Chemistry Ch. 6

how is the mass number determined?

the mass #= # of protons + # of neutrons.

when asked to classify sodium acetate as either an ionic or a covalent compound, a student responded with, "Sodium acetate is both ionic and covalent." Explain why this student gave this answer.

there are 3 ionic compounds that come together "co" means 2 and covalent means together.

propose a reason that the acids in model 1 are all referred to as "binary" acids.

they're all made out of 2 elements.

Do all isotopes of an element have the same mass number?

yes, the mass number is the same because isotopes can be a name or a number.

"When you add an electron, you get a positve charge because adding is positive in math." Explain why this student is grammatically incorrect.

you have to take away electrons, for it to become positive.

Write a rule for naming binary acids.

you use the prefix "Hydro" and the negative anion root is "ic" acid.

What prefix is used at the beginning for all binary acids?

"Hydro"

poly atomic anion ending is "ate" -- acid ending is... poly atomic anion ending is "ite"-- acid ending is..

"ic" "ous"

what suffix is used at the beginning for all binary acids?

"ic" acid

how many atoms of each element are in 1 formula unit of ammonium phospate?

1

how many protons are in Chlorine atoms?

17

how many protons are in all chlorine atoms?

17

What number do you think the prefix "ter" refers to?

3

Do all isotopes of the element have the same mass number? Give at least one example or counter-example from Model 1 that supports your answer.

The mass # is the same because, isotopes can be a name or a number.

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

The number of protons

A student says," I think some chlorine atoms have 16 protons." Explain why this student is not correct.

The student miscounted and said 16 instead of 17.

how are tenary acids different from binary acids in their structure?

They start with an "H" and ends with an "O."

name the family of elements that make -1 anions as shown in model 2.

They tend to gain electrons. ... Consequently, the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine will gain one electron, and become anions with a negative one charge.

how many hydroxide ions (OH-1 charge) are combined with a iron 3 ion?

a negative 1 ion

in general, do nonmetals form anions or cations?

anions

how are bicarbonate and carbonate related?

bicarbonate has a charge of -2 and carbonate has a charge of -1.

how are tenary ionic compunds in model 3 different from binary ionic compounds?

binary means two ions are combined together because "bi" means 2.

which of the atoms represented by these symbols are isotopes of each other?

bromine, lead, and potassium

in general, do metals form anions or cations?

cations

propose a mathematical equation to calculate the charge on an ion from the number of protons and electrons in an ion. Confirm that your equation works using two positive ion examples and two negative ion examples from model 1.

charge = # of protons - # of electrons, examples magnesium 12-10=+2 and nitrogen 7-10=-3.

provide a better description of how math relates to electrons and ion formations.

charge= # of protons - # the neutrons of electrons.

what is the only polyatomic ion that is a cation?

chlorate

how are chromate and dichromate related?

chromate and dichromate both have a oxide at the end of their formula.

what types of bonds ( ionic or covalent) hold the atoms together in polyatomic ions?

covalent bonds because "Co" means together so, "covalent bonds" would mean next to each other

which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?

electrons

write an isotope symbol ( similar to those in model 1 for each of the atoms in question 6.

ex. Carbon 12 as the atomic number and 6 as the atomic mass.

which nonmetal appears to be an exception to these guidelines?

hydrogen

what are the similarities and differences between nitrate and nitrite ions?

in nitrite, the oxide tend to surround the ion, and in nitrate, the oxides are only at the top.

Which corner of the isotope symbol contains the mass number?

in the top left corner

which corner of the isotope symbol contains the mass number?

in the top left corner.

why is this number called a "mass" number?

it determines the mass of an element.

why is this number called a "mass" number?

it determines the weight of an element.

A student says, I think that some chlorine atoms have 16 protons." Explain why the student is incorrect.

it has 17 protons and not 16.

why is the student's chemical formula for the compound calcium hydroxide wrong?

it only has a -1 ion

parenetheses are used around any polyatomic ion, provide an example.

it's easier to see when it's in a parentheses.

Refer to the symbol H, C, or Mg, where is the atomic number located in the isotope symbol?

it's located below the symbol

Refer to the isotope symbols in model 1. Relative to the atomic symbol (H, C, or Mg) where is the atomic number located in the isotope symbol?

it's located below the symbol.

what is the difference between monatomic and polyatomic?

mono means 1 and poly means 2.

what subatomic particle does electrons represent?

negative

what symbol do neutons represent?

neutral

How many protons and neutrons are in Hydrogen-2?

protons 1 and there are 2 neutrons because the atomic number in this case would be one, and it would go up at the top.

How many protons and neutrons are in Magnesium-24?

protons 12 and neutrons 12.

How many protons and neutrons are in Magnesium-25?

protons 12 and neutrons 13.

How many protons and neutrons are in Magnesium-26?

protons 12 neutrons 14.

How many protons and neutrons are in Carbon-12?

protons 6 and neutrons 7.

How many protons and neutrons are in Carbon-13?

protons 6 and neutrons 8.

How many protons and neutrons are in Carbon-14?

protons 6 and neutrons 9.

type a rule for naming ternary acids.

recognize the acid and use the root and then change the ending from "us" to "ic."

parentheses are used around any polyatomic ion used more than once in a formula unit, provide an example.

so that we would recongnize that it's going to be used again.

parentheses are only used around polyatomic anions used more than once in a formula unit, provide an example.

so we will know what specific charge it has.

what are the similarities and differences between sulfate and sulfite ions?

sulfate, oxides are surrounding the sulfate and in sulfite, they are surrounding the sulfite from the bottom.

what does the subscripted "2" inside the parentheses of the chemical formula tell you about the compound?

that it's the atomic mass

based on the table completed in question 1, what distinguishes a nuetral atom from an ion?

the # of electrons is not the same as in the atom and in the ion.

Which part of the isotope symbol was the most helpful in answering part A of this question?

the atomic number

which parts of the isotope symbol was the most helpful in answering part A of this Question?

the atomic number

in the isotope symbol of each atom, there is a subscript (raised) number. this number is also used in the name of the atom (carbon-12)it is called the mass number. how is the mass number determined?

the mass#= # of protons + # of neutrons.

parentheses are used around any ion that is used more than once in a formula unit, provide an example.

the parentheses help to abbreviate the symbols.

the charge is not on any one atom, but rather on the group of atoms as a whole. Propose an explanation for the net charge on a polyatomic ion.

the ratio of ions is indicated by subatomic particles and it doesen't affect the name.

the net charge on a sulfide ion S-2 is -2. Explain how this ion obtain its charge.

when you add electrons, they automatically become positive and this is called a cation- a positive ion.

is your answer to part A the only combination of iron 3 and hydroxide that should exist in nature?

yes, because when you add a negative electron it becomes a cation.

Which of the atoms represented by the symbols are isotopes of each other?

Bromine Lead and Potassium.

using the chlorine family of polyatomic ions as a model, predict the name of BrO-1 charge and atomic mass of 4 of the ion.

Bromine Oxide

type the chemical formula for each ion in the compound.

Ca has a +2 charge and OH, Hydroxide has a -1 charge.

how is the mass number of an isotope expressed in the name of the atom?

Carbon-14, it's expressed after the name.

predict the formula for chlorous acid.

Clo with 2 being the atomic mass.

name the family of elements that make +2 cations as shown in model 2.

Cobalt is another element that can form more than one possible charged ion (2+ and 3+), while lead can form 2+ or 4+ cations.

how is the number of the isotope symbol expressed in the name of an atom?

Ex. Carbon 14, it is expressed in the name.

what whole number shown in model 1, for each element that is also found in the periodic table for that element?

Hydrogen 1, Carbon 12, and Magnesium 24.

what whole number shown in model one for each element is also found in the periodic table for that element?

Hydrogen-1, Carbon-12, and magnesium- 24.

Write a definition of isotope using a grammatically correct sentence.

Isotope atoms- of the same elements that have different numbers of neutrons.

what does the subscripted "2" in the parenetheses of the chemical formula tell you about the compound?

It also represents the number of molecules of that compound. has 4 sodium atoms, 2 sulphur atoms, and 8 oxygen atoms. When you count atoms, remember to multiply the coefficient number and the subscript number to find the number of atoms of that element.

If the prefix "Hydro" were used to name a ternary acid, what problem would this create when naming HCLO3?

It would become 4 instead of 3.

why does the sulfuric acid contain 2 hydrogens?

Sulfide has a charge of -2.

is a charge indicated on the neutral atoms? if yes where is it located?

no

could a positive 3 ion of aluminum be made by adding 3 protons to an aluminum atom? explain.

no, if you added then it will become a different compound, and you would have to take away 3 electrons.

is it necessary to memorize the type of ion in each element that makes the ion chargeusing a periodic table? explain.

no, you can predict it by what column it's in.

the whole number in each box of the periodic table is the atomic number of the element. What does the atomic number of an element represent?

number of protons

where in the periodic table are these elements usually found? ( I'm talking about the element the elements that are in the middle elements on the first row)

on row 4, in the transition elements.

where is the ion charge located in the isotope symbol?

on the top right hand corner

what subatomic particle does protons represent?

positive

which subatomic particle carries a postive charge?

protons

How many protons and neutrons are in Hydrogen-1?

protons 1 and neutrons 1.