Chem 2 Final 1 Blanton🔍

Oxidation number

# if electrons that must be added to or removed from an atom in a combined state to convert atoms into elemental forms

What does atomic number mean?

# of protons

Molecular

(more important) -shows actual number and kinds of atoms present in compound

3.40 x 10^-5 moles of Na2CO3 is how many grams?

0.0036 Na2CO3

0.750 grams of Na2CO3 is how many moles?

0.007 moles Na2CO3

Calculate the moles of 2.00 grams of H20

0.1moles of H2O

8.76 grams of NaOH is how many moles?

0.22 moles of NaOH

75.57 grams of KBr is how many moles?

0.64 moles of KBr

100. grams of KClO4 is how many moles?

0.72 moles KClO4

5 states of matter

1. Liquid-substance that can flow 2.solid-definite shape and volume 3. Gas-water vapor 4. Plasma-lightning 5. Condensate- reverse of evaporation

Property of proton

1.673 x 10^-27

Property of neutron

1.675 x 10^-27

6 different branches of chemistry

1.biochem-substances 2.theoretical-math and computers 3. Analytical-components and composition of materials 4.physical-properties and changes of matter 5.inorganic-non organic things 6. Organic-carbon containing compounds

1.500 moles of KCIO is how many grams?

135g KCIO

0.100 moles of KI is how many grams?

16.6 g KI

0.750 moles of NaOH is how many grams?

30g NaOh

0.200 moles of H2S is how many grams?

68g H2S

Property of Electron

9.109 x 10^-31

Scientific notation

A method of expressing a quantity as a number multiplied by 10 to appropriate power

Electronegativity

Ability of an atom to attract electrons

Aluminum perchlorate

Al(ClO4)3

Electron configuration

Al-> 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1 O-> 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Hexaboron silicide

B4Si5

Find the molecular formula of benzene if the entire formula is 78.12 g/mol

C=12 H=1 ------- 13g 78.12/13=6 Answer=C6H6

Benzene, a non polar solvent used for many applications in industry, is 92.3% carbon and 7.8% hydrogen. What is the empirical formula?

C=92.3% x100 =92.3c x 1mole/12g =7.69 H=7.8%x 100 =7.8h x 1 mole/1 =7.8 7.69/7.69=1 7.8/7.69=1.01 Answer=CH

CaCO3

Calcium carbonate

Physical change

Change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

Chemical change

Change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties

Physical property

Characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness

Metallic bonds

Chemical binding that results from attraction between metal atoms and surrounding sea of electrons

Octet rule

Chemical compounds form so each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons has 8 in outer shell

Chlorine dioxide

Cl2O

Cobalt (III) carbonate

Co2(CO3)3

Electron dot structure

Consist of an elements symbol with one dot for each valence electrons places about elements symbol

B2Br4

Diboron tetrabromide

N2O3

Dinitrogen trioxide

Heterogeneous

Dissimilar components

Energy level

Distance electron is from nucleus

Metric prefixes

Giga(G) Mega (M) Kilo(k) Hecto(h) Deka(da) Deci(d) Centi(c) Milli(m) Micro(u with a line down) Nano(n) Pico(p)

SI base unit for mass

Gram(g)

Hydrogen iodide

HI

Iodine pentafluoride

IF5

Properties of elements and how they relate to each other on periodic table?

Increasing atomic number, same valence electrons, and groups like the noble gasses

IO2

Iodite

What happens when you add or subtract electron?

Ion

What happens when you add or subtract a neutron?

Isotope

SI base unit for temperature

Kelvin (K)

PbSO4

Lead (II) sulfate

SI base unit for volume

Liters (L)

Ground state

Lowest energy state of quantized system

SI base unit for length

Meter (m)

Magnesium nitrite

Mg(NO2)2

What happens when you add another atom?

Molecule

Isomers

Molecules that have same molecular formula but has different arrangement of atoms in the space

Chemical bond

Mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds atoms together

Dinitrogen trioxide

N2O3

What happens when you add or subtract a proton?

New element

Noble gasses

One of the elements of group 18 on the periodic table;unreactive

Diatomic molecules

Only 2 atoms (HONBrFICl)

Phosphorus triiodide

PI3

Define and classify nonmetals

Poor conductors •groups 14-18

Ion

Positive or negative charge

K2CO3

Potassium carbonate

K3N

Potassium nitride

K2S

Potassium sulfide

Define and classify metalloids

Properties of metals and non metals;semiconductors •along zig zag line

Chemical property

Property of matter that described a substances ability to participate in chemical reactions

What makes up an atom?

Proton, neutron, electrons

Spin quantum number

Quantum number that describes the trinsic angular momentum of a particle

Density

Ratio of mass of substances to volume of a substance

Optical Isomers

Rotate in different directions; mirror image

Antimony tribromide

SbBr3

SI base unit for time

Second (s)

Define and classify metals

Shiny and they are conductors •blocks f & d

Strontium nitride

Si3N2

SiO2

Silicon dioxide

Tin(IV) oxide

Sn2O4=SnO2

NaBr

Sodium bromide

Homogenous

Something that has uniform structure or composition throughout

Excited state

State in which an atom has more energy than it does as its ground state

Chemistry

Study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes matter undergoes

SO2

Sulfur dioxide

List common acids

Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid,citric acid, acetic acid

CCl4

Tetrachloromethane

Continuous spectrum

The uninterrupted broad band of all colors

Photon

Unit or quantum of light; a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero test mass and carries a quantum of energy

Lone pair

Unshared

Noble gas configuration

Zr[Kr] 4d^2 5s^2 Ir[Xe] 4f^14 5d^1 6s^2

Angular orbital quantum number

determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital. S,p,d,f

Multivalent compounds

elements with two or more possible charges -multivalent means more than one meaning -1 only=Ag -+1,+2=Cu, Hg -+2,+3= Cr, Ni, Fe, Co -+2, +4= Pb, Sn

Dark-line spectra

line spectrum produced by the passage of white light through an ionized gas or vapor.

Empirical

lowest whole number ratio of atoms

how to find oxidation number of elements

relates to how many electrons needed to become stable