chem final
nitric acid
HNO3
a weak base ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution to form the conjugate acid of the base and hydroxide ion
a weak base ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution to form the conjugate acid of the base and hydroxide ion
acid ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid (Ka)
acid ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid (Ka)
acids that contain two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule are called diprotic acids
acids that contain two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule are called diprotic acids
acids that ionize completely are called strong acids
acids that ionize completely are called strong acids
acids with three hydrogen ions to donate are called tripotic acids
acids with three hydrogen ions to donate are called tripotic acids
although a molecule of benzene, C6H6, contains six hydrogen atoms, it is not an acid at all.
although a molecule of benzene, C6H6, contains six hydrogen atoms, it is not an acid at all.
an acid that ionizes partially in dilute aqueous solution is defined as a weak acid.
an acid that ionizes partially in dilute aqueous solution is defined as a weak acid
an anion is negative
an anion is negative
aqueous solutions have ions
aqueous solutions have ions
aqueous solutions of acids cause blue litmus paper to turn pink
aqueous solutions of acids cause blue litmus paper to turn pink
aqueous solutions of bases cause red litmus paper to turn blue
aqueous solutions of bases cause red litmus paper to turn blue
basic solutions have pH values above 7
basic solutions have pH values above 7
in self-ionization, two water molecules react to form a hydronium ion (H3O+) and a hydroxide ion according to this equilibrium.
in self-ionization, two water molecules react to form a hydronium, ion (H3O+) and a hydroxide ion according to this equilibrium.
in the bronsted-lowry model of acids and bases, an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor
in the bronsted-lowry model of acids and bases, an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor
liquid solutions have molecules
liquid solutions have molecules
metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates also react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce carbon dioxide gas.
metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates also react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce carbon dioxide gas.
neutral solutions are neither acidic nor basic.
neutral solutions are neither acidic nor basic.
neutralization is a double-replacement reaction
neutralization is a double-replacement reaction
none of the hydrogen atoms are ionizable because they are all joined to carbon atoms by nonpolar bonds
none of the hydrogen atoms are ionizable because they are all joined to carbon atoms by nonpolar bonds.
oxides that can become acids or bases by adding the elements contained in water are called anhydrides
oxides that can become acids or bases by adding the elements contained in water are called anhydrides
phosphoric acid, H3PO4, and boric acid, H3BO3, contain three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule
phosphoric acid, H3PO4, and boric acid, H3BO3, contain three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule
pure water is a conductor of electricity, but the addition of an acid or base to water causes the resulting solution to become a conductor.
pure water is a conductor of electricity, but the addition of an acid or base to water causes the resulting solution to become a conductor.
pure water is neutral because equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions are always present.
pure water is neutral because equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions are always present.
strong bases dissociate entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions
strong bases dissociate entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions
sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and carbonic acid, H2CO3, can donate two hydrogen ions
sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and carbonic acid, H2CO3, can donate two hydrogen ions
arrhenius model
the arrhenius model states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.
the base ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base
the base ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base
the equilibrium constant, Keq, provides a quantitative measure of the degree of ionization of the acid
the equilibrium constant, Keq, provides a quantitative measure of the degree of ionization of the acid
the term polyprotic acid can be used for any acid that has more than one hydrogen atom
the term polyprotic acid can be used for any acid that has more than one hydrogen atom
titration is a method for determining the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of the solution with a solution of known concentration
titration is a method for determining the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of the solution with a solution of known concentration
water and other substances that can act as both acids and bases are said to be amphoteric
water and other substances that can act as both acids and bases are said to be amphoteric
water produces equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions in a process known as self-ionization.
water produces equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions in a process known as self-ionization.
all water (aqueous) solutions contain hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)
all water (aqueous) solutions contain hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)
an acidic solution contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.
an acidic solution contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.
Aluminum, magnesium, and zinc react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce hydrogen gas.
Aluminum, magnesium, and zinc react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce hydrogen gas.
acetic acid/ethanoic acid
CH3COOH & HC2H3O2
carbonic
H2CO3 -><- H+ + CO3-; weak acid
hydrosulfuric
H2S -><- H+ + HS-; weak acid
sulfuric
H2SO4 -> H+ + SO4-; strong acid
hydrobromic acid
HBr
hydrobromic acid
HBr -> H+ + Br- ; strong acid
acetic acid
HC2H3O2
acetic
HC2H3O2 -><- H+ + C2H3O2; weak acid
hydrocyanic
HCN-><- H+ + CN-; weak acid
hydrochloric acid
HCl -> H+ + Cl- ; strong acid
HCl and HF are acids because they can donate a hydrogen ion in an acid-base reaction
HCl and HF are acids because they can donate a hydrogen ion in an acid-base reaction
HCl molecules ionize to form H+ ions, which make the solution acidic
HCl(g) --> H+(aq) + Cl- (aq) HCl molecules ionize to form H+ ions, which make the solution acidic
hypochlorous
HClO -><- H+ + ClO-; weak acid
perchloric acid
HClO4
perchloric acid
HClO4 -> H+ + ClO4- ; strong acid
hydroflouric acid
HF -><- H+ + F-; weak acid
hydroiodic acid
HI -> H+ + I- ; strong acid
nitric acid
HNO3 -> H+ + NO3- ; strong acid
sodium hydrogen carbonate
NaHCO3
when the ionic compound NaOH dissolves in water, it dissociates to produce OH- ions, which makes the solution basic
NaOH(s) --> Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) when the ionic compound NaOH dissolves in water, it dissociates to produce OH- ions, which makes the solution basic
The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid
Zn(s)+2HCl(aq) -> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
a base is a substance that contains a hydroxide group and dissociates to produce a hydroxide ion in aqueous solution
a base is a substance that contains a hydroxide group and dissociates to produce a hydroxide ion in aqueous solution
a basic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
a basic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
a cation is positive
a cation is positive
a conjugate acid is the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid
a conjugate acid is the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid
a conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion
a conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion
a conjugate base is the species that results when an acid donates a hydrogen ion to a base
a conjugate base is the species that results when an acid donates a hydrogen ion to a base
a neutral solution contains equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions
a neutral solution contains equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions
a neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid and a base react in aqueous solution to produce a salt and water
a neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid and a base react in aqueous solution to produce a salt and water
a salt is an ionic compound made up of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid
a salt is an ionic compound made up of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid
A solution having a pH of 0.0 is strongly acidic
a solution having a pH of 0.0 is strongly acidic
a solution having a pH of 14.0 is strongly basic
a solution having a pH of 14.0 is strongly basic
a solution with pH of 7.0 is neutral
a solution with pH of 7.0 is neutral
