Chapters 1, 2 & 3 Head & Neck Anatomy

Tongue Circumvallate papillae

10-14 large mushroom shaped have taste buds

TEST!!! By 40 years of age all sutures are fused together!!

40 years

Perforation

Abnormal hole in a hollow organ, such as the wall of a sinus

Sagittal plane

Any plane of the body created by an imaginary plane parallel with the median plane

Proximal

Area closer to the median plane of the body. Ex) The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.

Inferior

Area that faces away from the head and toward the feet of the body.

Superior

Area that faces toward the head of the body, away from the feet.

Medial

Area that is closer to the median plane of the body or structure

Lateral

Area that is farther away from the median plane of the body or structure. Away from the medial plane.

Distal

Area that is farther away from the median plane of the body. Ex) The hand is distal to the elbow.

Articulation

Area where the bones are joined to each other.

Gingival margin

At the gingival margin of each tooth is the nonattached or marginal gingiva forms the sulcus

Superficial

At, near, or relatively close to the body surface. Ex) The skin is superficial to underlying structures.

Dorsal

BACK of an area of the body. Think dorsal fin on a dolphin is located on its back!

Lacrimal glands

Behind the eyelids deep within the orbit and product lacrimal fluid, tears.

Bridge of nose

Bony structure inferior to the nasion

Mental region

Chin is the major feature. Mental protuberance is the prominence of the chin.

Floor of the mouth

Covered with mucous membrane. In the midline, a mucosal fold, the Frenulum, connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth. On each side of the frenulum a small papilla has the opening of the duct of the submandibular gland. A rounded ridge extending backward and laterally from the papilla is produced by the sublingual gland. Ridge of tissue on each side of the floor of the mouth, the sublingual glands. Together these folds are arranged in a V shaped configuration form the lingual frenulum to the base of the tongue. The sublingual folds contain duct openings form the sublingual salivary gland. The small papilla or sublingual caruncle at the anterior end of each sublingual fold contain the duct openings from both the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

Fossa

Depression on a bony surface, deeper than a sulcus

Interdental gingiva

Extension of attached gingiva b/w the teeth

Ventral

Front of an area of the body

Suture

Generally immovable articulation in which bones are joined by fibrous tissue. Lines that help hold bones together while fusion takes place!

Palate

Incisive papilla ( nerve and blood supply) hard palate soft palate palatine rugae medial palatine raphe

Notch

Indention at the edge of a bone

Incisura

Indention or notch at the edge of the bone

Nasion

Inferior the the gabella it is a landmark of the nasal region

Bones

Mineralized structures of the body that protect internal soft tissue and serve as the biomechanics basis for movement. Have TWO main functions.

Canal

Opening in bone that is long, narrow and tube-like

Fissure

Opening in the bone that is narrow and cleft-like

Meatus

Opening or canal in the bone

Aperture

Opening or orifice in bone

Condyle

Oval bony prominence usually involved in joints.

Parietal and occipital regions

Parietal "Paired" there is two! Sits between the frontal and occipital.

Frontal plane

Plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body at any level into anterior and posterior parts.

Horizontal plane

Plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body at any level into superior and inferior parts.

Median plane

Plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves.

Anatomic Position

Position in which the body is erect, with arms at the sides, palms and toes directed forward, and eyes looking forward.

Tongue

Prominent feat. of oral region. TEST!!! The base of the tongue attaches to the floor of the mouth, which technically DOES NOT LIE WITHIN THE ORAL CAVITY, but within the throat. The anterior 2/3 is in the oral cavity!

Crest

Roughened border or ridge on the bone surface

Mucogingival junction

Scallop shaped line of demarcation b/w the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa.

Frontal section

Section of the body through ANY frontal plane

Transverse section

Section of the body through ANY horizontal plane.

Midsagittal section

Section of the body through the median plane

Pharynx

Serves the respiratory and digestive systems. Divided into 3 parts. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. We look at the oropharynx. We do not see any of the laryngopharynx.

Foramen

Short, window-like openings in bone, various sizes.

Joint

Site of junction or union b/w two or more bones. TM Joint-3 Bone (COMPLEX)

Ostium

Small opening in bone

Contralateral

Structure on the opposite side of the body

Ipsilateral

Structure on the same side of the body

Skeletal system

System that consists of bones, their associate cartilage, and the joints.

Epiglottis

TEST!!

Trapezius

TEST!!

Thyroid cartilage "ADAMS APPLE"

TEST!! At the anterior midline, the largest of the larynx cartilages, the thyroid cartilage, is visible at the laryngeal prominence "ADAMS APPLE", especially in males. The cartilage is superior to the thyroid gland, which is palpated during an extra-oral exam.

What does the frontal region include?

TEST!! Forehead, and the area superior to the eyes. (Frontalis)-Muscle that covers the forehead.

Surface Anatomy

TEST!! Study of the structural relationships of the external features of the body to the internal organs and parts. What is on the surface relative to what is under it.

Tongue Filiform papillae

TEST!!! Does NOT contain taste buds!! "velvet surface"

Palatine tonsils

TEST!!! Know where these are located!!

What 3 movements does the mandible have?

TEST!!! 1. Close and Open= Elevation and Depression 3. Protrusion (forward) and Retraction (backwards) 3. Lateral

Auricle

TEST!!! Auricle Helix External acoustic meatus Tagus Intertragic notch Antitragus Lobule

Where is the supraorbital ridge?

TEST!!! Just inferior to each eyebrow (Males) (Corrugator Supercilii)

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

TEST!!! Moves 2 directions! 1) Rotation, about 25 mm, of our average of 40 mm of opening come because of rotation. 2)Translation gives us the additional 15mm.

Hyoid

TEST!!! Only bone that does not connect to another bone. Horseshoe shape Many muscles are attached to it, which controls the position of the base of tongue.

Frontal eminence

TEST!!! PaThe prominence (slight bulge) of the forehead. (Women and children)

Vertical dimension of the face

TEST!!! Faced divided into thirds

Golden proportion

TEST!!! Guidelines used to consider the facial view of the anterior teeth or the vertical dimensions of the face to create a pleasing proportion.

Lingual papillae of the tongue

TEST!!!! Foliate-TASTE BUDS, lateral border Fungiform-TASTE BUDS, dorsal/apex Circumvallate-TASTE BUDS, dorsal/posterior Filiform-NO TASTE BUDS, dorsal "velvety surface"

12 regions of the head

TEST!!!! Frontal #1 Occipital #6 Auricular #5 Nasal #9 Zygomatic #4 Oral #10 Parietal #2 Temporal #3 Orbital #7 Infraorbital #8 Buccal #11 Mental #12

Temporal and auricular regions

TEST!!!! The temporal region includes the temple area, as well as the superficial side of the head posterior to the eyes. (Temporalis) Temporalis- muscle and it is 1 of 4 muscles that help to contract the lower jaw!!!! The auricular (ear) region is composed of an auricle (oval flap of ear) and the external acoustic (auditory) meatus. The EAM is a tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear within the skull.

Sternocleidomastoid

TEST!!!! Extends downward from the skull and mandible to the clavicles(collarbone) and sternum. The large strap muscle, the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) divides each side of the neck diagonally into an anterior cervical triangle and posterior cervical triangle. One of two muscles that control the lower jaw.

Gingival landmarks

TEST!!!! Labial frenum Maxillary teeth mandibular teeth Alveolar mucosa(unattached) mucogingival junction attached gingiva(if moves perio disease) labial frenum

Glabella

TEST!!!! Smooth, elevated area between the eyebrows. Mainly in females and children.

Orbital region

TEST!!!! The eyeball and all its supporting structures are contained in the bony socket or orbit. Sclera- white area Iris-circular area of coloration Pupil-appears black in middle of eye

Corrugator Supercilli

TEST!!!!! Inferior to each eyebrow. In males it is more thicker and pronounced. Corrugated supercilli muscle is a classic indicator of chronic pain.

Tongue Foliate papillae

Taste buds

Deep

Toward the interior of the body; farther from the surface. Ex) The bones of the thigh is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscles.

Eminence

Tubercle or rounded elevation on a bony surface

Philtrum

Vertical groove superior to upper lip midline

Larynx

Voice box

Vermillion border of the lips

Zone of darker appearance than the surrounding skin

Mandibular vestibule

horseshoe shape C

Maxillary vestibule

horseshoe shape F

Gingival sulcus

inside. #6

Tongue Lingual tonsil

irregular masses of lymphoid tissue

Mucocutaneous junction

lips are outlined from surrounding skin by a transition zone. Separates the lips from skin.

Oral region

lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of mouth, and parts of the throat.

Root of nose

located b/w the eyes

Nasal septum

midline separates the nares

Tongue Fungiform papillae

mushroom, taste buds

Nares

nostrils (opening)

Nasal region

primary feature of the region is the nose

Alveolar mucosa

red, thin, movable, in vestibule

Parotid papilla

small flap of tissue that protects the parotid duct opening. Located on the inner buccal mucosa, opposite the maxillary second molars.

Attached gingiva

tight, thick, pink gingiva

Labial/facial

toward the lips

Buccal/labial

toward the lips/cheek

Palatal

toward the palate

Lingual

towards the tongue

Labial commissure

where the upper and lower lips meet at each corner of the mouth

Ala

wing like cartilaginous structure forming lateral borders. Landmark for dentures.