Chem 1010 Chapter 11 book answers

What type of linkage is created in the formation of a disaccharide?

C-O-C

Which of the following foods are rich sources of linoleic and linolenic acids? Select all that apply.

Leafy vegetables, fish, and plant oils.

Which of the following are essential amino acids?

Lysine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine

Lipids include _______. Select all that apply.

Oils, Steroids, Fats, and Triglycerides.

In most natural fatty acids the hydrogen atoms attached to the two carbons of the C=C double bond are on _____ side(s). This bonding arrangement is called _____.

The same; cis

Match each type of amino acid side chain to the principle types of interactions it exhibits both with other amino acids and with its surrounding environment.

side chains with -OH groups matches hydrogen bonding acidic and basic side chains matches ionic attractions nonpolar side chains matches London dispersion forces

The practice of tillage rotation _______. (Select all that apply.)

involves plowing the land but leaving it unplanted in alternate years increases the loss of topsoil by erosion

Foodborne illnesses may be caused by _______. Select all that apply.

parasites bacteria chemical toxins

How many amino acid residues are in a Gly-Ala-Asp polypeptide?

3

Which of the following options correctly describes a disaccharide?

A disaccharide is always composed of two identical monosaccharide units.

Which of the following options correctly describe the two important structural features of fatty acids?

A hydrocarbon chain that is typically made of 12-24 carbon atoms A carboxylic acid group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain

Which of the following options correctly describe monosaccharides? Select all that apply.

A monosacchride ring contains a oxygen atom. Monosaccharides are single sugars

Many poor neighborhoods are described as being "food deserts", meaning that the only food sources are convenience stores or fast food. This is an example of which primary issue for food security?

food access

The compound shown here, named ______, is a component of all triglycerides.

glycerol

Which of the following substances are sweeter than pure glucose? Select all that apply.

honey table sugar fructose

Minerals required for proper metabolism include ______. (Select all that apply.)

iron calcium

Glycerol ______. (Select all that apply.)

is an alcohol combines with fatty acids to produce triglycerides is used in manufacturing soaps and lotions

A single sugar containing a single ring consisting of four or five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom is called a _____.

monosaccharides

A dipeptide is formed from two amino acids that are linked through a _____ bond, which is an example of an amide functional group.

peptide

The side chains of amino acid residues in proteins are responsible for interactions between different parts of the protein and between the protein and its environment. Side chains that are _______ interact strongly with water, while ______ side chains are hydrophobic.

polar; nonpolar

Which of the following may be legislated to ensure food safety? Select all that apply.

processing by the manufacturer transportation handling during manufacture and transport food production

Once incorporated into the peptide chain, the amino acids are known as amino acid ________.

residues

Which of the vitamins shown in the diagram are water-soluble? Select all that apply.

riboflavin (vitamin B2) pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)

Match each agricultural practice to the impact it may have on water supply and quality.

Irrigation = depletion of aquifers and rivers Use of insecticides and herbicides = Contaimination of groundwater with toxic substances Fertilizer = increase in nutrient pollution

Excess glucose is polymerized to _______ with the help of insulin in the body.

Glycogen

Which statements describe a fat? (Select all that apply.)

They are solid at room temperature. They are mostly derived from animal sources.

What concerns about sugars should be addressed when planning your daily dietary intake? (Select all that apply.)

Too much sugar in the diet can cause health issues such as type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure The total amount of sugar consumed is more important than the type of sugar consumed.

The structure shown in the accompanying figure is a(n) _____.

amino acid

Polysaccharides ________. (Select all that apply.)

are made by the condensation of thousands of monosaccharide untis. Includes starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

Which of the following are artificial, low-calorie sweeteners commonly used in the United States? Select all that apply.

aspartame saccharin sucralose

Place the following artificial (synthetic) sweeteners in order of increasing sweetness, starting with the least sweet substance at the top of the list.

aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose

Which statements describe respiration? (Select all that apply.)

The process releases energy. The process occurs in all living organisms. The process converts glucose to CO2 and H2O.

Which form of sugar is the healthiest choice in a balanced diet?

complex polysaccharides

A dipeptide ______. (Select all that apply.)

contains a peptide bond is formed when two amino acids combine

A _____ is a compound formed from two amino acids.

dipeptide

A _____ is formed by joining two monosaccharide units together.

disaccharide

Triglycerides always contain three _____ functional groups.

ester

True or false: High doses of Vitamin A have no effect on the body because it is water soluble and excreted through sweat or urine if it is in excess.

false

Trans _____ are triglycerides that are composed of one or more trans fatty acids.

fats

Which of the following options correctly describe the structural characteristics that affect the solubility of vitamins? Select all that apply.

A vitamin that is composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms will be lipid-soluble. Nonpolar vitamins are lipid-soluble. A vitamin containing many -OH groups will be more soluble in water than in lipids.

Which of the structures shown represent fatty acids? Select all that apply.

A&D C is a carboxylic acid but it only has 8 carbon atoms in its chain. Fatty acids contain 12 to 24 carbon atoms in the chain. B does not contain a carboxylic acid group (CO2H). B is an alcohol.

Which of the following correctly and fully defines a fertilizer?

Any natural or synthetic material that is applied to soil or plants to supply nutrients for plant growth

Which system of land management for planting crops is considered the most favorable for productivity and soil quality in modern farming?

Crop rotation with different types of crop each year

Why must labeling indicate the quantity of trans fats in a particular food?

Eating trans fats has been found to increase the risk of heart disease

Match each issue with its description.

Food availability matches: having sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis Food access matches: having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutrition diet Food use matches: appropriate use of food based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation

How does food production impact global water supply and quality? Select all that apply.

Groundwater may be contaminated by insecticides. Irrigation may deplete aquifers. Water is polluted with excess nutrients such as nitrates due to fertilizer runoff.

Which of the following functional groups and structural characteristics are found in all amino acids? Select all that apply.

Hydrogen atom A side chain designated as R Amine Carboxylic acid

Which of the following options correctly describe oils and fats? Select all that apply.

Many oils are of plant origin. Most oils are liquids at room temperature. Oils and fats have similar chemical structures.

Which of the following options correctly describe proteins? Select all that apply.

Proteins are polymers. Proteins are constructed from amino acid monomers. Proteins are polyamides.

Which of the following options correctly describes the formation of a disaccharide? select all that apply

The formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharide units is a condensation reaction. A C-O-C linkage is created when the two monosaccharides are joined together.

Match each mineral with the type of ion it forms in the body.

calcium = Cation Phosphorus = Anion

Fertilizers typically provide a source of ________. (Select all that apply.)

carbon nitrogen phosphorous

Food labels in many countries must list the amount of _____ fats present in foods as these fats have been shown to increase the risk of heart disease.

trans

The two fatty acids shown in the diagram are both _____ isomers.

trans

True or false: Reducing meat and dairy consumption helps to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

true

_____ are organic compounds that have a wide range of physiological functions. They are essential for good health, proper metabolic functioning, and preventing disease.

vitamins

Which of the following options correctly describe vitamins? Select all that apply.

vitamins are essential for proper metabolic functioning Vitamins are organic compounds with a wide range of physiological functions Vitamins are essential for preventing disease

The monosaccharide shown is the _____ form.

β Reason: The α form has the OH group at carbon number 1 on the opposite side to the CH2OH group at carbon number 5.