chem final

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nitric acid

HNO3

a weak base ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution to form the conjugate acid of the base and hydroxide ion

a weak base ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution to form the conjugate acid of the base and hydroxide ion

acid ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid (Ka)

acid ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid (Ka)

acids that contain two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule are called diprotic acids

acids that contain two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule are called diprotic acids

acids that ionize completely are called strong acids

acids that ionize completely are called strong acids

acids with three hydrogen ions to donate are called tripotic acids

acids with three hydrogen ions to donate are called tripotic acids

although a molecule of benzene, C6H6, contains six hydrogen atoms, it is not an acid at all.

although a molecule of benzene, C6H6, contains six hydrogen atoms, it is not an acid at all.

an acid that ionizes partially in dilute aqueous solution is defined as a weak acid.

an acid that ionizes partially in dilute aqueous solution is defined as a weak acid

an anion is negative

an anion is negative

aqueous solutions have ions

aqueous solutions have ions

aqueous solutions of acids cause blue litmus paper to turn pink

aqueous solutions of acids cause blue litmus paper to turn pink

aqueous solutions of bases cause red litmus paper to turn blue

aqueous solutions of bases cause red litmus paper to turn blue

basic solutions have pH values above 7

basic solutions have pH values above 7

in self-ionization, two water molecules react to form a hydronium ion (H3O+) and a hydroxide ion according to this equilibrium.

in self-ionization, two water molecules react to form a hydronium, ion (H3O+) and a hydroxide ion according to this equilibrium.

in the bronsted-lowry model of acids and bases, an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor

in the bronsted-lowry model of acids and bases, an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor

liquid solutions have molecules

liquid solutions have molecules

metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates also react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce carbon dioxide gas.

metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates also react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce carbon dioxide gas.

neutral solutions are neither acidic nor basic.

neutral solutions are neither acidic nor basic.

neutralization is a double-replacement reaction

neutralization is a double-replacement reaction

none of the hydrogen atoms are ionizable because they are all joined to carbon atoms by nonpolar bonds

none of the hydrogen atoms are ionizable because they are all joined to carbon atoms by nonpolar bonds.

oxides that can become acids or bases by adding the elements contained in water are called anhydrides

oxides that can become acids or bases by adding the elements contained in water are called anhydrides

phosphoric acid, H3PO4, and boric acid, H3BO3, contain three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule

phosphoric acid, H3PO4, and boric acid, H3BO3, contain three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule

pure water is a conductor of electricity, but the addition of an acid or base to water causes the resulting solution to become a conductor.

pure water is a conductor of electricity, but the addition of an acid or base to water causes the resulting solution to become a conductor.

pure water is neutral because equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions are always present.

pure water is neutral because equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions are always present.

strong bases dissociate entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions

strong bases dissociate entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions

sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and carbonic acid, H2CO3, can donate two hydrogen ions

sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and carbonic acid, H2CO3, can donate two hydrogen ions

arrhenius model

the arrhenius model states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

the base ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base

the base ionization constant is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base

the equilibrium constant, Keq, provides a quantitative measure of the degree of ionization of the acid

the equilibrium constant, Keq, provides a quantitative measure of the degree of ionization of the acid

the term polyprotic acid can be used for any acid that has more than one hydrogen atom

the term polyprotic acid can be used for any acid that has more than one hydrogen atom

titration is a method for determining the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of the solution with a solution of known concentration

titration is a method for determining the concentration of a solution by reacting a known volume of the solution with a solution of known concentration

water and other substances that can act as both acids and bases are said to be amphoteric

water and other substances that can act as both acids and bases are said to be amphoteric

water produces equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions in a process known as self-ionization.

water produces equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions in a process known as self-ionization.

all water (aqueous) solutions contain hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)

all water (aqueous) solutions contain hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)

an acidic solution contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.

an acidic solution contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.

Aluminum, magnesium, and zinc react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce hydrogen gas.

Aluminum, magnesium, and zinc react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce hydrogen gas.

acetic acid/ethanoic acid

CH3COOH & HC2H3O2

carbonic

H2CO3 -><- H+ + CO3-; weak acid

hydrosulfuric

H2S -><- H+ + HS-; weak acid

sulfuric

H2SO4 -> H+ + SO4-; strong acid

hydrobromic acid

HBr

hydrobromic acid

HBr -> H+ + Br- ; strong acid

acetic acid

HC2H3O2

acetic

HC2H3O2 -><- H+ + C2H3O2; weak acid

hydrocyanic

HCN-><- H+ + CN-; weak acid

hydrochloric acid

HCl -> H+ + Cl- ; strong acid

HCl and HF are acids because they can donate a hydrogen ion in an acid-base reaction

HCl and HF are acids because they can donate a hydrogen ion in an acid-base reaction

HCl molecules ionize to form H+ ions, which make the solution acidic

HCl(g) --> H+(aq) + Cl- (aq) HCl molecules ionize to form H+ ions, which make the solution acidic

hypochlorous

HClO -><- H+ + ClO-; weak acid

perchloric acid

HClO4

perchloric acid

HClO4 -> H+ + ClO4- ; strong acid

hydroflouric acid

HF -><- H+ + F-; weak acid

hydroiodic acid

HI -> H+ + I- ; strong acid

nitric acid

HNO3 -> H+ + NO3- ; strong acid

sodium hydrogen carbonate

NaHCO3

when the ionic compound NaOH dissolves in water, it dissociates to produce OH- ions, which makes the solution basic

NaOH(s) --> Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) when the ionic compound NaOH dissolves in water, it dissociates to produce OH- ions, which makes the solution basic

The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid

Zn(s)+2HCl(aq) -> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

a base is a substance that contains a hydroxide group and dissociates to produce a hydroxide ion in aqueous solution

a base is a substance that contains a hydroxide group and dissociates to produce a hydroxide ion in aqueous solution

a basic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

a basic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

a cation is positive

a cation is positive

a conjugate acid is the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid

a conjugate acid is the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid

a conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion

a conjugate acid-base pair consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single hydrogen ion

a conjugate base is the species that results when an acid donates a hydrogen ion to a base

a conjugate base is the species that results when an acid donates a hydrogen ion to a base

a neutral solution contains equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

a neutral solution contains equal concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

a neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid and a base react in aqueous solution to produce a salt and water

a neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid and a base react in aqueous solution to produce a salt and water

a salt is an ionic compound made up of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid

a salt is an ionic compound made up of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid

A solution having a pH of 0.0 is strongly acidic

a solution having a pH of 0.0 is strongly acidic

a solution having a pH of 14.0 is strongly basic

a solution having a pH of 14.0 is strongly basic

a solution with pH of 7.0 is neutral

a solution with pH of 7.0 is neutral


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