Chemistry A - Cumulative Review

Consider the chemical equation for the combustion of sugar. _C6H12O6(s) + _O2(g) -- _CO2(g) + _H2O(l) Which sequence of coefficients should be placed in the blanks to balance this equation? a. 1, 6, 6, 6 b. 6, 1, 6, 1 c. 3, 3, 3, 6 d. 1, 3, 3, 6

a. 1, 6, 6, 6

The balanced equation below shows the products that are formed when butane (C4H10) is combusted. 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O What is the mole ratio of butane to carbon dioxide? a. 2:8 b. 1:5 c. 13:8 d. 13:10

a. 2:8

Which physical method can be used for obtaining a sample of salt from a small beaker of salt water? a. Boiling b. freezing c. chromatography d. sorting

a. Boiling

Air is made up of different gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Which statement best describes these three components of air? a. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are all classified as pure substances. b. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide cannot react with another substance. c. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are chemically bonded to one another. d. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide can be classified as elements.

a. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are all classified as pure substances.

The diagrams below represent the four states of matter. Which diagram represents the phase that occurs after a solid melts? a. liquid b. gas c. solid d. plasma

a. liquid

A student has a sample of isopropanol (C3H7OH) that has a mass of 78.6 g. The molar mass of isopropanol is 60.1 g/mol. How many moles of isopropanol are contained in this sample? a. 0.765 moles b. 1.31 moles c. 78.6 moles d. 4,720 moles

b. 1.31 moles

Consider the temperature versus time graph below. In which region is the substance in both the solid phase and the liquid phase? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

If three molecules of hydrogen react with one molecule of nitrogen, how many molecules of ammonia would be formed? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

How many valence electrons does aluminum (Al) have available for bonding? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c. 3

The elements of which group are nonreactive? a. halogens b. alkaline earth metals c. noble gases d. alkali metals

c. noble gases

Which is the formula mass of (NH4)2SO4? a. 96.07 amu b. 114.12 amu c. 116.17 amu d. 132.17 amu

d. 132.17 amu

Which procedure could a student use to examine an intensive property of a rectangular block of wood? a. Find the mass. b. Record the length. c. Measure the volume. d. Determine the density.

d. Determine the density.

The equation below shows lithium reacting with nitrogen to produce lithium nitride. 6Li + N2 2Li3N If 12 mol of lithium were reacted with excess nitrogen gas, how many moles of lithium nitride would be produced? a. 4.0 mol b. 6.0 mol c. 12 mol d. 36 mol

a. 4.0 mol

Ammonia is produced by the following reaction: 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g) When 7.00 g of hydrogen react with 70.0 g of nitrogen, hydrogen is considered the limiting reactant because a. 7.5 mol of hydrogen would be needed to consume the available nitrogen. b. 7.5 mol of nitrogen would be needed to consume the available hydrogen. c. hydrogen would produce 7.5 mol more ammonia than nitrogen. d. nitrogen would produce 7.5 mol more ammonia than hydrogen.

a. 7.5 mol of hydrogen would be needed to consume the available nitrogen.

Which statement correctly describes the phosphate ion, PO3-/4 ? a. It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms covalently bonded together, and there is a -3 charge distributed over the entire ion. b. It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms covalently bonded together, and there is a -3 charge on the phosphorus atom. c. It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms ionically bonded together, and there is a -3 charge distributed over the entire ion. d. It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms ionically bonded together, and there is a -3 charge on the phosphorus atom.

a. It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms covalently bonded together, and there is a -3 charge distributed over the entire ion.

Which element is the most reactive? a. Sodium b. nickel c. carbon d. oxygen

a. Sodium

Some atoms are exceptions to the octet rule by having an expanded octet. Which characteristic is needed for an atom to have an expanded octet? a. The atom has empty d-orbitals. b. The atom has more than eight valence electrons before bonding. c. The atom has empty p-orbitals. d. The atom has fewer than eight valence electrons after bonding.

a. The atom has empty d-orbitals.

A student performs the following experiment. Step 1: She pours a colorless solution into a beaker that contains another colorless liquid. Yellow particles appear in the liquid. Step 2: She lets the yellow particles settle in the beaker and then separates the colorless liquid by decantation. What has most likely occurred in the beaker? a. a chemical change in step 1 and a physical change in step 2 b. a physical change in step 1 and a chemical change in step 2 c. chemical changes in both step 1 and step 2 d. physical changes in both step 1 and step 2

a. a chemical change in step 1 and a physical change in step 2

Which sequence represents the relationship between temperature and volume as explained by the kinetic-molecular theory? a. higher temperature > more kinetic energy > more space between particles > higher volume b. higher temperature > less kinetic energy > less space between particles > higher volume c. higher temperature > more kinetic energy > less space between particles >lower volume d. higher temperature > less kinetic energy > more space between particles > lower volume

a. higher temperature > more kinetic energy > more space between particles > higher volume

What is the percent yield of oxygen in this chemical reaction? a. 69.63% b. 73.40% c. 90.82% d. 136.2%

b. 73.40%

The images show two processes. Image A: a roasting marshmallow Image B: melting ice Which statement about the two images is true? a. Image A shows a physical change, and image B shows a chemical reaction. b. Image A shows a chemical reaction, and image B shows a physical change. c. Both images show chemical reactions that are endothermic. d. Both images show chemical reactions that are exothermic.

b. Image A shows a chemical reaction, and image B shows a physical change.

Which of Dalton's ideas about the atom did J.J. Thomson's experiment disprove? a. It disproved that atoms are divisible. b. It disproved that atoms are indivisible. c. It disproved that atoms contain protons. d. It disproved that atoms contain electrons.

b. It disproved that atoms are indivisible.

A single atom of an element has 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons. Which element is it? a. V b. Na c. Mg d. Se

b. Na

What is being reduced? a. Only K b. Only Br2 c. Both K and Br2 d. Neither K nor Br2

b. Only Br2

The gas in the piston is being heated, and the piston has moved upward. The observation will be summarized in a row of the incomplete table below. What are the variables for this piston? a. temperature only b. temperature and volume c. pressure and number of molecules d. volume and number of molecules

b. temperature and volume

A balloon that had a volume of 3.50 L at 25.0°C is placed in a hot room at 40.0°C. If the pressure remains constant at 1.00 atm, what is the new volume of the balloon in the hot room? a. 2.19 L b. 3.33 L c. 3.68 L d. 5.60 L

c. 3.68 L

What is the relationship between a mole and Avogadro's number? a. A mole is the mass of Avogadro's number of particles of a substance. b. A mole is the amount of a compound that has Avogadro's number of carbon-12 atoms in it. c. A mole contains Avogadro's number of particles of a substance. d. A mole is the amount of any substance that has the same mass as Avogadro's number of carbon-12 atoms.

c. A mole contains Avogadro's number of particles of a substance.

The diagram shows the movement of particles from one end of the container to the opposite end of the container. Which event is most likely occurring? a. diffusion because particles move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration b. diffusion because particles move from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration c. effusion because there is a movement of a gas through a small opening into a larger volume d. effusion because there is a movement of a gas through a large opening into a smaller volume

c. effusion because there is a movement of a gas through a small opening into a larger volume

Which state of matter is characterized by ionized particles, no definite shape or volume, and good electrical conductivity? a. gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid

c. plasma

Which of the following compounds would be expected to have the strongest ionic bonds? a. the compound that has the largest ions with the greatest charge b. the compound that has the largest ions with the least charge c. the compound that has the smallest ions with the greatest charge d. the compound that has the smallest ions with the least charge

c. the compound that has the smallest ions with the greatest charge

Which is the molar mass of H2O? a. 10.02 g/mol b. 16.00 g/mol c. 17.01 g/mol d. 18.02 g/mol

d. 18.02 g/mol

The diagram below shows the atoms involved in forming table salt. Which statement best describes what happens next? a. Sodium becomes an anion by losing an electron to chlorine. b. Chlorine becomes a cation by losing an electron to sodium. c. Sodium becomes a cation by gaining an electron from chlorine. d. Chlorine becomes an anion by gaining an electron from sodium.

d. Chlorine becomes an anion by gaining an electron from sodium.

Which best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group? a. The number of orbitals decreases. b. The number of neutrons decreases. c. Electrons get closer to the nucleus. d. Electrons get farther from the nucleus.

d. Electrons get farther from the nucleus.

A chemical reaction that has the general formula of AB + C → CB + A is best classified as________________reaction. a. Synthesis b. Combustion c. Neutralization d. Replacement

d. Replacement

Which type of bond will form between two chlorine atoms? a. an ionic bond b. a metallic bond c. a polar covalent bond d. a nonpolar covalent bond

d. a nonpolar covalent bond