writ is issued to bring a party before the court. a. warrant b. stare decisis c. lex talionis d. habeas corpus
habeas corpu
An example of this type of offense is conspiracy. a. misdemeanor b. inchoate offense c. sensational crime d. terrorism
incohoate offence
This defense attempts to give physical or psychological reasons that a defendant cannot comprehend his or her criminal actions, their harm(s), or their punishment. a. insanity defense b. actus reus c. infancy d. alibi
insanity defense
23. This is the murder of three or more people in a single incident. a. group murder b. larceny c. serial murder d. mass murder
mass murder
22. This minor criminal offense is punishable by a fine and/or jail time for up to one year. a. felony b. murder c. misdemeanor d. rape
misdemeanor
21. Behaviors that are deemed undesirable because they offend community standards rather than directly harm people or property. a. property crime b. victimless crime c. white-collar crime d. misdemeanors
victimless crime
Written on an ancient stone tablet, this collection of over 250 laws covered a wide range of issues. a. Code of Justinian b. Magna Carta c. Ten Commandments d. Code of Hammurabi
Code of Hammurabi
This major English document contributed to U.S. law. a. Magna Carta b. Assize of Clarendon c. Constitution d. Code of Hammurabi
Constitution
According to the _____ Amendment, "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury . . ." a. Sixth b. Fifth c. Eighth d. Fourth
Fifth
. In 2015, Yakima, Washington, with a population of 249,480, reported 8,825 property offenses. What was the property crime rate? a. 2,201 property offenses per 100,000 inhabitants b. 28 property offenses per 100,000 inhabitants c. 3,537 property offenses per 100,000 inhabitants d. .03 property offenses per 100,000 inhabitants
IDK
7. This is the most extensive and useful measure of crime that is available. a) self-report studies b) victimization surveys c) Uniform Crime Reports d) dark figure of crime
Uniform Crime Reports
What is the number of Crime Index offenses divided by the population of an area called? a) Uniform Crime Reports b) clearance rate c) Part I Offenses s) crime rate
crime rate
26. In this form of theft, an offender takes possessions that do not belong to him or her with the intent of keeping them. a. larceny b. robbery c. burglary d. all of the above
larceny
According to one study, what was the percentage of hate crimes committed by perpetrators who were strongly committed to bigotry? a. 66 percent b. 25 percent c. 8 percent d. 1 percent
1 percent
. Which is not a reason that a victim would not report an offense? a. The victim may not know the offense happened. b. The victim fears reprisal. c. An offense may not be perceived as such. d. The victim may have committed the offense.
IDK
21. The advantage of the NIBRS over the UCR is that it allows law enforcement to precisely identify_____. a. the characteristics of victims and perpetrators b. when and where an offense takes place c. the form of an offense d. all of the above
IDK
27. Many offenses that enter the system are systematically excluded for several reasons, which include the following: a. cost b. discretion c. errors d. all of the above
all of the above
Laws must be _____. a. published in the criminal code b. enacted by the legislature c. enforced in a fair and evenhanded manner by the authorities d. all of the above
all of the above
Research has shown that children who are physically abused are at a greater risk for this. a. mental illness b. homelessness c. crime d. all of the above
all of the above
Usually the maximum incarceration for this type of offense is up to one year in jail. a. inchoate offense b. felony c. misdemeanor d. civil crime
misdemeanor
15. According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the bottom layer represent? a. celebrated cases b. serious felonies c. misdemeanors d. less-serious felonies
misdemeanors
Where are statutes published? a. the common law b. penal codes c. the Constitution d. the Bill of Rights
penal codes
Common law is based on this. a. precedent b. discretion c. penal code d. the Magna Carta
precedent
In 2015, Albuquerque, N.M., with a population of 905,803, reported 7,179 violent criminal offenses. What was the violent crime rate? a. 126 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants b. 793 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants c. 650 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants d. 7 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants
793 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants
Deborah's cell phone is stolen from her bag. Later, a census taker interviews her about the incident. Which term best describes this type of research? a. UCR study b. victimization survey c. self-report study d. National Incident-Based Reporting System survey
IDK
For rape and sexual assault victims, the criminal justice process is often called this. a. the second victimization b. the first victimization c. the prime victimization d. all of the above
IDK
How does the FBI currently classify arson? a. UCR Part II Offense b. NIBRS Group B Offense c. property crime d. violent crime
IDK
5. Why is it difficult to measure white-collar and corporate crime? a. Because the National Incident-Based Reporting System primarily reflects environmental crime. b. White-collar and corporate crime typically fall within state jurisdiction. c. Corporations over-report white-collar offenses perpetrated against them. d. Much of the investigation and regulation of corporate and white-collar crime is not done by law enforcement.
Much of the investigation and regulation of corporate and white-collar crime is not done by law enforcement.
Which is not one of the six arguments that can be employed in the defense against a criminal indictment? a. My client did not do it. b. My client did it but is insane. c. My client did it. d. My client did it for a good reason.
My client did it.
6. Why does the National Crime Victimization Survey not account for successfully completed drug transactions? a. The buyers do not consider themselves crime victims b. The hierarchy rule c. Because the Uniform Crime Reports already records them as crime d. all of the above
The buyers do not consider themselves crime victims
4. Sutton breaks into a house when the owner is away and looks for valuable items to steal. However, he does not find anything worth taking and leaves. The owner returns later and does not notice anything amiss, nor even realize that the house was entered. How will Sutton's offense be recorded? a. The offense will be recorded in the National Crime Victimization Survey as a victimization. b. The offense will be recorded in the Uniform Crime Reports as a burglary. c. The offense will not be recorded; it is part of the dark figure of crime. d. all of the above
The offense will not be recorded; it is part of the dark figure of crime.
According to Christie, which is not one of the six attributes typically associated with the idea of an innocent victim? a. The victim is weak in relation to the offender. b. The victim is minding his or her own business. c. The victim and perpetrator know each other. d. The victim is blameless.
The victim and perpetrator know each other.
10. According to Christie, which is not one of the six attributes typically associated with the idea of an innocent victim? a. The victim is weak in relation to the offender. b. The victim is minding his or her own business. c. The victim and perpetrator know each other. d. The victim is blameless.
The victim is minding his or her own business.
This type of law covers personal wrongs and damage and includes libel, slander, assault, trespass, and negligence. a. tort law b. substantive law c. civil law d. criminal law
Tort law
5. Why is it difficult to measure white-collar and corporate crime? a. Because the National Incident-Based Reporting System primarily reflects environmental crime. b. White-collar and corporate crime typically fall within state jurisdiction. c. Corporations over-report white-collar offenses perpetrated against them. d. Much of the investigation and regulation of corporate and white-collar crime is not done by law enforcement
White-collar and corporate crime typically fall within state jurisdiction.///
14. How many offenses are never reported to police? a. about one-third b. about ten percent c. about half d. about 80 percent
about eighty percent
This defense involves the defendant claiming not to have been at the scene of a crime during its commission. A) mens rea B) infancy C) insanity defense D) alibi
alibi
1. Which is a logistical obstacle to measuring crime effectively and efficiently? a. problems of definition b. problems of resources c. problems of politics d. all of the above
all of the above
17. In society, which of the following dictates what is acceptable and what is punishable? a. rules b. laws c. folkways d. all of the above
all of the above
2.Which of the following is an important factor in a criminal offense? a. the victim b. the perpetrator c. the criminal justice system d. all of the above
all of the above
Which issue guides precedent? a. predictability b. efficiency c. reliability d. all of the above
all of the above
Most definitions of victim precipitation assert this. a. The victim acted first during the course of the offense. b. The victim instigated the commission of the offense. c. both a and b. d. neither a nor b
c
In legal terminology, this is the state of a child who has not yet reached the specified age to be considered an adult. A) delinquency B) infancy C) minority D) all of the above
delinquency
25. Police officers, prosecutors, judges, and corrections officials use this to decide what happens to individual cases. a. statutes b. laws c. discretion d. warrants
discretion
This legal principle states that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense. a. double jeopardy b. lex talionis c. habeas corpus d. double standard
double jeopardy
16. These offenses are punishable by more than a year in a state prison. a. capital crimes b. felonies c. white-collar crimes d. misdemeanors
felonies
This type of offense includes murder, rape, assault, larceny, and arson. a. misdemeanor b. inchoate offense c. felony d. conspiracy
felony
Children in this age range account for the highest percentage of child abuse and neglect victims. a. from age 4 to age 9 b. from age 10 to age 14 c. from birth to age 3 d. from age 15 to age 18
from birth to age 3
19. The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. a. burglary b. robbery c. larceny-theft d. all of the above
robbery
15. In a high school class, a researcher hands out questionnaires that ask the students to identify any criminal offenses they have committed. Which term best describes this type of research? a. UCR study b. arraignment c. self-report study d. victimization survey
self report study
14. According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the second layer represent? a. celebrated cases b. serious felonies c. misdemeanors d. less-serious felonies
serious felonies
The legal principle in which courts are bound by the decisions of previous courts is called _______________. a. lex talionis b. habeas corpus c. nolo contendere d. stare decisis
stare decisis
This is a law enacted by a legislature. a. statute b. regulation c. rule d. bill
statute
This type of offense tends to involve offenses in which the public's welfare is at issue. a. civil offense b. status offense c. strict liability d. inchoate offense
strict liability
This type of law sets forth what behaviors are defined as crime. a. procedural b. tort c. substantive d. civil
substantive
24. This is the use or threat of violence against a state or other political entity in order to coerce. a. crime b. war c. feudalism d. terrorism
terrorism
What is the important difference between the criminal law and civil law? a. the type of attorney b. the type of judge c. Criminal cases require a jury; civil cases do not. d. the identity of the aggrieved party
the identity of the aggrieved party
2.Which of the following is an important actor in a criminal offense? a. the victim b. the perpetrator c. the criminal justice system d. all of the above
the victim
Which is not included in the typical definition of elder abuse? a. a victim who is over the age of 60 b. the victim is vulnerable c. the victim is not dependent on a caregiver d. trust between the victim and someone known to the victim is violated
the victim is not dependent on a caregiver
8. Which choice best describes the sources of error in the Uniform Crime Reports? a) unintentional and forced b) correct and incorrect c) unintentional and intentional d) accidental and forced
unintentional and intentional
3. Criminologists use this term to refer to instances wherein a victim plays an active role in initiating conflict. a) instrumental violence b) group violence c) victim precipitation d) chronic offender
victim precipitation
After the trial of James Holmes, who opened fire on an Aurora, Colorado, movie theater in July 2012, about 100 family members of the victims spoke in court about how the crime affected them. Which term best relates to this activity? a. acquittal b. victim-impact statement c. bench trial d. probable cause
victim-impact statement
12. Deborah's cell phone is stolen from her bag. Later, a census taker interviews her about the incident. Which term best describes this type of research? a. UCR study b. victimization survey c. self-report study d. National Incident-Based Reporting System survey
victimization survey
Which group of people is not included in considerations of victimization? a. the victims b. the families of victims c. victims' communities d. All of the above may be included.
All of the above may be included.
What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called? a. First Ten Amendments b. 10 Commandments c. Bill of Rights d. Code of Hammurabi
Bill of Rights
11. This is designed to gather data on each criminal act even if several acts are committed within the same complex of behavior. a. Part II Offenses b. National Incident-Based Reporting System c. Uniform Crime Reports d. FBI's 10 Most Wanted
National Incident-Based Reporting System
This is designed to gather data on each criminal act even if several acts are committed within the same complex of behavior. a. Part II Offenses b. National Incident-Based Reporting System c. Uniform Crime Reports d. FBI's 10 Most Wanted
National Incident-Based Reporting System
This annual FBI publication uses data from participating U.S. law enforcement agencies to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime. a. Ten Most Wanted List b. National Incident-Based Reporting System c. Uniform Crime Reports d. Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted
UCR
Which is one of the three criteria used to determine what behaviors are made criminal? a. the effects of the law b. the existence of other means to protect society from undesirable behavior c. the enforceability of the law d. all of the above
all of the above
Which part of the crime picture do the UCR, self-report studies, and victimization studies tend to miss? a. corporate crime b. drug sales c. organized crime d. all of the above
all of the above
30. The protection of this is an integral part of the functioning of law enforcement. a. individual rights b. personal feelings c. an efficient criminal justice system d. social location
an efficient criminal justice system
28. After searching a suspect who matches a description of a robber and finding a loaded handgun, Officer Cerezo handcuffs the suspect, reads him his rights, and drives him to the station to be placed in a holding cell. Which term best describes this activity? a. arrest b. deterrence c. stop d. frisk
arrest
. This type of law comes from judicial decisions and requires judges to consider how previous cases dealt with similar issues. a. case law b. criminal law c. tort law d. civil law
case kaw
. How does the FBI classify murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault? a. crimes against humanity b. sensational crimes c. Part II Offenses d. violent crimes
crimes against humanity
This type of law prescribes the methods for the enforcement and use of the law. a. substantive b. criminal c. civil d. procedural
procedural
18. These offenses include drug use, disturbing the peace, drunkenness, prostitution, and some forms of gambling. a. public-order crime b. property crime c. violent crime d. felonies
public-order crime
20. This criminal offense is committed during the course of business for financial gain. a. street crime b. property crime c. organized crime d. white-collar crime
white-collar crime
This type of law is enacted by legislatures. a. statutory law b. written law c. common law d. precedent
written law