Digestive System (EXAM 2)

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of

fats

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

filtration

Gastrin secretion is associated with

food arriving in the stomach.

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).

four

Identify the structure labeled "12."

fundus

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

fundus

Bile is stored in the

gallbladder

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

lamina propria

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

large intestine

Which of the following is not a phase of deglutition?

laryngeal

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

lesser omentum

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

pancreas

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of

pancreatic acini.

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

parasympathetic stimulation.

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

parotid

which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

parotid

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

The uvula is located at the

posterior margin of the soft palate

The cecum and the vermiform appendix are physically located in the

right inguinal region

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

rugae

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is

secretin.

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

submucosa

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

submucosa

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

submucosal plexus.

The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by

the cerebral cortex

Parietal cells and their secretions are not involved in

the release of bicarbonate into the stomach.

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

the vagus nerve innervates the stomach

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the

transverse colon

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

uvula.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

vestibule

Identify the structures labeled "6."

villi

What type of muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies?

visceral smooth muscles

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "duodenal ampulla"?

where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the

Rectum

Which of the following statements is false?

Secretin and CCK are produced by the stomach and are important hormones in regulating digestion

The greater omentum is

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.

At what point in the large intestine does the epidermis change from stratified squamous non-keratinized tissue like the oral cavity to stratified squamous keratinized tissue like the skin?

anus

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

cholecystokinin

Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?

cilia

The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the

common bile duct

Which of the following is not a component of the defecation reflex?

contraction of the external anal sphincter

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?

coordinates activity of the muscular layer

________ are also known as canines.

cuspids

Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)?

increases the sensation of hunger

All of the following are associated with the oral cavity except

initial digestion of carbohydrates and proteins

All of the following enzymes are secreted by the pancreas except

insulin

Pancreatic exocrine cells secrete all of the following except

insulin

The ________ is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is not under voluntary control.

internal anal sphincter

X-rays of the mandible and maxillae of an average 4-year-old child would capture the image of ________ teeth.

52

On average, the body produces ________ of saliva in a day.

1.0-1.5 L

There are normally a total of ________ primary teeth.

20

Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day.

7

Functions of the large intestine include

All of the answers are correct.

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

Body

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

Cardia

________ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates converging toward a central vein.

Hepatocytes

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

Incisors

_______ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

Molars

The ________ of the tooth marks the boundary between the crown and the root.

Neck

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

Stomach

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

Swallowing

Which of the following is true regarding the central and local mechanisms controlling gastric and intestinal activities?

The intestinal phase triggers mucus and bicarbonate to help protect the duodenum from arriving acid.

Which of the following statements about the tongue is false?

The uvula attaches to the base.

Which of the following is not true of parietal cells?

They release bicarbonate into the lumen of gastric glands.

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

absorption of monosaccharides.

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption.

The root of each tooth sits in a bony cavity known as a(n)

alveolus.

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the

bladder

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system

The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the

cecum

In the center of a liver lobule there is a

central vein

Which of the following is not a component of the portal triad found at the edges of a liver lobule?

central vein

At the left colic flexure, the colon becomes the

descending colon

Bile salts break lipids apart in a process called

emulsification

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

entry of food into the stomach

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

greater omentum

If you were to palpate the small intestine at the hypogastric region of a normal, healthy patient, which portion of their small intestine would you be feeling?

ileum

Regions of the stomach include all of the following except

ileum

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

ileum

Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the

ileum.

Circular folds and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

The basic functional unit of the liver is the

lobule

The teniae coli are

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.

Serous cells in the submandibular salivary gland secrete what substance(s)

lysozyme and salivary amylase

Serous cells in the submandibular salivary gland secrete what substance(s)?

lysozyme and salivary amylase

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements.

mass

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

mass movements

The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

mesentery

The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement

mesentery proper

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth

The gastroileal reflex

moves some chyme to the colon.

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

mucosa.

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

muscularis mucosa

Gastric pits are

openings into gastric glands

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it

precedes the gastric phase.

Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?

producing blood cells

The pancreas produces ________ -digesting enzymes in the form of proteolytic enzymes.

protein

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins

The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

pulp cavity.

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pylorus.

The ________ of the liver lies between the left lobe and the gallbladder.

quadrate lobe

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it

recycles bile.

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is

rennin.

Duodenal glands are characteristic of the

small intestine

In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

sphincters

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?

stimulates gastric secretion

The ________ mechanically digests ingested food.

stomach

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

stratified squamous

What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?

submandibular