Chemistry: 19.1 Acid-Base theories (pages 647- 652)

What is the ion that forms when H2O molecule gains a hydrogen ion?

Hydronium ion (H3O+)

What does it mean when a substance is monoprotic?

1 hydrogen proton is ionizable.

What is neither a base not an acid?

A salt

Determine whether the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic: A: H2CO3 B: H3PO4 C: HCl D: H2SO4

A: diprotic B: triprotic C: monoprotic D: diprotic

What distinguishes an acid from a base in the Brønstead- Lowry Theory?

An acid is a hydrogen ion donor and a base is a hydrogen ion acceptor.

What is a substance that can be an acid or a base called?

Amphoteric

How did Arrhenius define a base?

Compounds that ionize to yield hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions.

An ion/molecule that is formed when the base gains H+.

Conjugate acid

The ion/molecule remaining after loss of H+.

Conjugate base

Write a chemical equation for the ionization of HNO3 in H2O. Identify the hydrogen donor and the hydrogen acceptor then label each acid base pair.

HNO3 + H2O ---> NO3 + H30 CA: H3O CB: NO3 A: HNO3 B: H2O

How did Arrhenius define an acid?

Hydrogen containing compounds that ionize to yield hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

-H+ -pH < 7 - donates H+ - indicator red - High concentration of H+

Property of acids

- bitter -OH- -indicator blue -pH > 7 - accepts H+ -slippery -low concentration of H+

Property of bases

Lewis Acid

Substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Lewis Base

Substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Only hydrogen bonded to a _____ ____ _____ can be released as an ion.

Very electronegative element

Are acids and bases electrolytes? What does that mean?

Yes. They can conduct electricity.