Chemistry, 9, 9.1
In moving top to bottom in a column near the right edge of the periodic table, electronegativities tend to (1)_______ and the shielding effect tends to (2)________
(1) = Decrease (b.) (2) = Increase (a.)
In moving from bottom to top in a column near the left edge of the periodic table, electronegativities tend to (1)_________ and the shielding effect tends to (2)__________
(1) = Increase (a.) (2) = Decrease (b.)
In moving from left to right in a row of the periodic table, electronegativities tend to (1)_______ and the shielding effect tends to (2)________
(1) = Increase (a.) (2) = Stay the same (c.)
Malleable
capable of being changed; easily shaped
The ability of a substance to carry an electric current
conductivity (j.)
Ability to be drawn into a thin wire
ductility (c.)
A "sea of electrons"
metallic bond (g.)
Diatomic molecules of elements always have
nonpolar covalent bonds (b.)
Electrons shared unequally between two atoms
polar covalent bond (f.)
A decrease in the attraction exerted by an atomic nucleus on valence electrons
shielding effect (a.)
ΔEN = 3.0
Ionic bond (d.)
ΔEN
The electronegativity difference between two bonding atoms. The EN is an abbreviation for electronegativity and Δ is the Greek letter delta meaning "difference".
Metallic bond
a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them
Polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
Electrical Conductivity
A measure of how easily electrons can flow through a material to produce an electrical current
Electronegativity
A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
Ductile
A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.
The valence electrons in a metal
Are shared among all atoms (d.)
𝛿-
Delta minus
𝛿+
Delta plus
In ΔEN, the Greek letter delta (Δ) stands for
Difference (b.)
The measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond
Electronegativity (I.)
A bond is considered to be ionic if the difference in electronegativities between the two atoms of which it is formed is
Greater than 2.0 (b.)
Ability to be hammered or rolled into a thin sheet
Malleability (h.)
A value of 0.3 for ΔEN of atoms of two elements suggests that the bond between them is
Nonpolar covalent (b.)
ΔEN = 0.3
Nonpolar covalent bond (e.)
Symbolized by 𝛿
Partial charge (b.)
Shielding effect
The reduction of the attractive force between a nucleus and its outer electrons due to the blocking effect of inner electrons
Carbon and bromide
ΔEN = 0.3 Type of bond: Nonpolar covalent
Hydrogen and germanium
ΔEN = 0.3 Type of bond: Nonpolar covalent
Lithium and sulfur
ΔEN = 1.5 Type of bond: Polar covalent
Magnesium and nitrogen
ΔEN = 1.8 Type of bond: Polar covalent
Fluorine and silicon
ΔEN = 2.2 Type of bond: Ionic
