Chemistry Chapter 4
Niels Bohr
"Planetary" model of the atom
Anion
A negatively charged ion is called a(n) __________.
J. J. Thomson
Cathode rays
Aufbau principle
Describes how electrons fill a sublevel.
Hund's rule
Describes how electrons fill orbitals.
John Dalton
First experimental atomic model
Bohr model of the atom
First model to include atoms of each element having different masses.
Hans Geiger
Gold foil experiment
Dalton's atomic theory
Has the idea that any sample of water always contains 8 g of oxygen for every 1 g of hydrogen.
Law of definite composition
Helped explain line spectra.
10
How many electrons can a 'd' sublevel hold?
73
How many neutrons does the isotope 125/Te/52 have?
Positive
If an atom loses an electron, what will the atom be charged? (Negative or Positive)
Raymond Damadian
Magnetic resonance imaging
Protons/Neutrons
Mass number = number of _________ + number of _________.
107.9
Naturally occurring silver consists of two isotopes: 51.82% 107/Ag/47 (106.9051 u) and 48.18% 109/Ag/47 (108.9047 u). What is the atomic mass of silver?
James Chadwick
Neutrons
Orbitals/Electrons
Niels Bohr, in his model of the atom, proposed the concept of _________ that were envisioned as a set of concentric circular tracks on which _________ orbited.
Democritus
Philosophical atomism
Gustav Kirchoff and Robert Busen
Prism spectroscope
Ernest Rutherford
Protons
Heisenberg unccertainty principle
States that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time.
Pauli exclusion principle
States that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
Valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost energy level that are important in bonding are called ___________.
The Electron-Spin Quantum Number
The s,p,d, and f sublevels are identified by ______ quantum numbers.
's'
The type of sublevel found in all principal energy levels is the _____ sublevel.
3/H/1
Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen that has a mass number of 3. What is its isotopic notation?
False
True or False? An atom that gains three electrons will have a +3 charge.
True
True or False? An electron can behave as either a wave or a particle.
True
True or False? Dalton based his atomic model on both experimental evidence and logic.
True
True or False? Each atom can be identified by the number of protons in its nucleus.
False
True or False? Neutrons contribute to an atom's mass and its charge.
False
True or False? Scientific models are working representations of experimental facts that have been proven to be correct in all cases.
True
True or False? The general region of space where an electron is most probably found is known as an orbital.
False
True or False? the first quantum number identitifes the principal energy level of an electron?
Protons/Neutrons
Two different isotopes of a single element would have the same number of ______ but a different number of _____.
[Ne]3s^2 4s^1
What is the correct electron configuration for aluminum (atomic number 13)?
8
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in any atom's second principal energy level?
Electrons
What subatomic particle was discovered through experimentation with cathode rays?
An electron
Which has the least mass--an electron, a proton, or a neutron?
Louise de broglie
Who is responsible for proposing the wave nature of the electron?
Democritus
Who was the first to refer to the smallest particles composing matter as atoms?
Wilhelm Roentgen
X-rays
Atomic Mass
_________ is determined by the weighted averages of isotopes of an element.
