Chem Ch 13
With respect to reactivity, oxygen is best classified as A) highly reactive. B) somewhat reactive. C) relatively unreactive. D) comparable to helium in its reactivity.
A
Volcanoes release large amounts of the pollutant ________. A) HCN B) NO2 C) SO2 D) NH3
C
Which one of the following is NOT a property of radon? A) unreactive B) tasteless C) odorless D) nonradioactive
D
A term that describes the relationship between O2 and O3 is A) allotropes. B) isomers. C) conformers. D) transformers.
A
An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a A) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air. B) lower layer of warm air is trapped by an upper layer of cooler air. C) lower layer of oxygen rich air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen deficient air. D) lower layer of oxygen deficient air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen rich air.
A
In terms of reactivity, ozone is best classified as A) very reactive. B) somewhat reactive. C) unreactive. D) similar to He.
A
In the troposphere, the reactivity of CFCs is A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) comparable to neon.
A
London smog is attributed primarily to A) the burning of coal. B) automobile exhaust. C) sunlight and nitrogen oxides. D) ozone.
A
Ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) are A) allotropes. B) isoelectronic. C) isomers. D) isotopes.
A
Radon is released from soil and rock where it is produced because radon is a A) gas. B) liquid. C) solid. D) plasma.
A
Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form A) SO3. B) S2O3. C) S3O5. D) H2SO4.
A
The day starts out bright and sunny. Later, a brown haze develops. This indicates the presence of A) nitrogen dioxide. B) ozone. C) carbon dioxide. D) carbon monoxide.
A
The major source of photochemical smog is A) automobile emissions. B) industrial emissions. C) fossil fuel power plant emissions. D) nuclear power plant emissions.
A
The presence of nitrogen dioxide in smog is most easily recognized by A) color. B) smell. C) taste. D) chemical analysis.
A
The term greenhouse effect is derived from the fact that A) greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse. B) increasing global temperatures will make the earth a better greenhouse. C) green things absorb heat energy most efficiently. D) the effect is caused by green plants.
A
The ultimate source of radon in the environment is from the radioactive decay of naturally occurring A) uranium. B) plutonium. C) xenon. D) carbon.
A
The word smog is believed to have originated in A) London. B) Los Angeles. C) Mexico City. D) Buenos Aires.
A
What percentage of hydrocarbons found in the atmosphere result from human activity? A) 15% B) 45 % C) 75 % D) 95 %
A
Which of the following greenhouse gases is MOST efficient at trapping heat? A) CFCs B) CH4 C) CO2 D) H2O
A
Which of the following pollutants has the least environmental effect? A) carbon monoxide B) nitrogen oxides C) ozone D) sulfur oxides
A
Which of the following statements about catalytic converters is NOT correct? A) The reaction surface area is unrelated to the efficiency of the converter. B) They use a metal catalyst such as Pt or Pd. C) They catalyze the conversion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides to less harmful compounds. D) The catalyst adheres either to a honeycomb support or to small ceramic beads.
A
A secondary reaction in the formation of photochemical smog is A) 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2. B) NO2 + sunlight → NO + O. C) O + O2 → O3. D) O3 + hydrocarbons → aldehydes.
C
Acid rain is precipitation with a pH A) above 10. B) above 7. C) below 5.6. D) below 2.
C
An electrostatic precipitator is a device used A) in the laboratory study of pollution. B) to precipitate ions in water. C) to remove particles from smokestack gases. D) to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.
C
Even if all CFC production could be stopped today, the ozone depletion problem in the stratosphere would continue for many years because A) some nations would not follow the ban. B) CFCs are produced naturally in the troposphere. C) CFCs are widespread and very stable in the troposphere. D) ozone is naturally depleted by sunlight.
C
Hemoglobin is the blood protein responsible for the transport of oxygen. Carbon monoxide disturbs oxygen transport by A) destroying hemoglobin. B) destroying oxygen in the lung. C) binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen. D) destroying lung alveoli.
C
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are good substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) because A) they are also greenhouse gases. B) C-F bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere. C) C-H bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere. D) they are too heavy to reach the stratosphere.
C
In the removal of pollution, the most expensive fraction of pollution to remove is the A) first fraction. B) middle fractions. C) last fraction. D) The cost is constant across all fractions removed.
C
In the stratosphere, oxygen (O2) is converted to ozone (O3) by high energy ultraviolet light. When the equation is written and balanced using whole number coefficients, the coefficient of oxygen is A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4.
C
In the stratosphere, the reactivity of CFCs is A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) comparable to neon.
C
Ozone is a very strong A) acid. B) base. C) oxidizing agent. D) reducing agent.
C
The industrial fixation of nitrogen to produce nitrogen fertilizers has drastically increased food supply primarily because A) plants need nitrogen. B) plants fix nitrogen slowly. C) the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth. D) nitrogen in the atmosphere has decreased over the past two centuries.
C
The main difference between air pollution problems today and problems in the past is A) global warming. B) less polar ice. C) it is now a worldwide problem. D) less rainfall.
C
The major source of all air pollutants in the United States is A) industrial emissions. B) residential emissions. C) motor vehicle emissions. D) natural sources.
C
The metal catalyst in catalytic converters is often A) iron. B) gold. C) platinum. D) zinc.
C
The most abundant component of dry air is A) argon. B) carbon dioxide. C) nitrogen. D) oxygen.
C
Usually the symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is A) shortness of breath. B) uncontrollable shaking. C) drowsiness. D) yellowing of the eyes and skin.
C
Which of the following is most commonly used to remove sulfur dioxide from smokestack gases? A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) limestone-dolomite process D) wet scrubbers
C
Which of the following statements is true of oxygen and nitrogen at normal temperatures? A) Both nitrogen and oxygen are highly reactive. B) Nitrogen is highly reactive, but oxygen is not. C) Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not. D) Neither nitrogen nor oxygen is highly reactive.
C
Which one of the following is NOT one of the principal components required for photochemical smog? A) nitrogen oxides B) hydrocarbons C) sulfur dioxide D) sunshine
C
With respect to reactivity at normal temperatures, nitrogen is best classified as A) highly reactive. B) somewhat reactive. C) relatively unreactive. D) comparable to helium in its reactivity.
C
All of the following contribute to increasing indoor air pollution levels EXCEPT A) gas kitchen stoves. B) mold. C) improving insulation and sealing air leaks around windows and doors. D) All of the above contribute to increasing indoor air pollution.
D
All of the following statements about a closed ecosystem are correct EXCEPT: A) Ecosystems require a constant source of sunlight to provide energy. B) Animal wastes provide the necessary nitrogen for the ecosystem. C) Plants produce O2 from the CO2 given off by animals. D) Biosphere II is a highly successful example of a problem-free closed ecosystem.
D
All of the following statements about carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the United states are true EXCEPT A) carbon monoxide make up over 60% (by mass) of all air pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. B) the concentration of carbon monoxide is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. C) people exposed to carbon monoxide have a higher risk of heart attacks. D) the major source of carbon monoxide emissions is industrial sources, such as metal processing.
D
At the high temperature in an internal combustion engine, a fraction of the nitrogen in air is converted to A) carbon monoxide. B) carbon dioxide. C) ammonia. D) nitrogen oxides.
D
Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of all of the following EXCEPT A) asthma. B) ear and sinus infections. C) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). D) All of the above risks are higher.
D
In December, 1952 in London, a four-day-long atmospheric inversion created the worst smog in history. The death toll ultimately attributed to the smog was estimated at A) 10. B) 100. C) 2000. D) over 8000.
D
In order for nitrogen to be used by most plants and all animals, it must be A) separated. B) purified. C) liquefied. D) fixed.
D
Increasing the atmospheric concentration of which of the following gases would contribute to global warming? A) carbon dioxide B) CFCs C) methane D) All of the above would contribute to global warming.
D
Indoor air cleaners are often advertized. However, some air cleaners actually generate which of the following pollutants? A) CFCs B) radon C) mold D) ozone
D
Kilauea volcano in Hawaii emits 200-300 tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere each day. This is an example of A) the impact of natural processes on the earth's environment. B) air pollution from a natural source. C) the magnitude of the chemistry associated with the environment. D) The Kilauea volcano is an example of all of the above.
D
Most hydrocarbons in the atmosphere in rural areas arise from A) automobile exhaust. B) evaporation of gasoline. C) industrial emissions. D) natural sources.
D
Nitrogen is converted to nitrates by which of the following reactions? A) N2 + O2 + energy(lightning) → 2 NO B) 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 C) 3 NO2 + H2O → 2 HNO3 + NO D) All of these reactions are involved in converting nitrogen to nitrates.
D
One of the results of ozone pollution in an urban environment is A) destruction of glass windows. B) decomposition of granite buildings. C) cracking of sidewalks. D) shortening the life of automobile tires.
D
Pure rainfall (rainfall undisturbed by human influences) has a pH of approximately 5.6. The pH of rain in some areas has been measured at 2.6. The acidity of this rain is A) three times that of normal rain. B) 10 times that of normal rain. C) 100 times that of normal rain. D) 1000 times that of normal rain.
D
Removal of particulates from smokestack gases A) decreases the plant's energy efficiency. B) creates a solid waste disposal problem. C) increases the costs of producing energy. D) All of the above result from removal of particulates.
D
Running an engine with a richer (more fuel, less air) combustion mixture lowers nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles. The problem is that A) hydrocarbon emission increases. B) carbon monoxide emission increases. C) fuel efficiency decreases. D) all of the above occur.
D
Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to form A) sulfur dioxide. B) sulfur monoxide. C) sulfurous acid. D) sulfuric acid.
D
The World Health Organization (WHO) rates which pollutant the worst? A) carbon monoxide B) hydrocarbons C) nitrogen oxides D) sulfur oxides
D
The impact of CFCs on the ozone layer is amplified by the fact that A) CFCs replicate in the stratosphere. B) CFCs decompose before reaching the stratosphere. C) CFCs react with oxygen to produce many reactive intermediates. D) one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
D
The layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the surface of the earth is the A) mesosphere. B) stratosphere. C) thermosphere. D) troposphere.
D
The second most abundant component of dry air is A) argon. B) carbon dioxide. C) nitrogen. D) oxygen.
D
The two principal sources of acid rain are ________ emissions from power plants and ________ emissions from automobiles and power plants. A) sulfur dioxide, ozone B) ozone, carbon monoxide C) carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide D) sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide
D
Which is classified as a greenhouse gas? A) carbon dioxide B) chlorofluorocarbons C) methane D) All of these are greenhouse gases
D
Which of the following contributes LEAST to the problem of photochemical smog? A) nitrogen oxides emitted by cars B) hydrocarbons emitted by cars C) warm, sunny days D) cool, wet days.
D
Which of the following human activities contributed to the pollution of our ancestral air? A) discovering, making, and using tools B) discovery and use of fire C) the development of crop farming D) All of these contributed.
D
Which of the following is a form of nitrogen fixation? A) N2 + O2 + energy(lightning) → 2 NO B) N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 C) N2 + bacteria → nitrates D) All are forms of nitrogen fixation.
D
Which of the following is true about O2 and O3? A) They are elemental forms of oxygen. B) They are molecules of oxygen. C) They are called allotropes. D) All of the above are true.
D
Which of the following is used to remove particulate matter from smokestack gases? A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) wet scrubbers D) All of the above are used to remove particulate matter.
D
Which of the following statements about particulate particles is NOT correct? A) They are easier to remove from factory exhaust than sulfur dioxide is. B) They can sometimes be seen in the air as dust or smoke. C) Particles that are less than 10 µm in diameter are more dangerous than larger particles are. D) Less than 10% of the counties in the United States have particle pollution levels that exceed the EPA's standards.
D
Which one of the following is NOT a property of carbon monoxide? A) odorless B) tasteless C) colorless D) undetectable
D
Sulfur dioxide is readily absorbed in the respiratory system where it is A) soothing. B) a powerful irritant. C) mildly irritating. D) unreactive.
B
The complete oxidation of coal produces A) carbon monoxide (CO). B) carbon dioxide (CO2). C) particulate matter. D) soot.
B
The concentration of which component of the atmosphere has increased dramatically since the beginning of the industrial era? A) argon B) carbon dioxide C) oxygen D) nitrogen
B
The layer of the atmosphere in which the ozone layer is found is called the A) biosphere. B) stratosphere. C) troposphere. D) ionosphere.
B
The most important of the minor components of dry air is A) argon. B) carbon dioxide. C) helium. D) neon.
B
The primary reaction in the formation of photochemical smog is A) 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2. B) NO2 + sunlight → NO + O. C) O + O2 → O3. D) O3 + hydrocarbons → aldehydes.
B
The reaction 2 CaO(s) + 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 CaSO4(s) is the basis of A) electrostatic precipitators. B) chemical SO2 scrubbers. C) particulate removal. D) The reaction is the basis of all of the above
B
Unburned carbon produced during the inefficient burning of coal is called A) ash. B) soot. C) carbon dioxide. D) clinkers.
B
Which component of the atmosphere is predicted to continue to rise in the foreseeable future? A) argon B) carbon dioxide C) nitrogen D) oxygen
B
Which of the following statements about ozone is correct? A) Ozone is a pollutant in both the troposphere and the stratosphere. B) Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere. C) Ozone is a pollutant in the stratosphere but not in the troposphere. D) Ozone is a not a pollutant in either the troposphere or the stratosphere.
B
Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) The temperature of the mesosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface. B) The temperature of the stratosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface. C) The temperature of the stratosphere rises as you get farther from the earth's surface. D) The temperature of the troposphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.
B
A definition of a pollutant is a chemical A) in the wrong place but at the right concentration. B) in the wrong place and at the wrong concentration. C) in the right place but at the wrong concentration. D) in the right place and at the right concentration.
B
A major source of oxygen on Earth is A) ozone. B) ocean based phytoplankton. C) animals. D) decomposition of water in the oceans.
B
All of the following gases come in part from natural sources except A) carbon dioxide. B) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). C) nitrogen oxides. D) sulfur dioxide.
B
Carbon monoxide pollution is best described as a(n) A) rural problem. B) urban problem. C) global problem. D) Carbon monoxide pollution is none of the above.
B
Catalytic converters on automobiles are designed to reduce the emission of A) nitrogen oxides. B) carbon monoxide. C) carbon dioxide. D) sulfur oxides.
B
Most hydrocarbons in the urban areas arise from A) burning coal. B) processing and use of gasoline. C) industrial emissions. D) natural sources.
B
One of the earliest recorded records of polluted air was written by the Roman ________ in 61 A.D. A) Caesar Augustus B) Seneca C) Cato the Elder D) Pliny
B
