Digestive System (EXAM 2)
Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of
fats
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
filtration
Gastrin secretion is associated with
food arriving in the stomach.
The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).
four
Identify the structure labeled "12."
fundus
The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the
fundus
Bile is stored in the
gallbladder
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
The middle segment of the small intestine is the
jejunum
The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the
lamina propria
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?
large intestine
Which of the following is not a phase of deglutition?
laryngeal
What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?
lesser omentum
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
pancreas
The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of
pancreatic acini.
Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from
parasympathetic stimulation.
Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?
parotid
which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?
parotid
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
peristalsis
The uvula is located at the
posterior margin of the soft palate
The cecum and the vermiform appendix are physically located in the
right inguinal region
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called
rugae
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is
secretin.
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the
submucosa
Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?
submucosa
Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the
submucosal plexus.
The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by
the cerebral cortex
Parietal cells and their secretions are not involved in
the release of bicarbonate into the stomach.
During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,
the vagus nerve innervates the stomach
At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the
transverse colon
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the
uvula.
An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is
vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).
The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the
vestibule
Identify the structures labeled "6."
villi
What type of muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies?
visceral smooth muscles
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "duodenal ampulla"?
where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum
Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the
Rectum
Which of the following statements is false?
Secretin and CCK are produced by the stomach and are important hormones in regulating digestion
The greater omentum is
a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in
a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.
At what point in the large intestine does the epidermis change from stratified squamous non-keratinized tissue like the oral cavity to stratified squamous keratinized tissue like the skin?
anus
An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is
cholecystokinin
Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?
cilia
The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the
common bile duct
Which of the following is not a component of the defecation reflex?
contraction of the external anal sphincter
Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?
coordinates activity of the muscular layer
________ are also known as canines.
cuspids
Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)?
increases the sensation of hunger
All of the following are associated with the oral cavity except
initial digestion of carbohydrates and proteins
All of the following enzymes are secreted by the pancreas except
insulin
Pancreatic exocrine cells secrete all of the following except
insulin
The ________ is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is not under voluntary control.
internal anal sphincter
X-rays of the mandible and maxillae of an average 4-year-old child would capture the image of ________ teeth.
52
On average, the body produces ________ of saliva in a day.
1.0-1.5 L
There are normally a total of ________ primary teeth.
20
Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day.
7
Functions of the large intestine include
All of the answers are correct.
The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the
Body
The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?
Cardia
________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates converging toward a central vein.
Hepatocytes
________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.
Incisors
_______ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.
Molars
The ________ of the tooth marks the boundary between the crown and the root.
Neck
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
Stomach
Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in
Swallowing
Which of the following is true regarding the central and local mechanisms controlling gastric and intestinal activities?
The intestinal phase triggers mucus and bicarbonate to help protect the duodenum from arriving acid.
Which of the following statements about the tongue is false?
The uvula attaches to the base.
Which of the following is not true of parietal cells?
They release bicarbonate into the lumen of gastric glands.
The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except
absorption of monosaccharides.
The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as
absorption.
The root of each tooth sits in a bony cavity known as a(n)
alveolus.
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the
bladder
Lacteals
carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system
The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the
cecum
In the center of a liver lobule there is a
central vein
Which of the following is not a component of the portal triad found at the edges of a liver lobule?
central vein
At the left colic flexure, the colon becomes the
descending colon
Bile salts break lipids apart in a process called
emulsification
The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the
entry of food into the stomach
Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?
greater omentum
If you were to palpate the small intestine at the hypogastric region of a normal, healthy patient, which portion of their small intestine would you be feeling?
ileum
Regions of the stomach include all of the following except
ileum
The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the
ileum
Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the
ileum.
Circular folds and intestinal villi
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
The basic functional unit of the liver is the
lobule
The teniae coli are
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.
Serous cells in the submandibular salivary gland secrete what substance(s)
lysozyme and salivary amylase
Serous cells in the submandibular salivary gland secrete what substance(s)?
lysozyme and salivary amylase
Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements.
mass
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called
mass movements
The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.
mesentery
The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement
mesentery proper
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
mouth
The gastroileal reflex
moves some chyme to the colon.
The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the
mucosa.
Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.
muscularis mucosa
Gastric pits are
openings into gastric glands
All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it
precedes the gastric phase.
Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?
producing blood cells
The pancreas produces ________ -digesting enzymes in the form of proteolytic enzymes.
protein
The enzyme pepsin digests
proteins
The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the
pulp cavity.
The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the
pylorus.
The ________ of the liver lies between the left lobe and the gallbladder.
quadrate lobe
All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it
recycles bile.
An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is
rennin.
Duodenal glands are characteristic of the
small intestine
In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.
sphincters
Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?
stimulates gastric secretion
The ________ mechanically digests ingested food.
stomach
The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.
stratified squamous
What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?
submandibular