Chapters 1-6 American History
How did the Northwest ordinance of 1787 dictate how territories would eventually become states?
1- appoint a territorial governor and judges 2-when there were 5000 residents a temporary constitution can be made 3-when the population reached 60000 the state can write a constitution that can be approved by the senate
How did Americans ideas about republicanism differ
1-would succeed from self interest 2-would succeed if the people placed the nation above self interest
How many total amendments have been added to the Constitution since its adoption in 1788?
27 total amendments
What was the Missouri Compromise?
3 parts: Maine was a free state, Missouri was a slave state, everything above 3630 latitude line would be free, everything below would be slave. This applied to ONLY the Louisiana Purchase. Later overturned by the Kansas-Nebraska Act (possible synthesis point).
Which Constitutional compromise guaranteed that a portion of the Souths slaves could be counted toward their population, BUT also set a property tax on those same salves, defining them as "property" in the United States Constitutions
3/5 Compromise
What was added to the Constitution in order to get support from the Anti-Federalists
A bill of rights
What was the Louisiana purchase
A land deal between the United States and France, in which the US acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi river for $15 million
What was the result of the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811
A significant defeat for the Tecumseh's American Indian Confederation.
When did the Americans had real independence
After the treaty of Ghent
A Secretary of Treasury, George Washington named
Alexander Hamilton
What was the Alien Act
American residence requirement went from 5 years to 14 years and the president was allowed to deport or jail any alien considered undesirable
What were the details of the Judiciary Act of 1789?
An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States," was signed into law by President George Washington on September 24, 1789. Article III of the Constitution established a Supreme Court, but left to Congress the authority to create lower federal courts as needed.
What were the causes of the Whiskey Rebellion
An excise tax was passed to be levied on the manufacture of whiskey and this made these producers loose money
Why was President Washington reluctant to get the United States involved in the conflict in France?
As a new country he did not want to get into any war so he decided to stay neutral in the war
What happened at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
At the Battle of Fallen Timbers, on August 20, 1794, Wayne led American troops to a decisive victory against a confederation of Native Americans whose leaders included Chief Little Turtle.
According to the Great Compromise, how would representation in the House of Representatives be determined
Based on population
The Louisiana Purchase is significant because it did what for the nation
Because of this the American size more than doubled
Why did Tecumseh and The Prophet form an Indian Confederation to attack American settlers in the West?
Because the Native Americans and the colonists had a agreement that they would not move out west anymore.
The Embargo Act of 1807 stopped trade with whom
Britain and France
Explain the details of the Great Compromise.
Each state for representation based on population
According to the Great Compromise, how would representation in the Senate be determined
Each state would have the same number of representation
Alexander Hamilton's financial Plan included all of the following
Establish new nations credit worthiness(permanent debt) Creation on a new national debt. Creation of a bank of the United states. Raise revenue through taxes(whiskey) Imposition of a tariff and government subsidies.
What was the early American meaning of Republicanism
Everyone is equally subjected to the law no matter what
For fifteen million dollars, the United States was able to purchase the Louisiana Territory from which European country
France
The XYZ affair strained Americas relations with which European nation
France
How did President Washington respond to France's request for help during the French Revolution
George Washington on April 22, 1793 that declared the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war.
What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark Expedition through the Louisiana Purchase Territory?
He also purchases supplies needed for the Expedition. Robert Livingston and James Monroe conclude a treaty in Paris in which the United States purchases the 827,000-square-mile Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. Lewis writes to William Clark, asking him to co-lead the expedition up the Missouri.
John Marshall, Chief justice of the supreme Court is remembered most for doing what
He established the supreme courts role in the federal government.
George Washington's Farewell Address dealt with issues of
He told people not to get into entangled alliances
As Secretary of War, George Washington named
Henry Knox
What is Federalism
In a federalist government, the power is divided between the national government and other governmental units.
What were the arguments of the Anti-Federalists against the ratification of the Constitution? How were these arguments answered by the Federalists?
In the ratification debate, the Anti-Federalists opposed to the Constitution. They complained that the new system threatened liberties, and failed to protect individual rights. The Anti-Federalists weren't exactly a united group, but instead involved many elements.
What is the importance of the assumption of state debts
It established a permanent capital in the south.
In what ways was the transition from Federalist Adams to Democratic-Republican Jefferson considered to be a "Revolution of 1800"?
It made the 12th amendment- two separate elections for the President and the vice president
What did James Madison mean when he said, "We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us?"
It means that the constitution provided a strong foundation but was not a blueprint for governing.
What is the importance of the Excise tax
It protects the general public from unnecessarily heavy tax burdens
What did America gain through Pinckney's Treaty of 1795?
It resolved territorial disputes between the two countries and granted American ships the right to free navigation of the Mississippi River
What is Pinckney's Treaty (1795)?
It resolved territorial disputes between the two countries and granted American ships the right to free navigation of the Mississippi River as well as duty-free transport through the port of New Orleans, then under Spanish control.
What did Washington tell the nation, and the world, in his Neutrality Proclamation?
It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war
What is the importance of the establishment of the Bank of the Unite States
It would have the federal government as a major stockholder
What is the importance of Funding at Par
It would prove to the world that America is responsible and worth future investment
Why was Jefferson NOT automatically named President after the Election of 1800
Jefferson and Burr got the same number of electoral votes
The Supreme Court case of Marbury v Madison (1803) established what principle
Judicial Review
Identify at least two serious political problems that the early nation faced.
Lacked Unity, all 13 colonies had to agree to amend the articles
The united states gained unrestricted access to the Mississippi River in which treaty
Louisiana Purchase
What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions call on states to do in reaction to the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Madison hoped that other states would register their opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts as beyond the powers given to Congress. The Kentucky Resolutions, authored by Jefferson, went further than Madison's Virginia Resolution and asserted that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional federal laws.
Why was the Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison so important?
Marbury v. Madison, arguably the most important case in Supreme Court history, was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "judicial review" -- the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution.
What was the judiciary Act of 1801 and who were the "midnight judges"?
Midnight Judges Act. The Midnight Judges Act (also known as the Judiciary Act of 1801; 2 Stat. 89, and officially An act to provide for the more convenient organization of the Courts of the United States) represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court during the early 19th century.
The area of the country MOST OPPOSED to the War of 1812
New England colonies/ Federalists
The system of checks and balances was designed to ensure that
No branch of government would become too powerful
Identify THREE problems facing the nation under the articles of Confederation
No power to enforce taxes To Change a law 13 colonies had to agree Could not enforce the laws Could not regulate trade
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814?
On December 24, 1814, The Treaty of Ghent was signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium, ending the War of 1812. By terms of the treaty, all conquered territory was to be returned, and commissions were planned to settle the boundary of the United States and Canada.
How did the Treaty of 1818 between the United States and Great Britain affect the relationship of the two nations west of the Great Lakes region (in the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory)?
Provided for a ten year joint occupation of the Oregon Territory with Britain
What was the Monroe DOctrine
Said that no European countries could take over any new nations in the Western Hemisphere
Washington's Cabinets included all of the following Departments:
Secretary of state, treasury, war and chief lawyer
What was the Virgina and Kentucky resolutions
Secretly written by thoman jefferson and james madison telling the states to nullify the alien and sedition acts
How did the Land Ordinance of 1785 help settle the problem of land distribution?
Selled the land for cheap so that the farmers people would spread west in an orderly way
Explain the details of the Three-fifths Compromise.
Slave owners could now count slaves as property but they have to pay property taxes on them. They would also count towards the population count.
what were the provisions of the Treaty of Greenville?
The 1795 Treaty of Greenville attempted to bring an end to the Northwest Territory Indian Wars, which was a series of skirmishes between Americans and Native Americans in the Northwest Territory. The final battle of the war was the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August, 1794.
What was the XYZ affair
The American delegation planned to meet with the French foreign minister, Talleyrand. Instead the Directory sent three low-level officials called "X,Y,Z" whom demanded a 250,000 bribe for seeing Talleyrand
What is Jay's Treaty of 1794
The Americans and British signed a treaty stating that the Americans get the West of the Appalichain but many Americans were mad about this because it allowed British to keep going with their fur trade
What happened at the Battle of New Orleans?
The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815 between British troops led by General Edward Pakenham and American forces led by General Andrew Jackson. Despite being outnumbered 2:1, the Americans, who had constructed sophisticated earthworks, won a decisive victory against the British assault.
The United States declared war on Great Britain in 1812 for all of the following reasons
The British refused to stop seizing American ships, The British were not leaving the Northwest frontier, The British were supplying the Native Americans with good so they could attack the colonists.
Why was the Electoral College established?
The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The founding fathers established it in the Constitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens. ... A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President.
What was the purpose of the Embargo Act of 1807? How well did this work for the United States?
The Embargo Act of 1807 was an attempt by President Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress to prohibit American ships from trading in foreign ports. It was intended to punish Britain and France for interfering with American trade while the two major European powers were at war with each other.
What is the Franco-American Alliance of 1778
The Franco-American alliance was the 1778 alliance between the Kingdom of France and the United States during the American Revolutionary War. Formalized in the 1778 Treaty of Alliance, it was a military pact in which the French provided many supplies for the Americans.
Why and from whom did the United States purchase the Louisiana Purchase Territory in 1801?
The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 brought into the United States about 828,000 square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size of the young republic.
How did the Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 affect the relationship between the United States and Great Britain in North America?
The Rush-Bagot Pact was an agreement between the United States and Great Britain to eliminate their fleets from the Great Lakes, excepting small patrol vessels. ... Both agreements reflected the easing of diplomatic tensions that had led to the War of 1812 and marked the beginning of Anglo-American cooperation.
How did the national capital come to be established along the Potomac River in territory that had once belonged to Virginia
The South was mad that they would have to repay all of their taxes so Hamilton said that for a compromise they would move the capital to Virginia
What is the Treaty of Greenville of 1794
The Treaty of Greenville, formally titled Treaty with the Wyandots, etc., was a 1795 treaty between the United States and Indians of the Northwest Territory including the Wyandot and Delaware, which redefined the boundary between Indian lands and Whiteman's lands in the Northwest Territory.
What is the Treaty of paris 1783
The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.
Why did the United States finally call for war against Great Britain in 1812?
The United States declared war on Britain in 1812. It did so because Britain refused to stop seizing American ships that traded with France—Britain's enemy in Europe. Sometimes there were also seizures of American sailors. These seizures were known as impressment.
What is judicial review?
The power of the Supreme court to decide whether a law is constitutional or not
What were the provisions of Jay's Treaty?
The treaty made western settlers , were angry at it because it allowed the British to continue their fur trade on the American side of the US Canadian boarder
What big political problem arose from the Election of 1800? How was this resolved?
There was a tie in the number of votes. How this was resolved was electoral votes.
Why didn't the Founding Fathers simply amend the Articles of Confederation in 1787 like they were instructed to do?
They decided that they would just get rid of it and make a whole new one
In 1786 Daniel Shays and other Massachusetts farmers rebelled against the state government of Massachusetts. What were the causes of Shays's rebellion? What message was sent to the Founding Fathers with regards to the role of the national government in such an event?
They rebelled because they thought the taxes were unfair, the national government had no power
What did Democratic-Republicans say about the Alien and Sedition act
They said it was a violation of the first amendment
What was the Judiciary act of 1789
This law provided for a Supreme Court, three circuit courts and 13 district courts. It allowed state court decisions to be appealed to a federal court when constitutional issues were raised
What is the importance of the Protective tariff
This protects American manufacturing from foreign competition
As Secretary of State, George Washington named
Thomas Jefferson
Who were the primary authors of the papers known as the Federalist Papers and why did they argue for immediate ratification of the Constitution?
Three Federalists Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote a series of essays called The Federalist Papers. These essays explained the Constitution and defended its provisions. The documents were intended for the state of New York, though people from across the country read them.
The sedition Act allowed the national government to jail people for doing what
Treason, making false/bad statements about the government
How did President Washington react to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Washington hiked with federal troops and scattered the rebels without a loss of life
What were the issues that the US had with Britain that caused Washington to send John Jay to England?
What nation would control territories west of the Appalachian Mountains
When and how was the Constitution finally ratified?
When a bill of rights was proposed in Congress in 1789, North Carolina ratified the Constitution. Finally, Rhode Island, which had rejected the Constitution in March 1788 by popular referendum, called a ratifying convention in 1790 as specified by the Constitutional Convention.
The war 1812 and the Treaty of Ghent ended with an _________________ and a ___________________________________
armistice, return of all original boarders
The outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion helped establish the power of the federal government to do what
enforce laws
Identify at least two economic problems that the early republic faced
huge debt, no national government power
What were some of the common characteristics shared by most state constitutions after the American Revolution?
limited government, separation of powers
What is an excise tax
taxes put on luxury items
What is the Treaty of Ghent of 1815
was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Both sides signed it on December 24, 1814, in the city of Ghent, United Netherlands.