Chapters 1, 2 & 3 Head & Neck Anatomy
Tongue Circumvallate papillae
10-14 large mushroom shaped have taste buds
TEST!!! By 40 years of age all sutures are fused together!!
40 years
Perforation
Abnormal hole in a hollow organ, such as the wall of a sinus
Sagittal plane
Any plane of the body created by an imaginary plane parallel with the median plane
Proximal
Area closer to the median plane of the body. Ex) The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.
Inferior
Area that faces away from the head and toward the feet of the body.
Superior
Area that faces toward the head of the body, away from the feet.
Medial
Area that is closer to the median plane of the body or structure
Lateral
Area that is farther away from the median plane of the body or structure. Away from the medial plane.
Distal
Area that is farther away from the median plane of the body. Ex) The hand is distal to the elbow.
Articulation
Area where the bones are joined to each other.
Gingival margin
At the gingival margin of each tooth is the nonattached or marginal gingiva forms the sulcus
Superficial
At, near, or relatively close to the body surface. Ex) The skin is superficial to underlying structures.
Dorsal
BACK of an area of the body. Think dorsal fin on a dolphin is located on its back!
Lacrimal glands
Behind the eyelids deep within the orbit and product lacrimal fluid, tears.
Bridge of nose
Bony structure inferior to the nasion
Mental region
Chin is the major feature. Mental protuberance is the prominence of the chin.
Floor of the mouth
Covered with mucous membrane. In the midline, a mucosal fold, the Frenulum, connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth. On each side of the frenulum a small papilla has the opening of the duct of the submandibular gland. A rounded ridge extending backward and laterally from the papilla is produced by the sublingual gland. Ridge of tissue on each side of the floor of the mouth, the sublingual glands. Together these folds are arranged in a V shaped configuration form the lingual frenulum to the base of the tongue. The sublingual folds contain duct openings form the sublingual salivary gland. The small papilla or sublingual caruncle at the anterior end of each sublingual fold contain the duct openings from both the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
Fossa
Depression on a bony surface, deeper than a sulcus
Interdental gingiva
Extension of attached gingiva b/w the teeth
Ventral
Front of an area of the body
Suture
Generally immovable articulation in which bones are joined by fibrous tissue. Lines that help hold bones together while fusion takes place!
Palate
Incisive papilla ( nerve and blood supply) hard palate soft palate palatine rugae medial palatine raphe
Notch
Indention at the edge of a bone
Incisura
Indention or notch at the edge of the bone
Nasion
Inferior the the gabella it is a landmark of the nasal region
Bones
Mineralized structures of the body that protect internal soft tissue and serve as the biomechanics basis for movement. Have TWO main functions.
Canal
Opening in bone that is long, narrow and tube-like
Fissure
Opening in the bone that is narrow and cleft-like
Meatus
Opening or canal in the bone
Aperture
Opening or orifice in bone
Condyle
Oval bony prominence usually involved in joints.
Parietal and occipital regions
Parietal "Paired" there is two! Sits between the frontal and occipital.
Frontal plane
Plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body at any level into anterior and posterior parts.
Horizontal plane
Plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body at any level into superior and inferior parts.
Median plane
Plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves.
Anatomic Position
Position in which the body is erect, with arms at the sides, palms and toes directed forward, and eyes looking forward.
Tongue
Prominent feat. of oral region. TEST!!! The base of the tongue attaches to the floor of the mouth, which technically DOES NOT LIE WITHIN THE ORAL CAVITY, but within the throat. The anterior 2/3 is in the oral cavity!
Crest
Roughened border or ridge on the bone surface
Mucogingival junction
Scallop shaped line of demarcation b/w the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa.
Frontal section
Section of the body through ANY frontal plane
Transverse section
Section of the body through ANY horizontal plane.
Midsagittal section
Section of the body through the median plane
Pharynx
Serves the respiratory and digestive systems. Divided into 3 parts. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. We look at the oropharynx. We do not see any of the laryngopharynx.
Foramen
Short, window-like openings in bone, various sizes.
Joint
Site of junction or union b/w two or more bones. TM Joint-3 Bone (COMPLEX)
Ostium
Small opening in bone
Contralateral
Structure on the opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral
Structure on the same side of the body
Skeletal system
System that consists of bones, their associate cartilage, and the joints.
Epiglottis
TEST!!
Trapezius
TEST!!
Thyroid cartilage "ADAMS APPLE"
TEST!! At the anterior midline, the largest of the larynx cartilages, the thyroid cartilage, is visible at the laryngeal prominence "ADAMS APPLE", especially in males. The cartilage is superior to the thyroid gland, which is palpated during an extra-oral exam.
What does the frontal region include?
TEST!! Forehead, and the area superior to the eyes. (Frontalis)-Muscle that covers the forehead.
Surface Anatomy
TEST!! Study of the structural relationships of the external features of the body to the internal organs and parts. What is on the surface relative to what is under it.
Tongue Filiform papillae
TEST!!! Does NOT contain taste buds!! "velvet surface"
Palatine tonsils
TEST!!! Know where these are located!!
What 3 movements does the mandible have?
TEST!!! 1. Close and Open= Elevation and Depression 3. Protrusion (forward) and Retraction (backwards) 3. Lateral
Auricle
TEST!!! Auricle Helix External acoustic meatus Tagus Intertragic notch Antitragus Lobule
Where is the supraorbital ridge?
TEST!!! Just inferior to each eyebrow (Males) (Corrugator Supercilii)
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
TEST!!! Moves 2 directions! 1) Rotation, about 25 mm, of our average of 40 mm of opening come because of rotation. 2)Translation gives us the additional 15mm.
Hyoid
TEST!!! Only bone that does not connect to another bone. Horseshoe shape Many muscles are attached to it, which controls the position of the base of tongue.
Frontal eminence
TEST!!! PaThe prominence (slight bulge) of the forehead. (Women and children)
Vertical dimension of the face
TEST!!! Faced divided into thirds
Golden proportion
TEST!!! Guidelines used to consider the facial view of the anterior teeth or the vertical dimensions of the face to create a pleasing proportion.
Lingual papillae of the tongue
TEST!!!! Foliate-TASTE BUDS, lateral border Fungiform-TASTE BUDS, dorsal/apex Circumvallate-TASTE BUDS, dorsal/posterior Filiform-NO TASTE BUDS, dorsal "velvety surface"
12 regions of the head
TEST!!!! Frontal #1 Occipital #6 Auricular #5 Nasal #9 Zygomatic #4 Oral #10 Parietal #2 Temporal #3 Orbital #7 Infraorbital #8 Buccal #11 Mental #12
Temporal and auricular regions
TEST!!!! The temporal region includes the temple area, as well as the superficial side of the head posterior to the eyes. (Temporalis) Temporalis- muscle and it is 1 of 4 muscles that help to contract the lower jaw!!!! The auricular (ear) region is composed of an auricle (oval flap of ear) and the external acoustic (auditory) meatus. The EAM is a tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear within the skull.
Sternocleidomastoid
TEST!!!! Extends downward from the skull and mandible to the clavicles(collarbone) and sternum. The large strap muscle, the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) divides each side of the neck diagonally into an anterior cervical triangle and posterior cervical triangle. One of two muscles that control the lower jaw.
Gingival landmarks
TEST!!!! Labial frenum Maxillary teeth mandibular teeth Alveolar mucosa(unattached) mucogingival junction attached gingiva(if moves perio disease) labial frenum
Glabella
TEST!!!! Smooth, elevated area between the eyebrows. Mainly in females and children.
Orbital region
TEST!!!! The eyeball and all its supporting structures are contained in the bony socket or orbit. Sclera- white area Iris-circular area of coloration Pupil-appears black in middle of eye
Corrugator Supercilli
TEST!!!!! Inferior to each eyebrow. In males it is more thicker and pronounced. Corrugated supercilli muscle is a classic indicator of chronic pain.
Tongue Foliate papillae
Taste buds
Deep
Toward the interior of the body; farther from the surface. Ex) The bones of the thigh is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscles.
Eminence
Tubercle or rounded elevation on a bony surface
Philtrum
Vertical groove superior to upper lip midline
Larynx
Voice box
Vermillion border of the lips
Zone of darker appearance than the surrounding skin
Mandibular vestibule
horseshoe shape C
Maxillary vestibule
horseshoe shape F
Gingival sulcus
inside. #6
Tongue Lingual tonsil
irregular masses of lymphoid tissue
Mucocutaneous junction
lips are outlined from surrounding skin by a transition zone. Separates the lips from skin.
Oral region
lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of mouth, and parts of the throat.
Root of nose
located b/w the eyes
Nasal septum
midline separates the nares
Tongue Fungiform papillae
mushroom, taste buds
Nares
nostrils (opening)
Nasal region
primary feature of the region is the nose
Alveolar mucosa
red, thin, movable, in vestibule
Parotid papilla
small flap of tissue that protects the parotid duct opening. Located on the inner buccal mucosa, opposite the maxillary second molars.
Attached gingiva
tight, thick, pink gingiva
Labial/facial
toward the lips
Buccal/labial
toward the lips/cheek
Palatal
toward the palate
Lingual
towards the tongue
Labial commissure
where the upper and lower lips meet at each corner of the mouth
Ala
wing like cartilaginous structure forming lateral borders. Landmark for dentures.
