Chemistry: Chapter 2

which substance is an element: CH4, N2, NO2, NACl?

N2

how is a mixture different from a compound?

a mixture can be separated by physical means

what is the best mixed of all mixtures?

a solution

which is not a pure substance: air, copper wire, helium, or sucrose?

air

the simplest type of pure substance

an atom

what's the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element?

an atom

which is not a pure substance: chlorine, water, copper, or brass?

brass

aspirin: c, e, or m?

c

human body: c, e, or m?

c

iron sulfide: c, e, or m?

c

salt: c, e, or m?

c

water: c, e, or m?

c

a compound can only be separated into its components by _____ means

chemical

burning gas in a stove: chemical or physical change?

chemical

is ripening a chemical or physical change?

chemical

oxidizing food for energy: chemical or physical change?

chemical

a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

chemical change

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

chemical property

also known as a chemical change; one or more substances change into one or more new substances during this

chemical reaction

each element is represented by this; it is usually one or two letters and the first one is always capitalized

chemical symbol

used to separate different colored dyes

chromatography

a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

compound

sugar: c, e, or m?

compound

the combining ratio is fixed in a ___ but not in a _____

compound; mixture

pure substances that are made up of more than 1 element

compounds

substances produced when atoms of elements chemically combine

compounds

what is an example of a heterogeneous mixture: water, bronze, brass, or concrete?

concrete

which is an intensive property: number of moles of molecules, density, weight, mass, or volume?

density

a process in which a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

distillation

diamond: c, e, or m?

e

gold: c, e, or m?

e

hydrogen: c, e, or m?

e

iron: c, e, or m?

e

mercury: c, e, or m?

e

nitrogen: c, e, or m?

e

oxygen: c, e, or m?

e

sulfur: c, e, or m?

e

the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties

element

are time and length intensive or extensive properties?

extensive

used to classify properties of matter

extensive and intensive properties

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

extensive property

the process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

filtration

a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of it's container

gas

easily compressible

gas

put the three states of matter in order from most compressible to least compressible

gas, liquid, solid

which of the following is not an intensive property of a pure substance: heat capactiy, specific heat, density, temperature, or color

heat capacity

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform without

heterogeneous mixture

oil and vinegar dressing, a mixture of salt and pepper, and concrete are all examples of ________

heterogeneous mixtures

a mixture in which the composition is uniform without

homogeneous mixture

is salt water a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture? and how could you separate it?

homogeneous, distillation

is temperature an intensive or extensive property?

intensive

temperature, boiling point, and heat of fusion are all ________ properties

intensive

a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

intensive property

physical changes that cannot be reversed such as cutting hair, cracking an egg, etc.

irreversible

states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved

law of conservation of mass

6 examples of extensive properties

length, mass, entropy, enthalpy, stiffness, color

how can you tell whether a mixture is a solution or a suspension?

letting the mixture stand for a while

a form of matter that has an indefinite shape but definite volume

liquid

air: c, e, or m?

m

brass: c, e, or m?

m

bread: c, e, or m?

m

cement: c, e, or m?

m

chop suey: c, e, or m?

m

sausage: c, e, or m?

m

soil: c, e, or m?

m

soup: c, e, or m?

m

5 examples of intensive properties

malleability, ductility, conductivity, hardness, and luster

a measure of the amount of matter an object contains

mass

which of the following is an extensive property: refractive index, mass, density, reactivity, or color?

mass

a physical blend of two or more components

mixture

5 clues that may indicate a chemical change

new color appears, heat or light is given off, bubbles of gas are given off, a precipitate is formed, the change is hard to reverse

which is a chemical change: erosion of rock by the wind, sugar cube dissolved in water, oxygen produced from the breakdown of nutrients, or melted ice cream?

oxygen produced from the breakdown of nutrients

used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

phase

is boiling point a chemical or physical change?

physical

stretching a rubber band: chemical or physical change?

physical

some properties of material change such as the shape or appearance but the composition of the material does not change

physical change

all changes in phase are

physical changes

a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition

physical property

a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

precipitate

a substance produced in a chemical reaction

product

a substance present at the start of a chemical reaction

reactant

all physical changes that involve a change from one state to another

reversible

2 categories used to define physical changes

reversible and irreversible

a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

solid

not easily compressed

solid

another name for a homogeneous mixture

solution

matter that has a uniform and definite composition

substance

______ cannot be used to identify a type of matter

temperature

aka the measure of kinetic energy

temperature

why can you easily compress a gas?

there is a lot of empty space between the particles

why do some liquids flow slower than others?

they stick together more

describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

vapor

does digesting food involve a chemical change?

yes

is graphite an element?

yes