Chem - Ch. 4

42) How many protons and electrons are present in O^2-? A) 8 protons and 8 electrons B) 10 protons and 8 electrons C) 8 protons and 10 electrons D) 16 protons and 8 electrons E) none of the above

C) 8 protons and 10 electrons

6) Which of the statements about the discovery of electrons is FALSE? A) Because atoms are neutral, the existence of a negatively charged particle implied there must be a positively charged component of an atom. B) Thomson proposed that electrons were small particles held within a positively charged sphere. C) Rutherford proved the plum-pudding model correct. D) The negatively charged electron is located outside the nucleus. E) All of the above statements are true.

C) Rutherford proved the plum-pudding model correct.

34) All of the following statements about different elements are true EXCEPT: A) Barium is an alkaline earth metal. B) Manganese is a transition metal. C) Sulfur is considered a metalloid. D) Krypton is one of the noble gases. E) Iodine is a halogen.

C) Sulfur is considered a metalloid.

32) Examine the elements listed below and identify the one element that is from a different periodic table group than the others. A) Si B) Sn C) Ti D) Ge E) All of these are from the same group.

C) Ti

37) When an atom loses an electron, the resulting particle is called: A) a proton. B) an anion. C) a cation. D) an isotope. E) none of the above

C) a cation.

30) Mg is a member of which family? A) noble gases B) halogens C) alkaline earth metals D) alkali metals E) none of the above

C) alkaline earth metals

29) Group 2A elements are also called: A) noble gases. B) halogens. C) alkaline earth metals. D) alkali metals. E) none of the above

C) alkaline earth metals.

18) Which of the following is NOT a correct name, symbol combination? A) beryllium, Be B) magnesium, Mg C) iron, I D) manganese, Mn E) silicon, Si

C) iron, I

3) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Dalton? A) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous B) created the modern periodic table C) proposed the modern Atomic Theory D) discovered the existence of electrons E) none of the above

C) proposed the modern Atomic Theory

51) The nucleus of an atom consists mainly of: A) neutrons and electrons. B) protons and electrons. C) protons and neutrons. D) protons, neutrons, and electrons. E) none of the above

C) protons and neutrons.

21) The names of the elements whose symbols are Si, P, Mn, and S are respectively: A) silicon, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur. B) silver, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. C) silicon, phosphorus, manganese, and sulfur. D) silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. E) silicon, potassium, magnesium, and sodium.

C) silicon, phosphorus, manganese, and sulfur.

53) How many neutrons are present in C-14? A) 14 B) 12 C) 6 D) 8 E) none of the above

D) 8

61) A fictional element has two naturally occurring isotopes with the natural abundances shown here: ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE 16 50.0% 18 50.0% Which statement is TRUE for this element? A) The atomic mass would be 16. B) The atomic mass would be less than 16. C) The atomic mass would be 18. D) The atomic mass would be more than 18. E) The atomic mass would be 17.

E) The atomic mass would be 17.

All elements have three or more naturally occurring isotopes.

false

Aluminum is one of the most commonly used metalloids.

false

An atom is the smallest identifiable unit of a compound.

false

An element is discovered that is a solid, has one valence electron, and readily forms a 1+ ion. This element would be correctly classified as a nonmetal.

false

Ernest Rutherford proved the existence of electrons.

false

Group 2A elements are called alkali metals.

false

J.J. Thomson discovered the existence of protons.

false

John Dalton was the first person recorded as thinking that matter was ultimately composed of atoms.

false

Main-group elements tend to form ions that have the same number of total electrons as the nearest halogen.

false

Mendeleev is best remembered for his pioneering work on determining atomic structure.

false

Protons and electrons each have a mass of 1 amu.

false

Protons and neutrons have similar masses and similar electrical charges.

false

The atomic mass of a single carbon atom is equal to exactly 12.011 amu.

false

The atomic number of nitrogen is 14.01.

false

The charges on electrons and neutrons cancel each other to give neutral atoms.

false

The elemental symbol for manganese is Mg.

false

The mass of a proton is exactly the same as the mass of a neutron.

false

You can continually divide matter into smaller and smaller pieces without ever coming to an end.

false

A positive charge attracts negative charges and repels other positive charges.

true

All carbon atoms have exactly 6 protons.

true

In the modern periodic table, elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number rather than increasing relative mass.

true

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different numbers of neutrons.

true

John Dalton formalized an atomic theory that gained acceptance in the early 19th century.

true

Mendeleev's early periodic table predicted the existence of elements that had yet to be discovered.

true

Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table.

true

The atom is the fundamental building block of everything we hear, feel, see, and experience.

true

The atomic mass of individual atoms of an element may vary.

true

The elements within a group on the periodic table tend to have similar properties.

true

The gold foil experiment proved that large regions of the atoms consisted of empty space.

true

The nucleus of an atom is a very small, dense region that contains over 99.9% of the atomic mass.

true

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus defines the element.

true

The plum pudding model proposed that negatively charged electrons were held in a sphere of positive charge.

true

The relative amount of each different isotope in a naturally occurring sample of an element is always the same.

true

The smell of the ocean is caused by atoms.

true

5) How many neutrons are found in Ne-21? A) 11 B) 21 C) 10 D) 0 E) none of the above

A) 11

52) How many neutrons are present in Ne-22? A) 12 B) 10 C) 22 D) 32 E) none of the above

A) 12

3) What is the charge on an ion that has an atomic number of 24 and contains 22e-? A) 2+ B) 2- C) 1+ D) 1- E) none of the above

A) 2+

7) If an isotope of an element has 27 neutrons and a mass number of 52, how many electrons must it have? A) 25 B) 27 C) 52 D) 79 E) none of the above

A) 25

64) A fictional element has two isotopes and an atomic mass of 87.08 amu. If the first isotope is 86 amu and the second isotope has a mass of 90 amu. Which isotope has the greatest natural abundance? A) 86 amu B) 90 amu C) There are equal amounts. D) Not enough information provided. E) none of the above

A) 86 amu

14) Which of the following elements has only 12 protons? A) C B) Zn C) Mg D) O E) none of the above

A) C

49) Isotopes are: A) atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons. B) atoms of the same element that have different number of protons. C) atoms of the same element that have different number of electrons. D) atoms of the same element that have the same number of neutrons. E) none of the above

A) atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons.

9) An atom containing 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons: A) is charge-neutral. B) is an ion. C) is an oxygen atom. D) cannot exist. E) none of the above

A) is charge-neutral.

23) Metals are located where on the periodic table? A) left side B) right side C) middle D) zig-zag diagonal line E) none of the above

A) left side

31) Xe is a member of which family? A) noble gases B) halogens C) alkaline earth metals D) alkali metals E) none of the above

A) noble gases

28) Group 8A elements are also called: A) noble gases. B) halogens. C) alkaline earth metals. D) alkali metals. E) none of the above

A) noble gases.

65) A fictional element named Nivadium is found to have three naturally occurring isotopes with the natural abundances shown here: MASS (amu) ABUNDANCE 22.1760 45.00% 23.1847 45.00% 24.1934 10.00% The calculated atomic mass of Nivadium is: A) 7.61 amu B) 22.83 amu C) 23.18 amu D) 69.55 amu E) none of the above

B) 22.83 amu

59) A specific isotope of an element is known to have 15 protons and 16 neutrons. Which symbol would properly represent this isotope? A) 15Ga 31 B) 31P 15 C) 16X 15 D) 31S 16 E) none of the above

B) 31P 15

15) What is the atomic symbol for silver? A) S B) Ag C) Au D) Si E) none of the above

B) Ag

35) Identify the element that is a nonmetal, a gas, and has an elemental symbol that starts with the letter "A." A) Ac B) Ar C) Au D) Al E) none of the above

B) Ar

8) Given that the molecular mass of bromine is 79.90 grams, which of the following isotopes would you expect to have the greatest natural abundance? A) Br-79 B) Br-80 C) Br-81 D) Br-82 E) none of the above

B) Br-80

57) An atom of a carbon-14 isotope would contain: A) 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. B) 8 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons. C) 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. D) 14 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. E) 20 protons, 6 neutrons, and 20 electrons.

A) 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

66) Chlorine has two stable isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37. If their exact masses are 34.9689 amu and 36.9695 amu, respectively, what is the natural abundance of Cl-35? (The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 amu.) A) 75.95% B) 24.05% C) 50.00% D) 35.00% E) 37.00%

A) 75.95%

63) A fictional element has two isotopes, each making up 50% of the population. Isotope 1 has a mass of 80.0 amu, Isotope 2 has a mass of 85.0 amu. Calculate the atomic mass of the fictional element. A) 82.5 amu B) 42.5 amu C) 40 amu D) 165 amu E) none of the above

A) 82.5 amu

16) What is the atomic symbol for tin? A) Sn B) Ti C) Tn D) Si E) none of the above

A) Sn

2) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Democritus? A) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was not continuous B) created the modern periodic table C) proposed the modern Atomic Theory D) discovered the existence of electrons E) none of the above

A) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was not continuous

45) There is very little of the element astatine (symbol = At) on earth. If astatine formed an ion, it would most likely have the charge of: A) 1+ B) 1- C) 2+ D) 2- E) none of the above

B) 1-

44) What is the charge on the ion formed by selenium? A) 1- B) 2- C) 1+ D) 2+ E) none of the above

B) 2-

38) When an atom gains an electron, the resulting particle is called: A) a proton. B) an anion. C) a cation. D) an isotope. E) none of the above

B) an anion.

56) An isotope represented as S-34: A) is an isotope of sodium. B) contains exactly 18 neutrons. C) has 34 protons. D) must have exactly 18 electrons. E) none of the above

B) contains exactly 18 neutrons.

36) Ions are formed when atoms: A) gain or lose protons. B) gain or lose electrons. C) gain or lose neutrons. D) Each of these results in ion formation. E) None of these results in ion formation.

B) gain or lose electrons.

27) Group 7A elements are also called: A) noble gases. B) halogens. C) alkaline earth metals. D) alkali metals. E) none of the above

B) halogens.

60) The only known atom that does not contain a neutron is one of the isotopes of hydrogen. The mass number, symbolized as "A" in the text, of this hydrogen isotope must be: A) 1.01 B) 0 C) 1 D) 2 E) none of the above

C) 1

47) What is the charge on the cesium ion? A) 1- B) 2- C) 1+ D) 2+ E) none of the above

C) 1+

55) How many protons and neutrons are in Cl-37? A) 20 protons, 17 neutrons B) 17 protons, 37 neutrons C) 17 protons, 20 neutrons D) 37 protons, 17 neutrons E) none of the above

C) 17 protons, 20 neutrons

4) What is the charge on a calcium atom that contains 18 e-? A) 1+ B) 20+ C)2+ D) 2- E) none of the above

C)2+

58) An atom that has the same number of neutrons as 138 Ba 56 A)138 Cs 55 B) 136Ba 56 C) 137La 57 D) 136Xe 54 E) none of the above

D) 136Xe 54

43) What is the charge on the barium ion? A) 1- B) 2- C) 1+ D) 2+ E) none of the above

D) 2+

46) What is the charge on the ion formed by aluminum? A) 5- B) 3- C) 13+ D) 3+ E) none of the above

D) 3+

41) How many electrons are in Br-? A) 4 B) 7 C) 34 D) 36 E) none of the above

D) 36

13) Which of the following elements has an atomic number of 4? A) H B) C C) He D) Be E) none of the above

D) Be

39) Which of the following statements about ions is INCORRECT? A) Cations are positive ions and anions are negative ions. B) Cations are formed when an atom loses electrons. C) Anions are formed when an atom gains electrons. D) Cations always have the same number of protons as electrons. E) All statements are correct.

D) Cations always have the same number of protons as electrons.

5) Which statement below accurately describes the contributions of Thomson? A) ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was continuous B) created the modern periodic table C) proposed the modern Atomic Theory D) discovered the existence of electrons E) none of the above

D) discovered the existence of electrons

1) The elemental symbol Mn represents the element ________. A) mendelevium B) magnesium C) molybdenum D) manganese E) meitnerium F) none of the above

D) manganese

19) Which of the following is NOT a correct name, symbol combination? A) beryllium, Be B) phosphorus, P C) iron, Fe D) manganese, Mg E) silicon, Si

D) manganese, Mg

12) Which of the following subatomic particles has a mass of 1.67 × 10^-27 kg? A) electrons only B) protons only C) neutrons only D) protons and neutrons E) none of the above

D) protons and neutrons

1) Which of the following statements about atoms is FALSE? A) Atoms compose all matter. B) Atoms are responsible for the sensation of smell. C) Atoms are the basic building block of nature. D) An atom is the smallest identifiable unit of an element. E) All of the above statements are true.

E) All of the above statements are true.

11) Which of the following statements about the nature of electrical charge is FALSE? A) Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons. B) Positive and negative electrical charges attract each other. C) Positive-positive or negative-negative charges repel each other. D) Positive and negative charges cancel each other so that a proton and electron, when paired, are charge neutral. E) All of the above statements are true.

E) All of the above statements are true.

50) The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom: A) is called the atomic number. B) is given the symbol "Z." C) identifies the atom as a particular element. D) is the same for all isotopes of an element. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

17) What is the correct chemical symbol for mercury? A) Hm B) Hy C) Me D) My E) none of the above

E) none of the above

33) Cr is a member of which family? A) noble gases B) halogens C) alkaline earth metals D) alkali metals E) none of the above

E) none of the above

20) Which of the following is NOT a correct name, symbol combination? A) calcium, Ca B) gold, Au C) manganese, Mn D) chromium, Cr E) potassium, P

E) potassium, P

2) Which one of the following is a main-group nonmetal element in period number 3 of the periodic table? A) bromine B) selenium C) sodium D) gallium E) sulfur F) none of the above

E) sulfur

A cation forms when an atom gains an electron.

false

All elemental symbols are comprised of a two-letter abbreviation.

false

All of the positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

true

An atom containing 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons would be considered charge- neutral.

true

Halogens form anions with a 1- charge.

true

If two atoms each contain different numbers of protons, the atoms must be from different elements.

true

7) Which statement below is NOT consistent with the nuclear theory of the atom as proposed by Rutherford? A) Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus. B) Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons in which like charges repel and opposite charges attract. C) Most of the volume of the atom is empty space occupied by tiny, negatively charged electrons. D) There are as many electrons outside the nucleus as there are protons inside the nucleus in a neutral atom. E) All of the above statements are consistent.

B) Electrical charge is a fundamental property of protons and electrons in which like charges repel and opposite charges attract.

40) What is the correct formula for a potassium ion with 18 electrons? A) P+ B) K+ C) K- D) P- E) none of the above

B) K+

24) Nonmetals are located where on the periodic table? A) left side B) right side C) middle D) zig-zag diagonal line E) none of the above

B) right side

10) The atomic mass unit is defined as: A) the mass of the hydrogen atom containing only one proton. B) the mass of electrons found in a carbon atom containing six protons and neutrons. C) 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons. D) 1/14 the mass of a nitrogen atom containing 7 protons and 7 neutrons. E) none of the above

C) 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons.

48) How many electrons would be in a -2 charged anion of sulfur? A) 2 B) 16 C) 18 D) 36 E) none of the above

C) 18

54) What is the mass number of the hydrogen isotope that contains 2 neutrons? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) none of the above

C) 3

6) How many protons are found in C-14? A) 8 B) 14 C) 6 D) 0 E) none of the above

C) 6

8) Which statement reflects the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiments? A) Almost all of the alpha particles were deflected back in the direction from which they came. B) Almost all of the alpha particles sputtered gold atoms off of the surface of the foil. C) Almost all of the alpha particles were deflected while passing through the foil. D) Almost all of the alpha particles passed directly through the foil. E) none of the above

D) Almost all of the alpha particles passed directly through the foil.

22) Which one of the following is a main-group element? A) Ce B) Co C) Cu D) Cs E) none of the above

D) Cs

4) Which of the following is NOT part of Dalton's Atomic Theory? A) Each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms. B) All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements. C) Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds. D) Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus. E) All of the above are part of the atomic theory.

D) Most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small core called the nucleus.

62) A fictional element has two naturally occurring isotopes with the natural abundances shown here: ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE 18 40.0% 20 60.0% Which statement is TRUE for this element? A) The atomic mass would be less than 18. B) The atomic mass would be closer to 18 than to 20. C) The atomic mass would be exactly 19. D) The atomic mass would be closer to 20 than to 18. E) The atomic mass would be greater than 20.

D) The atomic mass would be closer to 20 than to 18.

26) Group 1A elements are also called: A) noble gases. B) halogens. C) alkaline earth metals. D) alkali metals. E) none of the above

D) alkali metals.

25) Metalloids are located where on the periodic table? A) left side B) right side C) middle D) zig-zag diagonal line E) none of the above

D) zig-zag diagonal line