Chapters 16-18

17. Please define representative democracy:

*A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.*

1. Which of the following best defines the term commodity?

*A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others.*

11. Which of the following best defines the term patrimonialism?

*A type of authority wherein military and administrative factions enforce the power of the master.*

15. Which of the following is not an example of underemployment?

*After his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them.*

7. The term xenophobia can best be defined as:

*An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.*

16. Kendra believes the U.S. government to be corrupt, and thinks that there should be no governing force to control people's lives. Kendra believes in:

*Anarchy*

8. Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in:

*Bartering*

13. Queen Noor of Jordan is a leader of which form of government?

*Constitutional monarchy*

20. Which of the following is an example of convergence theory in action?

*Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens. *

12. Apple computers ship their computer parts to India to be made, and station their tech support in India. This is an example of a:

*Global assembly line*

19. Many of the world's most powerful corporations have headquarters in New York City, which hosts endless influential events, and offers an advanced transportation infrastructure. New York City is a ______ city.

*Global*

11. What was the significance of NAFTA?

*It allowed freer trade opportunities for the United States, Canada, and Mexico.*

12. What was the significance of the famous case Reynolds v. Sims?

*It reaffirmed the concept that each person's vote should be counted equally.*

15. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is NOT a purpose of government?

*Lobbying for domestic corporate interests*

19. Which of the following contributes lower percentage of voter turnout from those who come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds?

*Lower-paying jobs frequently have less flexible hours, making time to vote difficult.*

16. Alex's country was once communist, but now allows limited private ownership of companies, and lets market forces determine production and pricing decisions. What kinds of economy is Alex living in?

*Market Socialist*

6. Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin's sociological perspective?

*Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger.*

13. Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of:

*Outsourcing*

9. By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a:

*Recession*

6. Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education?

*Social networks*

4. Terrence and his family own a farm in a remote region of Chile. They farm only enough to produce enough food to feed the family, and pay their taxes. What are Terrence and his family engaging in?

*Subsistence Farming*

10. In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and women to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in examining the lobbying movement?

*Symbolic interactionism*

3. During what time period did economies begin to develop globally?

*The Agricultural Revolution*

5. Which of the following is an example of polarization?

*The job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels.*

10. Which of the following best defines the term globalization?

*The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.*

17. What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable?

*The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work.*

2. Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment?

*Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.*

9. Communist regimes, which attempt to control all aspects of citizens' lives, are examples of which form of government:

*Totalitarian dictatorship*

14. The term mercantilism can best be defined as:

*When children tend to enter the same or similar occupation as their parents.*

8. The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as:

a. *A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.*

18. Hitler was an example of what kind of authority?

a. *Charismatic*

8. Which sociologist studied the power elite, and wrote the book entitled Who Rules America?

a. *G. William Domhoff*

7. What is the difference between an oligarchy and a monarchy?

a. *Members of an oligarchy do not necessarily achieve their status based on ties to noble ancestry, while members of a monarchy do.*

4. Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities?

a. *Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia*

14. Over the past decades, the turnout of minority voters has:

a. *Steadily increased*

11. Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience?

a. *Symbolic interactionism*

19. When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as:

a. *Tracking*

3. Traditional

a. Power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs

20. What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States?

a. Racism b. Socioeconomic status c. *All of the above*

16. Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

a. Set precedent for universal access to education in the United States

17. What is the Head Start Program?

b. *A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.*

10. Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity?

b. *Conflict theory*

2. Juan believes that battles such as the French Revolution are necessary for a country to preserve liberty, to maintain or gain land, and will ultimately lead to a more even distribution of wealth among a population. From which sociological perspective do Juan's thoughts come from?

b. *Conflict theory*

7. Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of:

b. *Cultural capital*

9. Which of the following is NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality?

b. *Mandatory tutoring*

14. Plessy v. Furguson

b. Allowed racial segregation in schools and private businesses

5. Rational-Legal

b. Power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws

1. Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country?

b.*Geographic distribution of male and female students*

12. The term sorting can be defined as:

c. *Classifying students based on academic merit or potential.*

6. Which sociological perspective would consider activism such as Occupy Wall Street and Teacher's Union rallies undesirable, because they force political change?

c. *Functiontionalism*

20. Which sociologist saw political conflict as the only means of promoting positive change for the underprivileged?

c. *Karl Marx*

3. Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack?

c. *Universal access*

15. Brown v. the Board of Education

c. Declared that state laws that had established separate schools for black and white students were unequal and unconstitutional

4. Charismatic

c. Power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities

18. Which of the following industries is not projected to experience growth within the United States within the next 10 years?

d. *Farming, Fishing, and Forestry*

18. To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as:

d. *Grade inflation*

13. Which sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture?

d. *Pierre Bourdieu*

1. How did Max Weber define power?

d. *The ability to exercise one's will over others*

2. The term formal education is defined by the text as:

d. *The learning of academic facts and concepts.*

5. Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education?

d. *Transmission of culture*