Chapters 8.3 - 8.4

During gel electrophoresis, on what basis are DNA fragments separated from each other? a. By the ratio of bases in each fragment b. By the length of each fragment c. By their electrical charge d. By differences in the sugar-phosphate backbones of fragments

b. By the length of each fragment

True or false: DNA could be isolated from a piece of chewed gum that was found at a crime scene. a. True b. False

a. True

True or false: If Joey and Michelle are siblings, their DNA fingerprints will have some bands in common. a. True b. False

a. True

True or false: Two people who are related are more likely to carry similar VNTRs. a. True b. False

a. True

DNA polymerase is a heat-sensitive enzyme. What is one thing that would need to be considered concerning the activity of this enzyme in PCR when the temperature is heated during each cycle to separate the DNA strands? a. that the DNA polymerase could be denatured b. that the DNA strands might melt c. that the primers might not work

a. that the DNA polymerase could be denatured

During PCR, what happens first as the mixture of primers, DNA, free nucleotides, and enzyme cools? a. Taq polymerase is inactivated. b. Primers bond to the DNA region of the complementary template. c. Taq polymerase initiates DNA synthesis. d. The DNA completely denatures.

b. Primers bond to the DNA region of the complementary template.

Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR instead of human DNA polymerase? a. Taq polymerase dissolves more easily than DNA polymerase. b. Taq polymerase can be manufactured more easily than human DNA polymerase. c. Taq polymerase can function at much higher temperatures than DNA polymerase. d. Taq polymerase can synthesize a daughter strand of DNA much more quickly than DNA polymerase.

c. Taq polymerase can function at much higher temperatures than DNA polymerase.

When is PCR particularly applicable? a. When speed is important but accuracy is not b. When there are large quantities of DNA to analyze c. When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze d. When the accuracy is important, but speed is not

c. When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze d. When the accuracy is

Prince Philip is a descendant of the Tsarina Alexandra's sister. Which of the DNA fingerprints from the bodies exhumed would have similarities to Prince Philip's DNA fingerprint, if those in the grave were indeed the Romanovs? a. the DNA fingerprints of all of the Romanovs b. only the DNA fingerprints of the children c. only the DNA fingerprints of the tsarina and all of the children d. only the DNA fingerprint of the tsarina

c. only the DNA fingerprints of the tsarina and all of the children

What is the correct sequence of events that occur in a PCR reaction? a. separation of DNA strands; use of DNA polymerase to produce a second strand of DNA; addition of primers b. use of DNA polymerase to produce a second strand of DNA; separation of DNA strands; addition of primers c. separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA d. addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA; DNA strand separation

c. separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by ___. a. adding alcohol b. treatment with an acid c. treatment with a strong base d. heating

d. heating

What is the goal of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? a. to compare repeated sequences of DNA b. to produce DNA that is resistant to high temperatures c. to measure the sizes of DNA fragments d. to produce many copies of a region of DNA

d. to produce many copies of a region of DNA