Chemistry Chapter 3 - Matter and Energy

What is matter?

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

The coldest temperature ever measured in the United States was -80 degrees F. Convert that temperature to degrees Celsius and Kelvin. (to two significant digits

-62 degrees C 211 K

249 cal = ? Cal

0.249 Cal

Calculate the temperature change that occurs when 248 cal of heat are added to 24 g of water.

1.0 x 10^1 degrees C

1 Calorie = ? calories

1000 calories

When 56 J of heat are added to 11 g of a liquid, its temperature rises fro 10.4 degrees C to 12.7 degrees C. What is the heat capacity of the liquid?

2.2 J/g x degrees C

588 cal = ? joules

2.46 x 10^3 J

1 kilowatt/hour = ? joules

3.6 x10^6 J

17.4 J = ? Cal

4.16 x 10^-3 Cal

1 calorie = ? joules

4.184 joules

A pure gold ring with a volume of 1.57 cm^3 is initially at 11.4 degrees C. When it is put on, it warms to 29.5 degrees C. How much heat odes the ring absorb? density of gold: 19.3 g/cm^3 specific heat of gold: 0.128

70.2 J

25 kWh = ? J

9.0 x 10^7 J

A common type of handwarmer contains iron powder that reacts with oxygen to form an oxide of iron. As soon as the handwarmer is exposed to air, the reaction begins and heat is emitted. Is the reaction betweent he iron and oxygen exothermic or endothermic?

Exothermic

True or false: matter can be destroyed in a combustion reaction (such as burning fuel).

False

Which substance is a pure compound? a. Copper b. Carbon c. Water d. Tin

Water

Define compound

a pure substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportion example: water, table salt, and sugar

Define element

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances example: iron, helium, potassium, anything on the periodic table

Define heterogeneous mixture

can see the substances separated example: hydrocarbon and water

Chemical or physical property? the flammability of propane gase

chemical

Chemical or physical property? the tendency of silver to tarnish

chemical

A rusting bicycle wheel is a a. chemical change b. physical change c. both chemical and physical d. neither

chemical change

Describe the movement of atoms, volume and shape of a liquid.

closely spaced, free to move around and past each other volume fixed because their atoms or molecules are in an enclosed space

Describe the movement of atoms, volume, and shape of a solid.

closely spaced, vibrate about a fixed point, do not generally move relative to one another volume: fixed shape: rigid

Define pure substance

composed of only one type of atom or molecule example: copper, water

Define mixture

composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions example: air, sea water

Element or compound? acetone

compound

Element or compound? methane

compound

What is the difference between a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid?

crystalline: atoms or molecules that are arranged in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order amorphous: atoms or molecules that do not have long-range order

Define homogeneous mixture

not easily visible to see the substances example: sweet tea, air

What is a chemical property?

one that a substance displays only through changing its composition example: oxidation, flammability

What is a physical property?

one that a substance displays without changing its composition example: color, state change, distillation, filtration, magnetivity

Chemical or physical property? the color of gold

physical

Chemical or physical property? the shine of chrome

physical

Describe the movement of atoms, volume, and shape of a gas

separated by large distances, do not interact significantly with one another volume: take the volume of the container it is enclosed in shape: take the shape of the container it is enclosed in

Define atom

submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas

Which phase of matter involves the least motion of the atoms or molecules?

Solid

A block of aluminum is (a) ground into aluminum powder and then (b). ignited. It then emits flames and smoke. Classify (a) and (b) as chemical or physical changes

a. physical b. chemical

Element or compound? aluminum

element

Element or compound? sulfur

element

What happens to energy in an endothermic reaction?

energy is absorbed

What happens to energy in an exothermic reaction?

energy is released

Which of the following is compressible? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. none of the above

gas

Homogeneous or heterogeneous? chocolate sundae

heterogeneous

Which option is the best description for wet sand? a. element b. compound c. homogeneous mixture d. heterogeneous mixture

heterogeneous mixture

Homogeneous or heterogeneous? apple juice

homogeneous

Homogeneous or heterogeneous? coffee

homogeneous

Homogeneous or heterogeneous? gasoline

homogeneous

Define molecule

two or more atoms joined to one another in specific geometric arrangement