Immune System: Smartbook Part 1

Antibody-mediated immunity is also called immunity.

humoral

What causes redness and heat in an inflamed area?

increased blood flow

The complement system ______ the inflammatory response.

increases

Identify the function of pyrogens.

induce fever

Nonspecific immunity is another name for____________ immunity.

innate

The skin is an example of ______.

innate immunity

A class of cytokines released from leukocytes is called ________ , also referred to as IFN.

interferon

A class of cytokines released from leukocytes is called ________, also referred to as IFN.

interferons

Examples of antimicrobial proteins of the innate immune system are ______.

interferons and complement

During inflammation, more fluid immune cells, and proteins ______ the capillaries.

leave

Identify the antigen-presenting cells.

-dendritic cells -B-lymphocytes -macrophages

Identify the five major categories of infectious agents.

-fungi -multicellular parasites -bacteria -viruses -protozoans

Identify the antimicrobial substances released by the skin and mucous membranes.

-immunoglobulin A -sebum -lysozyme

Identify the cells that produce histamine and heparin.

-mast cells -basophils

Where are complement proteins synthesized?

liver

Signs associated with inflammation

-redness -swelling -pain

Where are alveolar macrophages found?

lungs

Natural killer cells are a type of

lymphocyte

Correctly order the events of inflammation.

1. Release of chemicals 2. Vasodilation 3. Recruitment of immune cells 4. Delivery of plasma proteins

B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes have unique receptor complexes. Each cell typically has ______ receptor complexes.

100,000

Our salivary glands produce what antimicrobial enzyme?

lysozyme

Identify the process in which leukocytes tightly adhere to capillaries.

margination

Helper T-lymphocytes are also referred to as ______.

CD4 cells

CD8 cells are also called ______.

Cytotoxic T cells

What does an antigen-presenting cell do to the resulting peptide fragments of a microbe once digestion is complete?

It incorporates the fragments into its cell membrane.

Identify the antigen receptor for a T-lymphocyte.

TCR

True or false: Acid is produced by the digestive and reproductive systems, aiding the immune system.

TRUE

True or false: Nonpathogenic microorganisms reside on the skin of healthy individuals.

TRUE

Antigens are usually ______.

a protein or large polysaccharide

B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes are part of ______ immunity.

adaptive

Acquired immunity is also called ______________ immunity.

adaptive/specific

B-cells are primarily involved in ______-mediated immunity.

antibody

Interferons and complement are categories of ______.

antimicrobial proteins

natural killer cells

attack cancer cells and cells infected with viruses.

Basophils and mast cells are both proinflammatory chemical-secreting cells. Which of these two cells circulates in the blood?

basophils

Basophils are in ______ and mast cells are in ______.

blood; connective tissue of skin

T lymphocytes are apart of what immunity?

cellular

Identify the process in which cells migrate along a chemical gradient, attracting immune system cells.

chemotaxis

Small proteins called _________ serve as a means of communication between immune system cells.

cytokines

Various complement proteins kill target cells through the creation of a protein channel that allows fluid to enter the cell. Identify the name of this process.

cytolysis

Identify the process by which cells squeeze out of the bloodstream and migrate to sites of infection.

diapedesis

What does the antigen-presenting cell do to a microbe once it is engulfed?

digests the microbe into peptide fragments

Phagocytic cells ______.

engulf unwanted infectious agents

Identify the immune system cells that are associated with allergies and asthma.

eosinophils

Identify the immune system cells that target parasites.

eosinophils

An abnormal elevation of core body temperature is called

fever

Pyrexia is the presence of ______.

fever

The five major categories of infectious agents include bacteria, protozoans, multicellular parasites, viruses, and

fungi

MHC class I molecules are ______.

glycoproteins

Identify the type of cell that becomes an epidermal dendritic cell.

monocyte

Identify the immune cell that is part of innate immunity.

natural killer cell

Identify the phagocytes.

neutrophils and macrophages

Natural killer cells provide ______ immunity.

nonspecific

Opsonization is the binding of a protein to a portion of bacteria. The binding protein, such as an antibody, is called an __________

opsonin

neutrophils

phagocytic cells.

Which is not an example of an antigen?

plasma

Antigen presentation is the display of an antigen on a cell's ______.

plasma membrane

A membrane attack complex is the name for a ______.

protein channel

Cytokines are ______.

proteins

The complement system is made of 30 different ______.

proteins

Identify the location of leukocyte formation.

red bone marrow

Identify the first event of inflammation.

release chemicals

Identify the structure that synthesizes MHC class I molecules.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Where are epidermal dendritic cells located?

skin

Identify the lymphatic tissues.

tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes

Which occurs during inflammation?

vasodilation

Identify the type of microbe that interferon targets.

viruses