Chapters 11-13 Questions
c
About __________ of adults older than 80 report some degree of impairment in taste and smell. a. one-half b. three-fourths c. one-third d. two-thirds
d
African American grandmothers are more frequently involved in daily child care because nearly __________ of children in African American families are born to single mothers. a. 90% b. 30% c. 50% d. 70%
a
An American longitudinal study that followed adults through their 50s and 60s found that women were initially very involved with their grandchildren. What about men? a. Their involvement gradually increased to the level of women's involvement. b. They were initially less involved, but involvement gradually increased. c. They were initially very involved but lost interest. d. They were never involved.
c
As discussed in the text, which of the following is strongly related to the risk of experiencing a midlife crisis in middle adulthood? a. experiencing positive life events b. maintaining a high self-concept c. experiencing negative life events d. maintaining a low false-self
c
Crystallized intelligence represents a person's __________. a. scientific ability b. decision-making ability c. culturally-based knowledge d. adaptability
d
Developing countries are faced with difficult challenges in the decades ahead due to the rising old-age dependency ratio. The country with the most serious problem of all is __________. a. China b. South Africa c. Australia d. Japan
d
During what developmental period are individuals most likely to notice that it is more difficult to perceive images in sharp focus and to see in dim light? a. young adulthood b. late adulthood c. late teens d. middle adulthood
a
Eighty percent of people who are diagnosed with osteoporosis are women. Who is at greater risk for this phenomenon? a. people who are small and thin due to less bone mass to start with b. people who are obese c. people who have too much calcium in their diet d. people of African origin
a
If your relationship with your grandparents is like most people's, your grandparents think the relationship they have with you is __________. a. highly positive b. relatively negative c. relatively positive d. highly negative
c
Impairments in taste and smell in older adults can sometimes lead to __________. a. excessive gum chewing b. alcoholism c. malnutrition d. obesity
c
In regard to self-concept, which of the following is most consistent with an individual who possesses a high degree of self-acceptance? a. an individual who is less concerned with others' assessments than when he or she was younger and who is more inclined to assess him- or herself according to self-defined standards b. an individual with a single dimensional self who lacks an appreciation or knowledge of who he or she really is c. an individual who is aware and accepting of having a mix of good and bad characteristics but overall feels more positive d. an individual who sees him- or herself as being able to handle a variety of roles and responsibilities effectively
d
In the United States, parents in late adulthood reported that their children provided mainly what type of support? a. financial b. transportation c. medical d. emotional
a
In the United States, which ethnic group has the lowest life expectancy? a.African Americans b. Asian Americans c. Whites d. Latinos
b
Interventions to determine whether cognitive decline can be prevented or even reversed __________. a. found that only men and women from Asian American backgrounds show improvement b. resulted in significant improvement for a substantial proportion of participants c. have only been conducted with cross-sectional studies d. found that only men show significant improvement
c
Most children understand even in early childhood that death is __________. a. avoidable b. inevitable c. permanent d. discussable
b
Older adults often have some fears associated with death, such as suffering and pain, loss of self-control, and the __________. a. feeling that they did not accomplish what they wanted to in life b. effects of their deaths on loved ones c. regrets they had concerning certain life events d. knowledge that their lives are ending soon
a
On which of the following tasks would midlife adults tend to do more poorly than their younger counterparts? a. switching between assessing pairs of numbers as "odd or even" or as "more or less" b. remembering how to play a card game or a board game c. knowing the meaning of vocabulary words d. remembering historical events
b
Other than natural aging, which of the following is a known to increase the risk for hearing loss? a. sleep deprivation b. smoking cigarettes c. excess of calcium d. exposure to sun
a
Philip was watching a television show in which a doctor promoted reducing caloric intake as a means to increase longevity. The physician stated that if an individual reduced caloric intake by 30% to 50%, he or she might increase his or her life span by 50%. As discussed in the textbook, and related to this scenario, which of the following best describes the topic? a. a calorie-restricted diet b. a negative calorie diet c. a calorie miser diet d. a calorie-limited consumption diet
a
Research on midlife marriages in the United States has shown that __________. a. midlife married couples often describe their spouse as their best friend b. nearly three-fourths of midlife adults describe their marriage as "okay" or "acceptable" c. only those who report high levels of passion maintain high marital satisfaction in midlife d. most divorces take place during midlife as part of a "midlife crisis"
b
Sleep apnea is __________. a. slightly more common in women than among men b. substantially more common in men than among women c. slightly more common in men than among women d. substantially more common in women than among men
a
The Seattle Longitudinal Study found that increases in both __________ and __________ in middle adulthood contribute to the continued development of expertise. a. procedural knowledge; factual knowledge b. procedural knowledge; reaction time c. factual knowledge; processing speed d. procedural knowledge; working memory
c
The following description is of an individual in the early stages of __________: "Hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women. . . . Bones continue to thin, especially in women, and the thinning of the bones contributes to a stooped posture." a. middle adulthood b. early adulthood c. late adulthood d. young adulthood
c
What do Anne Case and Angus Deaton (2017) refer to when they describe "deaths of despair"? a. cancer, alcoholism, divorce b. unemployment, suicide, drug overdoses c. alcoholism, drug overdoses, and suicide d. suicide, alcoholism, unemployment
c
What is an alternative to HRT that is currently under investigation? a. high protein, low carbohydrate diet b. increased dosage hormonal therapy c. soy-based medicines d. massage therapy
b
What part of the chromosome is thought to be the location where cells lose their ability to replicate? a. free radicals b. telomeres c. antioxidants d. atherosclerosis
a
What to developmental psychologists call adults ages 75 to 84? a. old-old b. old c. oldest-old d. young-old
b
Where do most Hindus die? a. at a temple b. at home c. at a hospital d. at a church
b
Where does hospice care commonly occur? a. in a nursing home b. at home c. in a hospital d. in a cancer center
c
Which brain structure helps to transfer information into the long-term memory system? a. cerebellum b. reticular formation c. hippocampus d. frontal lobe
a
Which of the following are three lifestyle practices that are discussed in the text that have a positive influence on health? a. health care and promotion, a healthy diet, and healthy exercise b. aging gracefully, mental soundness, and physical well-being c. cession of smoking, use of sunblock, and avoidance of environmental teratogens d. health conscientiousness, a healthy community, and a healthy spirit
a
Which of the following best describes the ability to tune out irrelevant information? a. selective attention b. deprived attention c. divided attention d. sustained attention
d
Which of the following is an example of primary aging? a. coronary heart disease b. Alzheimer's disease c. wrinkled skin caused by years of sun tanning d. graying and thinning hair
c
Which of the following statements about life expectancies around the world is true? a. Men outnumber women among the oldest-old. b. Worldwide, at age 65 women have a longer life expectancy than men, usually by about 15 years. c. In the United States, past age 85 there are over 200 women for every 100 men. d. In the United States, among 65- to 69-year-olds there are 115 men for every 200 women.
d
Which of the following statements about midlife family relations is true? a. Generally, contact with siblings is higher in middle adulthood than it is at either earlier or later life stages. b. Across cultures, the youngest sibling usually ends up taking the majority of the responsibility for parents' care. c. In Western countries, people in late adulthood usually prefer to live with their midlife adult children. d. Midlife adults who are highly involved in a parent's care experience high rates of exhaustion and depression.
b
Which of the following statements about the old-age dependency ratio is true? a. It is lowest in Japan where individuals retire in their 70s. b. It is not an immediate problem in the United States because its population is growing due to immigration. c. It is not a problem for countries with low fertility rates. d. It is highest in developing countries, particularly in Africa.
a
Which statement is a finding that is consistent with the research used to assess wisdom? a. Wisdom is generally unrelated to age. b. People who hold leadership positions are more likely to score lower in wisdom. c. Wisdom correlates strongly with brain size. d. Wisdom is negatively correlated with educational levels.
a
Which the following best describes the transition from young adulthood to middle adulthood for a traditional woman from the country of India? a. from obedience to authority and power b. from enlightenment and nirvana to authority and power c. from free will and relaxation to stress and obedience d. from happiness and delight to stress and obedience
a
You are an African American and your 89-year-old grandmother is dying of lung cancer. Your family decides to use hospice care. Is the choice of hospice care unusual? a. Yes, somewhat since only 34% of African Americans use hospice care. b. No. Nearly 64% of African Americans use hospice care. c. Yes. Only 28% of African Americans use hospice care. d. No. Approximately 46% of African Americans use hospice care.
c
You are the youngest child in an American family that generally gets along well. Your older siblings have apartments of their own, and you just left for college. Your parents are probably feeling a mixture of __________. a. happiness and euphoria b. great loss and remorse c. loss and liberation d. sadness and depression
d
You recently saw your best friend from high school and asked how her parents were doing. She told you that they are healthy but that they do not really enjoy each other's company and that the passion that they once had is gone. They are not very committed to each other and share very little intimacy. According to Sternberg, what type of love are they experiencing? a. infatuated love b. consummate love c. liking/friendship d. empty love
a
Your father, who is a high school English teacher, is having some difficulty reading. This is causing him considerable frustration. He has a pair of reading glasses but loses them constantly because he is not really used to needing glasses. What type of treatment may help him see without the need for reading glasses? a. monovision correction b. retinal replacement c. binocular adjustment procedure d. cataracts
c
Your grandfather is having quite a bit of difficulty sleeping. Your grandmother told you that he sometimes stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer several times during the course of a typical night. What is the most common treatment for this difficulty? a. alcohol prior to bedtime b. sleeping in a chair c. a continuous positive airway pressure device d. prescription medications
a
Your grandmother is a 56-year-old smoker and just read an article concerning osteoporosis. The article stated that the likelihood of osteoporosis increases with age. What would you say to her about her risk factor? a. She should get yearly bone density checks and quit smoking. b. She should not worry about osteoporosis, you are sure that she will not have trouble. c. She should drink a lot of milk. d. She should start an exercise routine.
b
Your grandmother used to play the harp at her senior ladies group for many years. Lately, she has had some difficulty when she plays. She is having difficulty with what type of memory? a. task b. procedural c. performance d. instructional