Chapters 1-14
african american soldiers constituted what percentage of the union army
10 percent
by 1830, the number of americans in texas had reached
20,000
what percentage of southern white families owned slaves in 1860
25 percent
more than 250000 settlers crossed the plains between 1840 and 1860; how many were killed by hostile indians
400
How many men are estimated to have died in the civil war
750000
According the John C. Calhoun, How could south carolinians be exempted from paying the tariff
A state legislature could nullify a federal law it considered unconstitutional
Why did Federalists choose John Adams for their Presidential candidate in 1796
Alexander Hamilton was too controversial
what reason did Booth give for his killing of Abraham Lincoln on April 14 1865
America had to be saved from "****** Equality"
What was the title of the Union's plan to squeeze the confederacy into submission
Anaconda plan
During the Civil war
Approximately 2.1 million men served in the Union army
Infant mortality in the chesapeake region during the first century of English colonization was
Approximately on half of all children born
General sherman's troops liberated
Atlanta
in what battle did General George McClellan's army stop general Robert E. Lee's first invasion of Maryland in 1862
Battle of Antietam
SLaves had many different assignments in America, but what made all of the "slaves"
Being defined, treatted and defended as property
Who led Congress's diplomatic effort to secure recognition and assistance from France during the American Revolution
Benjamin Franklin
Most Scots- Irish settled
Between English settlers on the seaboard and Indian communities
What stood at the center of the economy for all plains Indians
Bison
Lincoln's claim that the union could not survive "half slave and half Free" earned him Stephen C. Douglas's taunt
Black republican
What was Congress's response when President Andrew Jackson refused to show them papers he had shared with cabinet members
Congress censured jackson
Although Andrew Jackson received the most electoral votes in the general election, in the end John Quincy Adams was named president with the support of Henry Clay. How did Jackson's supporters characterize this outcome
Corrupt bargain
A sharp decline in the Indian population followed the arrival of Europeans because
Diseases were introduced inadvertently by the Spanish
According to the Treaty of Ghent, signed on !2 24 1814
England agreed to remove its troops from the Northwest
On June 1, 1812 after continuing interference with American shipping, President Madison asked Congress to declare war on
England, Because the British navy continued to stop American vessels and impress American sailors into the British service
One result of the Emancipation Proclamation was
European nations no longer supported the confederate states of america
Most immigrants who followed missionaries to Oregon territory were
Farm families of modest means
Ferdinand and Isabella
Forced defeated people in Spain to convert to Christianity or leave the country
Who commanded all union forves when the Civil war began
General winfield scott
Southerners generally agreed that slavery was less efficient than free labor but believed slavery was the only way to
Get work done in an unproductive climate
German immigrants tended to settle
In the backcountry from Pennsylvania to the carolinas
what was accomplished by the second reconstruction act passed in july 1867
It ensured black suffrage by placing the army in charge of voter registration
How did the constitution of the confederacy differ from that of the United States
It states specifically that whites were superior to blacks
Even as suffrage was extended to all white males.
It was withdrawn from free African Americans, even where permitted previously
What was President Jackson's response to the bill that extended the charter of the Second National Bank
Jackson Vetoed the bill
who was the first presidential candidate of the New Republican party
John C. Fremont
Stephen A. Douglas first introduced a provision for popular sovereignty in the
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Where did violence erupt in Kansas over the competing constitutions that permitted and banned slavery
Lawrence
Abraham Lincoln lost the election in 1858 and his battle
Made lincoln a leading spokesman for the Republican Party
which of the following statements about Moctezuma is correct
Moctezuma II was also known as Montezuma
What prediction did Governor DeWitt Clinton make regarding the Erie Canal
New York City would become the emporium of the world
banned slavery from expanding in territory north of the Ohio River
Northwest ordinance
What is meant by the term "benevolent Empire"?
People as god's agents should care for other people
Who said that the United States was a "singularly happy" nation
President Martin Van Burren in his inaugural address in 1837
Medical practices during the Civil War were
Primitive
The Trail of Tears refers to
Removal of the cherokees from Georgia to India Territory
What rule of law was upheld in the case of Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819), a case concerning the charter of Dartmouth College
Rights of contract
Where did migrants father to begin their journey westward on the Oregon Trail
St. Joseph Missouri
Slave rice cultivators commonlu worked by the , which involved a specific assignment for a day's work
Task System
Beyond even racism, what motivated Southerners in their determination to expand slavery into western territories
The defense of property rights and ability to move that property
President Martin Van Buren agreed with President Andrew Jackson that
The federal government should not manage currency
what problem did the Half Way covenant try to address
The growing number of Anglo Indian Marriages
what slogan characterized the presidential campaign of 1840
Tippecanoe and tyler too
According to the philosophy Thomas Jefferson expressed in the Declaration of Independence, What was the Primary responsibility of government
To protect the natural rights of people
What agreement ended the war between the united states and mexico in 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo
What set Elias Boudinot apart from Cherokee tribal chief John Ross
Unlike Ross he understood the American Legal system
how was the fugitive slave law received in African American communities in the North
With terror, because they believed every African American was subject to slavery
What brought Britain and the United States to the Brink of war in 1837
a canadian rebellion
what kind of economy developed rapidly in Texas in 1820
a cotton economy dependent on slavery
ending participation in the international slave trade by the united states had what effect
a flourishing domestic slave trade arose
According to those who envisioned total development of the continent in the nineteenth century, America would eventually become what
a highway for transporting goods and culture
how many voters would have had to swear allegiance to the union under the wade davis bill
a majority
What was the consequence of the senate's killing the original package of the compromise of 1850
a new generation of leaders took over congress
what did the republican party nomination of Ulysses Grant for president in 1868 signify
a retreat of the republican party from radicalism
At gettysburg battlefield, President Lincoln said that the Civil War had become
a test of democracy and the principle of human equality
after the civil war, north carolina witnessed
a wave of violent assaults against black people
What criticism did radical republicans have of the Freedmen's Bureau
agents sided with landowners against the interests of freed people too often
ratification of the new constitution was
all of the above
What group first organized educators to teach literacy skills to former slaves
american Missionary assocation
Discussions about women's citizenship and intellectual capacities
applied only to prosperous white women
how had a majority of americans come to regarding voting by the 1820s
as an emblem of liberty, but only for whites
The fench colony of Louisiana
attracted so few colonists that officials used it as a place to relocate criminals
The swiss protestant reformer John Calvin
believed God ordained who wold be saved even before they were born
how did President lincoln want his generals to conduct the war
by coordinating attacks so southern armies would be engaged and unable to assist each other
how were children of the wealthy usually educated prior to the civil war
by private tutors
Following the battle at San Jacinto, Texans made Sam Houston their first president and
called for texas to be annexed to the united states
Although the freedmen's bureau mostly dealt with labor relations, these often spilled over into matters of
civil rights
what is meant by the term "redemption"
cleansing the Republican party of the taint of corruption and scandal
discussion of women's rights was
common in both European and American circles
Moderates in the continental congress
conceded that war preparations were indeed necessary
black codes
confined black freedoms with laws that singled out blacks for unequal treatment
To win the civil war, the north had to
defeat the armies of the confederacy
to win the civil war, the north had to
defeat the armies of the confederacy
To reduce the power of the second national bank before its charter expired, president jackson
deposited all federal revenue in state or "pet Banks"
which of the following were the results of the panic of 1819
each statement is accurate
Under the Mexican plan for the development of Texas, the Mexican government agreed to place immigration in the hands of what group
empresarios
what impact did revolutionary ideals have on African slavery in the former english colonies
every state north of Delaware banned slavery
Who would have jurisdiction in fugitive slave classes following passage of the compromise of 1850
federal commissioners
the liberty party
fielded its first candidate in 1840
how did charles g finney's teachings differ from traditional calvinist beliefs
finney believed humans could accept or reject divine grace
after the death of Joseph Smith in 1844, most latter-day saints
followed brigham young to utah
written in 1829, "an appeal to the colored citizens of the world," by david walker called for
free and slave blacks using violence if necessary to abolish slavery
the liberty party was replaced by the
free soil party in 1848
Those also known as separatists
gave up on reforming the church of england
who did confederate president jefferson davis send to charleston to seize Fort sumter and defend the harbor
general p. g t. Beauregard
was founded as a philanthropic venture and a military- commercial outpost
georgia
Most blacks who held elected office in southern states during reconstruction
had been free in prewar period
Most Blacks who held elected office in southern states during Reconstruction
had been free in the prewar period
Justice Roger Brooke taney ruled that congress had erred in the Missouri Compromise because that body
had infringed on the property rights of southerners by banning slavery from the territory
How did Judge John Marshall use the case of Marbury v. Madison to expand the authority of the Supreme court
he established the Court's judicial review to rule on the constitutionality of executive and legislative actions
What was Andrew Jackson's attitude on the protective tariff in the 1820s
he favored some level of pretectionism
what was president andrew jackson's reaction to the ruling
he refused to enforce it
what was president jackson's response to nullification
he requested congress to pass the force bill supporting his effort to enforce federal law
what was president johnson's stand on the fourteenth amendment
he urged southern states to reject the amendment
how did President lincoln dispose of the wade davis bill
he used the pocket veto
although president John Quincy Adams was a wise man, his presidency is characterized by all of the following except
his wife's poor health, ehich kept him from focusing on the nation's problems
What was the most surprising outcome of the presidential election
how close the republican party came to victory
who were the primary targets of the American nativist movement
irish Catholics
Why was the American Party also known as the Know- Nothing party
it began as a secret society
Which statement about the Emancipation proclamation is not correct
it eliminated slavery in the united states
the battle of Antietam had what important political consequence in addition to its military significance
it enabled president lincoln to issue the prelininary Emancipation proclamation
what did the reconstruction of Act of March 2, 1867 provide
it established former confederate states as territories and divided them into military
what was the first accomplishment of the fourteenth amendment
it overruled the Dred Scott case defining citizenship
to what did the term "whig" refer when applied to jackson's opponents
it suggested that jackson ruled like a king instead of an elected official
How did sharecropping help shape the social system of the postwar south
it tied the southern economy to agriculture, particularly cotton
how did sharecropping help shape the social system of the postwar south
it tied the southern economy to agriculture, particularly cotton
The Glorious revolution, in addition to making parliament the most powerful branch in British government, had what result
it ushered in a period of political stability that enabled Britain to become the world's most powerful nation
What policy did the new Republic of Texas follow with regard to its status among nations
it wanted annexation to the united states as soon as possible
why did supporters of women's suffrage oppose ratification of the fifteenth amendment
it would subject elite, educated women to the rule of base and illiterate males, especially immigrants and blacks
the missouri compromise was a devastating defeat for
james monroe
the election of 1796 was won by
john adams
Under the sharecrop system
landowners provided land, tools, seed, and work animals
After 1815 about half of the members of the U.S. congress were engaged in what profession
law
What policy regarding slavery did president abraham lincoln state in his inaugural address
leaving slavery alone in the south
Why did corn cultivation move so far northward from Mesoamerica
like other goods and practices corn cultivation traveled north on the Mississippi river
Why did Massachusetts frequently support imperial war efforts
many in that colony looked to conquer French Quebec
The civil rights bill of 1866
marked the first time the federal government intervened in the due process of states
what effect did reports of violence against freed people have on congress
moderate republicans were radicalized
What changes did former slave women face in their personal relationships with husbands during reconstruction
most traded slavery for patriarchy
most internal migrants
moved only short distances
Wampanoag chieftan Metacom, or king philip
occupied land claimed by massachusetts, plymouth, and Rhode Island
to what does the practice of "squatting" refer to
occupying public land without purchasing it
women were particularly drawn to shakerism
of a belief in the spiritual equality of women and men
what was the policy of the united states regarding a canadian rebellion against Great Britain in 1836-1837
official neutrality
A chief example of English civil liberty was the right to be taxed
only by duly elected representatives
why did democrats argue that their party should prevail in the election of 1856
only the democratic party could prevent the breakup of the union
New england shippers
opposed a war against England
stephen c. douglas
opposed the lecompton constitution
abolitionist followers of william lloyd garrison generally
opposed violence to achieve an end to slavery
The death of the shawnee leader Tecumseh marked the end of what
organised Indian resistance to white advances east of the mississippi river
How did indians react to the american revolution
overall, more indians sided with England than with the rebels
african slavery, because it was based on race, was
perpetual
why did slave codes assign slaves status as personal property rather than real property
personal property management was more flexible
Republicanism represented a growing body of thought on the role of government that believed that
power is always dangerous and those who wield it must be watched
planters in south carolina
preferred to live in elegant houses in Charleston than on their plantations
Why did confederates open fire on fort sumter on april 12 1861
president Jefferson Davis had to prove his authority
at the founding of the nation, suffrage was restricted by gender, race, and
property ownership
What motivated most confederate soldiers to serve in the army
protecting their homes from Yankee Invaders
what did black most expect from government
public services especially universal education
those who advocated a harsh peace for the south and citizenship for former slaves were called for
radical republicans
when douglas divided Nebraska Territory into two territories, he expected popular sovereignty to
result in one slave state and one free state
Catharine Sedgwick's novel The Poor Rich Man and the Rich poor man
romanticized urban poverty and suggested that "true wealth" lay within the reach of everyone
which of the following was not something andrew jackson had done as a young man
run for local office
when cherokee leaders appealed to president Jackson for help, he
said it was his duty to support the state in the exercise of its rights
reformers refocused their attention in the 1830s on what social needs
self control and external restraint
Which Indian group opposed its removal to indian territory longest
seminoles
The American board of commissioners for foreign missions
sent missionaries to china, africa, and asia
what labor system for former slaves develop soon after plantation owners reclaimed their land after the civil war
sharecrop systems
The loss of territory to whites caused indians to
shift from agriculture to a more nomadic way of life
What was the greatest impediment to the annexation of Texas to the United States
slavery
What was the primary platform of the free soil party in the election of 1848
slavery should be barred from all territories
who were joseph E. brown and Zebulon Vance
southern governors more interested in states' rights than confederate vistory
When the French revolution began in 1789 most americasn
supported the revolution, partly because France had helped the united states in its revolution against england
as president andrew jackson believed
that he spoke for the nation on all matters
George Rapp, Who also thought the Second Coming of Christ was imminent, believed
that members should amass material wealth to place at Christ's disposal
what did free black leaders think were the true motives of the American Colonization Society's effort to repatriate blacks in Africa
that they were mostly interested in getting rid of free blacks
William lloyd garrison was
the advocate of "immediatism"
which of the following was not a confederate advantage
the confederate navy
By the end of Andrew Jackson's Administration
the democratic party had grown too diverse to remain stable
What motivated harriet beecher stowe to write Uncle tom's cabin
the fugitive slave law
what was the waltham system
the integration of textile production from fiber to finished clothes
what liberty did southerners try to protect with their secession
the liberty to own, buy, sell, and transport slaves
the proposer of the compromise of 1850 gathered all its elements into a single pieve of legislation known as
the omnibus bill
what type of individual typified the "New Middle Class"
the self made man
what prompted moderate republicans to grow increasingly more radical during reconstruction
the violence aimed at freed people
What was proclaimed in the Monroe Doctrine
the western hemisphere was in the sphere of influence of the united states
What most distinguished irish immigrants from general american society
their catholic religion
what did henry clay and john c. calhoun hace in common in 1812
they argued fiercely for war and the capture of canada
How did farmers under the leadership of Daniel Shays hope to end the collection of debts
they shut down the courts
the american anti slavery society increased membership because
they traveled across the northern states speaking out about abolishing slavery
What did New England teacher Laura M. Towne observe about freed African Americans in her south carolina classroom
they were eager to learn
which amendment to the constitution officially ended slavery, or "involuntary servitude" in the united states
thirteenth amendment
Why did separatist communities withdraw from daily contact with the outside world
to create a more perfect society here on earth
What was the primary purpose of the american bible society
to distribute bibles in cities and frontier settlements
Why did some Americans withdraw into covenanted communities
to prepare for the end of days
why did some americans withdraw into covenanted communities
to prepare for the end of days
Why did congress submit the olive branch petition to king george
to preserve unity with the moderates
what was the intent of the tenure of office act
to prevent the president from firing a cabinet member with consent of the senate
why did congress exact the Ku Klux Klan Act in 1871
to protect a free and fair vote in the south
What was England's strategy in the first part of the American revolution
to punish and isolate boston because england believed resistance to English policy was centered in new england
for what purpose did the rev. ezra stiles ely establish the society for supporting the gospel
to work with indigents in urban shelters
the female moral reform society
tried to reclaim women from prostitution
The french and Indian war began
virginians led by George washington attacked a french scouting party near the forks of the Ohio
President Lincoln's plan for reconstruction required 10 percent of what group to swear future loyalty to the united states
voting population of a state in 1860
New immigrants usually found work as
wage laborers in cities
how did most people reach their destinations in the west
walking beside wagons carrying precious cargo
advanced education at the college level in the antebellum period
was available only for males
Draft resistance in the confederacy
went beyond anything the union had experienced
To Andrew Jackson's way of thinking, who was the quintessential "common man" in American politics
western settlers struggling to bring new land under cultivation
what was at stake in the aroostook war
whether timber in the aroostook valley belonged to Canada of the United States
what group provided the "backbone" of the benevolent empire
women volunteers
the organization of new political groups such as the working men's party provides evidence that
workers lacked confidence in existing parties