Chemistry 136 Final Exam
secondary pollutant
A _____ _____ is produced by chemical reactions in the air.
hypothesis
A scientific _____ is used to explain observed facts as best as possible.
give off energy
All combustion reactions of fossil fuels
7A
An element with electronic structure 2-8-7 is in which of the following groups of the periodic table?
100,000
Approximately how many ozone molecules can one chlorine atom derived from one CFC molecule react with?
high for polluted water
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is
structural isomers
Butane and 2-methylpropane are
the greenhouse effect
Carbon dioxide warms the earth by
matter and the changes it undergoes
Chemistry is often defined as the study of
ozone
Chlorofluorocarbons can cause problems in the upper atmosphere by destroying
refrigeration of air and fractional distillation
Commercial nitrogen is produced from the air by
ethanol
Fermentation of carbohydrates is a sources of
5
How many valence electrons are in nitrogen?
pencil lead and a diamond
Identify the pair that are allotropes.
nuclear reactor
Identify the type of pollution that is referred to as anthropogenic pollution.
CaI2
If the compound formed by magnesium and chlorine has the formula MgCl2, what is the formula compound formed by calcium and iodine?
protons and electrons
In a neutral atom there is an equal number of
the chemical reaction is energized by light
In a photochemical reaction,
northeast
In what part of the US is acid rain particularly prevalent?
aquifers
Layers of water-bearing porous rock are called
the law of definite proportions
Methane gas always has the same formula. What principle does this illustrate?
tertiary treatment
Non-biodegradable organic compounds (such as chlorinated hydrocarbons) are removed in
less than 1%
Of the 2.5% fresh water supply, what amount is available as groundwater or surface water for human use?
scientific method
Predicting natural events based on known patterns is the goal of all
settling and filtration
Primary wastewater treatment copies two of nature's purification methods. Which two?
applied research
Science oriented toward an immediate, practical goal is called
basic science
Science that has no immediate, practical goal is called
cesium
Sodium has chemical properties most like
troposphere
The atmospheric layer in which is found the air we breathe is
32
The fourth energy level can hold a maximum of how many electrons?
metals
The majority of the elements are
atomic number
The name given to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus is
atomic numbers
The periodic law of the elements states that the properties of the elements are a periodic function of
<5.6
The phrase "acid rain" applies to rain water with a pH of
automobile
The primary source of carbon monoxide is the
human activity
The primary source of global SO2 in the atmosphere is believed to be
parts per trillion
The smallest concentration listed below is
Democritus
The term "atom" was first used by
sulfuric acid and nitric acid
Two acids found in acid rain are
isotopes
Two atoms which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called
our knowledge of DNA
Use of genetically modified food to produce edible vaccines, determine if a convicted felon is actually innocent, and the development of drug to cure cancer could be enhanced by
sulfur dioxide
What does industrial smog have that photochemical smog normally doesn't have?
1 ppb
What does one Dobson unit equal?
the formation and destruction of ozone
What does the Chapman cycle illustrate?
calcium
What element is a metal that forms +2 ions?
heat
What is another name for infrared radiation?
5
What is the number of valence electrons in As with an electron configuration of 2-8-5-?
Ne
What is the symbol for a neutral atom with 10 protons, 10 electrons, and 11 neutrons?
carbon dioxide
What substance naturally found in the atmosphere seems to be increasing in concentration over the years?
ozone and chlorine
What substances are used to disinfect water?
greenhouse effect
When solar radiation is trapped and reemitted as heat is known as the
in the respiratory tract
Where do sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid cause the greatest harm?
observation
Which activity comes first in the scientific method?
nitrogen and oxygen
Which are the most abundant gases in the atmosphere?
2-8-9
Which electron configuration is not consistent with the Bohr model?
iodine
Which element is a halogen?
aluminum
Which element is found in Group 3A (13) in Period 3?
natural gas
Which fossil fuel furnishes the most heat energy per gram?
methane
Which hydrocarbon is the principal component of natural gas?
Mg and Ca
Which ions are associated with hard water?
unsaturated
Which is a characteristic feature of alkenes?
have only single bonds
Which is a characteristic of alkanes?
malleable
Which is a property of metals?
coal
Which is considered a fossil fuel?
CO
Which is not a greenhouse gas?
ozone
Which is the secondary pollutant in photochemical smog?
good insulators
Which is true about nonmetals?
law of conservation of mass
Which law states that matter is neither lost nor gained during a chemical reaction?
O3
Which molecule absorbs UV-B radiation?
methane
Which molecule will absorb infrared radiation?
ozone holes in the stratosphere
Which of the following are linked to the release of CFCs?
P
Which of the following elements has five valence electrons?
radio waves
Which of the following has the longest wavelength?
nickel
Which of the following is a transition element in the periodic table?
water vapor
Which of the following is not considered an air pollutant?
mass number
Which of the following is not indicated with a periodic table entry?
an abundance supply of SO2
Which of the following is not necessary for a thermal inversion?
agriculture
Which of the following is the major user of water in the US?
O3
Which of the following pollutants does not contribute to acid rain?
potassium
Which of the following reacts most violently with water?
dissolved organic compounds
Which of the following would affect biochemical oxygen demand?
opinion
Which one of these is NOT a part of the process of the scientific method?
particulates
Which pollutant can be removed by centrifuged separations?
particulates
Which pollutant is related to the following sources: sea salt, automobile and truck exhaust, volcanoes, electric power plants?
chlorination
Which process is not used by nature to purify natural water?
fossil fuel combustion
Which source is responsible for the greatest NOx emissions in the US?
plants, phytoplankton, oceans
Which sources removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
some atoms may emit nuclear radiations
Which statement was not part of Dalton's atomic theory?
nucleus-neutral
Which sub-atomic particle has the incorrect charge indicated?
15 protons, 15 electrons, 17 neutrons
Which subatomic particles are found in the P-32 atom?
NO
Which substance would be present in the greatest concentration during the morning rush hour on a smoggy in LA?
UV-B
Which type of radiation is effective at damaging DNA?
UV-C
Which type of radiation is the most energetic?
ultraviolet
Which type of radiation is the most energetic?
Mendeleev
Who was the Russian who was a pioneer in the development of the periodic law?
Dalton
Who was the first person to propose a consistent modern atomic theory?
they are suspected carcinogens
Why are disinfection by-products a health concern?
increase in skin cancer
Why are scientists worried about the ozone hole?
ozone absorbs some incoming ultraviolet light
Why must the ozone layer in the stratosphere be protected?
