Immune System: Smartbook Part 1
Antibody-mediated immunity is also called immunity.
humoral
What causes redness and heat in an inflamed area?
increased blood flow
The complement system ______ the inflammatory response.
increases
Identify the function of pyrogens.
induce fever
Nonspecific immunity is another name for____________ immunity.
innate
The skin is an example of ______.
innate immunity
A class of cytokines released from leukocytes is called ________ , also referred to as IFN.
interferon
A class of cytokines released from leukocytes is called ________, also referred to as IFN.
interferons
Examples of antimicrobial proteins of the innate immune system are ______.
interferons and complement
During inflammation, more fluid immune cells, and proteins ______ the capillaries.
leave
Identify the antigen-presenting cells.
-dendritic cells -B-lymphocytes -macrophages
Identify the five major categories of infectious agents.
-fungi -multicellular parasites -bacteria -viruses -protozoans
Identify the antimicrobial substances released by the skin and mucous membranes.
-immunoglobulin A -sebum -lysozyme
Identify the cells that produce histamine and heparin.
-mast cells -basophils
Where are complement proteins synthesized?
liver
Signs associated with inflammation
-redness -swelling -pain
Where are alveolar macrophages found?
lungs
Natural killer cells are a type of
lymphocyte
Correctly order the events of inflammation.
1. Release of chemicals 2. Vasodilation 3. Recruitment of immune cells 4. Delivery of plasma proteins
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes have unique receptor complexes. Each cell typically has ______ receptor complexes.
100,000
Our salivary glands produce what antimicrobial enzyme?
lysozyme
Identify the process in which leukocytes tightly adhere to capillaries.
margination
Helper T-lymphocytes are also referred to as ______.
CD4 cells
CD8 cells are also called ______.
Cytotoxic T cells
What does an antigen-presenting cell do to the resulting peptide fragments of a microbe once digestion is complete?
It incorporates the fragments into its cell membrane.
Identify the antigen receptor for a T-lymphocyte.
TCR
True or false: Acid is produced by the digestive and reproductive systems, aiding the immune system.
TRUE
True or false: Nonpathogenic microorganisms reside on the skin of healthy individuals.
TRUE
Antigens are usually ______.
a protein or large polysaccharide
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes are part of ______ immunity.
adaptive
Acquired immunity is also called ______________ immunity.
adaptive/specific
B-cells are primarily involved in ______-mediated immunity.
antibody
Interferons and complement are categories of ______.
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
attack cancer cells and cells infected with viruses.
Basophils and mast cells are both proinflammatory chemical-secreting cells. Which of these two cells circulates in the blood?
basophils
Basophils are in ______ and mast cells are in ______.
blood; connective tissue of skin
T lymphocytes are apart of what immunity?
cellular
Identify the process in which cells migrate along a chemical gradient, attracting immune system cells.
chemotaxis
Small proteins called _________ serve as a means of communication between immune system cells.
cytokines
Various complement proteins kill target cells through the creation of a protein channel that allows fluid to enter the cell. Identify the name of this process.
cytolysis
Identify the process by which cells squeeze out of the bloodstream and migrate to sites of infection.
diapedesis
What does the antigen-presenting cell do to a microbe once it is engulfed?
digests the microbe into peptide fragments
Phagocytic cells ______.
engulf unwanted infectious agents
Identify the immune system cells that are associated with allergies and asthma.
eosinophils
Identify the immune system cells that target parasites.
eosinophils
An abnormal elevation of core body temperature is called
fever
Pyrexia is the presence of ______.
fever
The five major categories of infectious agents include bacteria, protozoans, multicellular parasites, viruses, and
fungi
MHC class I molecules are ______.
glycoproteins
Identify the type of cell that becomes an epidermal dendritic cell.
monocyte
Identify the immune cell that is part of innate immunity.
natural killer cell
Identify the phagocytes.
neutrophils and macrophages
Natural killer cells provide ______ immunity.
nonspecific
Opsonization is the binding of a protein to a portion of bacteria. The binding protein, such as an antibody, is called an __________
opsonin
neutrophils
phagocytic cells.
Which is not an example of an antigen?
plasma
Antigen presentation is the display of an antigen on a cell's ______.
plasma membrane
A membrane attack complex is the name for a ______.
protein channel
Cytokines are ______.
proteins
The complement system is made of 30 different ______.
proteins
Identify the location of leukocyte formation.
red bone marrow
Identify the first event of inflammation.
release chemicals
Identify the structure that synthesizes MHC class I molecules.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Where are epidermal dendritic cells located?
skin
Identify the lymphatic tissues.
tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes
Which occurs during inflammation?
vasodilation
Identify the type of microbe that interferon targets.
viruses