Chemical Bonding and Compounds folder

An ionic bond for calcium and oxygen is CaO. If an oxygen ion has a charge of two negative, what is the charge for calcium?

+2

[___________] substances are complex molecules that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms.

-Organic

[_____________] polymers are human made.

-Synthetic

Which are common properties of inorganic substances? Check all that apply.

-They are solid at room temperature. -They are good conductors of electricity. -They dissolve in water.

Which products rely on the ability of ionic compounds to conduct electricity? Check all that apply.

-cell phones -remote control toys

Nucleotides are the monomers that make up the polymer of DNA. What can be known about the process of building a DNA molecule?

It involves building carbon-carbon covalent bonds by sharing electrons.

What does the chemical formula CaCl₂show about the compound it represents?

It is made up of two elements.

Lead is malleable, so it can be pounded into flat sheets without breaking. How does the bonding within lead help to explain this property?

Metallic bonds involve many valence electrons shared by many atoms, so the bonds can move around as the metal is pounded.

Which is most likely a covalent compound?

NH₃

The charges for four ions are sodium (Na) +1, calcium (Ca) +2, fluorine (F) -1, and sulfur (S) -2. Which would be an ionic bond that could form from any of these ions?

Na₂S

Zinc has a charge of +2, and oxygen has a charge of -2. Which is the chemical formula for zinc oxide?

ZnO

A candle's wick is the fabric string that holds the flame, and it burns down at a constant slow pace when the candle is lit. The wick is usually surrounded by wax. Which is the most important property of covalent compounds that makes them useful for making candle wax?

a low melting point

Georgina wants to visually represent a polymer. Which would make the best model?

a silver chain

What type of model is shown?

a structural formula

Lionel is replacing the kerosene in a heater. What should he avoid?

flames

Chalk is an ionic compound. Which is a property of all ionic compounds that makes chalk particularly useful for writing on a chalkboard?

hardness and brittleness

Which characteristic(s) makes ionic compounds useful as a building material?🔹

hardness and brittleness

Covalent compounds [___________] conduct electricity well.🔹

-rarely

Which are inorganic substances? Check all that apply.

-salt -copper

Magnesium has a charge of +2, and chlorine has a charge of -1. To form a chemical bond, the compound would have [________] magnesium ion(s).

1

How many atoms of nitrogen are in the chemical formula Ni(NO₃)₂?

2

What does the octet rule state that explains why atoms bond?🔹

An atom bonds to have eight valence electrons to become stable.

What best explains whether bromine (Br) or neon (Ne) is more likely to form a covalent bond?

Bromine forms covalent bonds because it has seven valence electrons, but neon has eight valence electrons and already fulfills the octet rule. Bromine forms covalent bonds because it has many electron shells, but neon has only two electron shells and is tightly bound to its electrons. Neon forms covalent bonds because it has only two electron shells, but bromine has many electron shells and will lose electrons in order to fulfill the octet rule.

Which is most likely a covalent compound?

CF₄

Which is most likely an inorganic molecule?

CaOCl₂

What is the chemical formula for the molecule modeled?

C₆H₁₂O₂

For a science fair project about food and chemistry, Bill looks around his kitchen for examples of covalent compounds. What evidence can Bill use in his project to show that water (H₂O) acts like other covalent compounds?

He can demonstrate that water is a liquid with a definite volume. He can demonstrate that water can be boiled on a simple kitchen stove.

What mistake did Carl make?

He did not multiply the chlorine and oxygen atoms by the coefficient 4.

Why can a hydrogen atom form a covalent bond without fulfilling the octet rule?

Hydrogen's valence shell can hold only up to two electrons.

Beaux has purchased a synthetic material for a product he is launching. What is most likely a benefit of this material?

It can be mass produced.

Sarah is asked to sort out the list of ions and ionic compounds. How can Sarah differentiate between the ions and ionic compounds?

Ions have a positive or negative charge, but an ionic compound's overall charge is zero.

Which statement best describes organic and inorganic molecules?

Organic molecules are common in food, and inorganic molecules are used in electronics.

What mistake did Elena make?

She should not have multiplied the sulfur atoms by the subscript 4.

What will most likely occur if sulfur forms an ionic bond with another element?

Sulfur will accept electrons.

Which is the best explanation of his results?🔹

The chemical reaction with acid changed, showing that the sample was broken down by heating. Therefore, the original substance is a compound.

Which statement correctly describes whether a compound is a pure substance?

🚫A compound is not a pure substance because it is not an element, and only elements are pure substances.

How would the model change as the atom forms bonds?

The third shell would be empty so that the eight electrons in the second level would be outermost after the atom loses one electron.

Angela was instructed on a test to make an analogy, or comparison, for polymers. She writes four examples of how polymers are like pearl necklaces. She has many parts to this analogy that make sense, but one part of her analogy does not fit. Which is the most likely error in her analogy?

The thread that connects the pearls is like an ionic bond.

Walls made of paraffin wax, a covalent compound, help keep the temperature in a room steady as night changes into day and day into night. What is the most important property of covalent compounds that allows paraffin wax to help keep a room's temperature level?

The wall would absorb extra heat during the day when the sun is out, then release the heat back into the room when the sun goes down.

The compound magnesium phosphate has the chemical formula Mg₃(PO₄)₂. In this compound, phosphorous and oxygen act together as one charged particle, which is connected to magnesium, the other charged particle. What does the 2 mean in the formula 5Mg₃(PO₄)₂?

There are two phosphate ions in a molecule of magnesium phosphate.

Which is a characteristic of all ions?

They have one overall charge.

What statement best describes the arrangement of the atoms in an ethylene molecule?

Two electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and the carbon atom bonded to it, and four electrons are shared between the carbon atoms.

What is the best conductor of electricity?

aluminum

What is the most likely way in which an atom of magnesium (Mg) will satisfy the octet rule when it forms bonds?

by losing two electrons

Mason compared the properties of two compounds. Magnesium oxide is an ionic compound, and hydrogen peroxide is not an ionic compound. Therefore, both compounds most likely

can dissolve in water.

Alice added sodium chloride to water and stirred the water for several minutes. Alice is most likely trying to demonstrate that ionic compounds

can dissolve.

In carbon dioxide (CO₂), there are two oxygen atoms for each carbon atom. Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, so the molecule is formed by two double bonds. Two double bonds means that the total number of electrons being shared in the molecule is

eight.

Which ionic compound is used as a building material?

limestone

Covalent bonds can be best described as

neutral atoms coming together to share electrons.

Salts are considered to be [_________________________] substances.

organic

Which is made up of organic molecules?

plastic storage containers

Which is a strong synthetic polymer that can be used to make toys and bottles?

polyethylene

Which material is most likely to be flexible, lightweight, and efficiently and inexpensively produced?

polyethylene

A macromolecule that forms as a result of the joining of multiple monomers is called a [_________________________].

polymer

Which process generates polymers?🔹

polymerization

What are insulated foam cups most likely made out of?

polystyrene

In which row has Aaron made an error in his chart?

row 2

Sodium and phosphorus combine to form Na3P. The name of this compound is [_________________________].

sodium phosphide

Which natural polymer makes up paper?

starch

In a chemical formula, the number of each type of ion is represented by a [_________________________] at the bottom right side of a chemical symbol.

subscript

When looking at the chemical symbol, the charge of the ion is displayed as the [_________________________].🔹

superscript

Which element's symbol could replace the question mark in the diagram?

tellurium (Te)

Based on the location of nitrogen (N) on the periodic table, how many additional electrons does a nitrogen atom need in its valence shell to satisfy the octet rule when it forms bonds?

three

How many dots belong in the electron dot diagram of a boron (B) atom?

three

How many electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom? N=C-C=N

two _six seven

Which diagram represents an element that is likely to form covalent bonds?

•. . •. . • •. . •. . • o. .•. . • •. .o. . • . . .•. . o . . .•. . • . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . •

Which is an example of a polyatomic ion?

🚫 Mg⁺

An atom of lithium (Li) forms an ionic bond with an atom of chlorine (Cl) to form lithium chloride. How are the valence electrons of these atoms rearranged to form this bond?

🚫A few valence electrons are shared between the atoms.

Helium (He) and neon (Ne) are elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. How do the electron dot diagrams of these elements compare?

🚫Both the electron dot diagram of helium and the electron dot diagram of neon have two dots.

Elijah places a detergent powder in the washing machine. Which statement best describes the detergent?

🚫It is inorganic because it can form polymers to break down grease.

The chemical formula for lithium phosphide is Li₃P. Which best describes this ionic compound?

🚫Lithium ions have 3 negative charges, and phosphorus ions have 1 positive charge.

What information on the periodic table is used to complete electron dot diagrams?

🚫The number at the left of each row shows how many dots to draw above the symbol for elements in that row.

Which atom is most likely to accept electrons to form an ionic bond?

🚫radon, a noble gas with 8 valence electrons

Hailey is preparing a debate on the benefits of using synthetic polymers over natural polymers, and she wants to create a list to get started. Which should she include in her list? Check all that apply.

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Which statements describe how chemical formulas, such as H2O, represent compounds? Check all that apply.

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Which are long chains of subunits formed by the process of polymerization? Check all that apply.

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A list of different ions are below. Which combinations of ions will result in an ionic bond? Check all that apply.

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