Chemistry Chapter 4

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Niels Bohr

"Planetary" model of the atom

Anion

A negatively charged ion is called a(n) __________.

J. J. Thomson

Cathode rays

Aufbau principle

Describes how electrons fill a sublevel.

Hund's rule

Describes how electrons fill orbitals.

John Dalton

First experimental atomic model

Bohr model of the atom

First model to include atoms of each element having different masses.

Hans Geiger

Gold foil experiment

Dalton's atomic theory

Has the idea that any sample of water always contains 8 g of oxygen for every 1 g of hydrogen.

Law of definite composition

Helped explain line spectra.

10

How many electrons can a 'd' sublevel hold?

73

How many neutrons does the isotope 125/Te/52 have?

Positive

If an atom loses an electron, what will the atom be charged? (Negative or Positive)

Raymond Damadian

Magnetic resonance imaging

Protons/Neutrons

Mass number = number of _________ + number of _________.

107.9

Naturally occurring silver consists of two isotopes: 51.82% 107/Ag/47 (106.9051 u) and 48.18% 109/Ag/47 (108.9047 u). What is the atomic mass of silver?

James Chadwick

Neutrons

Orbitals/Electrons

Niels Bohr, in his model of the atom, proposed the concept of _________ that were envisioned as a set of concentric circular tracks on which _________ orbited.

Democritus

Philosophical atomism

Gustav Kirchoff and Robert Busen

Prism spectroscope

Ernest Rutherford

Protons

Heisenberg unccertainty principle

States that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time.

Pauli exclusion principle

States that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Valence electrons

The electrons in the outermost energy level that are important in bonding are called ___________.

The Electron-Spin Quantum Number

The s,p,d, and f sublevels are identified by ______ quantum numbers.

's'

The type of sublevel found in all principal energy levels is the _____ sublevel.

3/H/1

Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen that has a mass number of 3. What is its isotopic notation?

False

True or False? An atom that gains three electrons will have a +3 charge.

True

True or False? An electron can behave as either a wave or a particle.

True

True or False? Dalton based his atomic model on both experimental evidence and logic.

True

True or False? Each atom can be identified by the number of protons in its nucleus.

False

True or False? Neutrons contribute to an atom's mass and its charge.

False

True or False? Scientific models are working representations of experimental facts that have been proven to be correct in all cases.

True

True or False? The general region of space where an electron is most probably found is known as an orbital.

False

True or False? the first quantum number identitifes the principal energy level of an electron?

Protons/Neutrons

Two different isotopes of a single element would have the same number of ______ but a different number of _____.

[Ne]3s^2 4s^1

What is the correct electron configuration for aluminum (atomic number 13)?

8

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in any atom's second principal energy level?

Electrons

What subatomic particle was discovered through experimentation with cathode rays?

An electron

Which has the least mass--an electron, a proton, or a neutron?

Louise de broglie

Who is responsible for proposing the wave nature of the electron?

Democritus

Who was the first to refer to the smallest particles composing matter as atoms?

Wilhelm Roentgen

X-rays

Atomic Mass

_________ is determined by the weighted averages of isotopes of an element.


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