Chemistry Exam 1
Nano
0.000 000 001 10^-9
Micro
0.000 001 10^-6
Milli
0.001 10^-3
Centi
0.01 10^-2
Deci
0.1 10^-1
Kilo
1 000 10^3
Mega
1 000 000 10^6
Giga
1 000 000 000 10^9
Gas
A _________ takes the shape and volume of its container
Solid
A _____________ has a definite volume and shape
Liquid
A _______________ has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
Homogeneous mixture
A composition that is uniform throughout... - The different parts of the mixture are not visible. Ex. Brass
Heterogeneous
A composition varies from one part of the mixture to another - The different parts of the mixture are visible. Ex. Copper metal and water
Filtration
A mixture of a liquid and a solid is separated by...
- A type of matter with a fixed or definite composition - An element that is composed of one type of element - A compound that is composed of two or more elements always combined in the same porportion
A pure substance is classified as...
Scientific Method
A set of general principles that helps to describe how a scientist thinks
A) kilo B) Milli C) Centi
A) 1000m= 1 _______m B) 1x10^-3g= 1___________g C) 0.01m= 1__________m
Gases
An indefinite shape An indefinite volume The same shape and volume as their container Particles that are far apart Particles that move very fast
Liquids
An indefinite shape but a definite volume The same shape as their container Particles that are close together but mobile Particles that move slowly
Matter
Another word for all substances that makes up our world. Anything that has mass and occupies space Ex. Water, Air, Glass
Physical properties
Are characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance
Macrominerals
Are representative elements involved in... - The formation of bones and teeth - Maintenance of heart and blood vessels, etc.
Created Deystroyed
Atoms are never _______________ or _________________ during a chemical reaction
212 F 100 C 373 K
Boiling points for K, Celsius, Fahrenheit
Mixtures
Contain two or more different substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined
Compound
Contains two or more elements in a definite ratio, such as... - Hydrogen peroxide (H202) - Table salt (NaCl) - Sugar - Water (H20)
6.21
Correctly round the following... 65.09 - 3.0=
8.6 cm squared
Correctly use the right amount of SF... 24.66cm x 0.35cm =
Chemical properties
Describe the ability of a substance: - to interact with other substances - to change into a new substance
Potential Energy
Energy stored for use at a later time. Ex. Water at the top of a dam
Mettalloids
Exhibit properties of metals and nonmetals. Are better conductors than nonmetals but not as good as metals
Multiplication and Division
Fewest Sig Figs are used during...
Subtraction or addition
Fewest decimal places is used during...
32 F 0 C 272 K
Freezing point of water for K, C, F
Depostion
Gas particles change directly to a solid
Water boils to form water vapor Paper is cut into tiny pieces of confetti
Give 2 examples of a Physical change
Shape, physical state, boiling and freezing points and color of substance
Give an example of physical property
Meter (m) Liter (L) Gram (g) Celcius (C) Second (s)
Give the correct measurement for each... Length Volume Mass Temperature Time
A) Phosphorus B) Aluminum C) Manganese D) Hydrogen C) Potassium
Give the names of the elements: A) P B) Al C) Mn D) H E) K
Reddish-orange color Shiny Excellent conductor of heat and electricity Solid at 25 C Melting point 1083 C Boiling point 2567 C
Give the physical properties of copper
Shiny, silver metal reacts in air to give a black grainy coating A piece of wood burns with bright flame that produces heat, ashes, carbon dioxide and water vapor
Give two examples of a chemical change
Solids
Have a definite shape A definite volume Particles are close together in a fixed arrangement Particles that move slowly
Pure Substances
Have a fixed or definite composition
Heterogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous Heterogeneus
Homogeneous or heterogeneous: A) hot fudge B) shampoo C) Sugar water D) peach pie
part/whole * 100
How do you calculate a percentage?
Add 273
How do you get Celsius to Kelvins?
D= m/v
How do you measure density?
-Observe the numerical value of the marked lines - Estimate the value of the number between the marks.
How is length measured?
A) Mixture B) Pure Substance C) Pure Substance D) Mixture
Identify each of the following as a pure substance or mixture... A) Pasta and tomato sauce B) Aluminum foil C) Helium D) Air
Mixture Pure Substance Pure Substance Mixture
Identify each of the following as a pure substance or mixture: A) Pasta and tomato sauce B) Aluminium foil C) Helium D) Air
A) Observation B) Conclusion C) Hypothesis
Identify each of the following as an observation, a hypothesis, an experiment, or a conclusion: A) During your visit to the gym, your trainer records that you ran for 25 minutes on the treadmill B) Scientific studies show that exercising lowers blood pressure. C) Your doctor thinks that your weight loss is due to increased excersise
A) Liquid B) Gas C) Gas D) Solid E) Liquid
Identify if Solid, Gas, or Liquid: A) It has definite volume but takes the shape of the container B) Its particles are moving rapidly C) Its particles fill the entire volume of a container D) Its particles have a fixed arrangement E) Its particles are close together but moving randomly
A) cm B) kg C) kL
Identify the larger unit.... A) mm or cm B) kg or cg C) kL or mcl
A) 4 B) 5 C) 4
Identify the sig figs in each of the following... A) 0.002650 m B) 43.026 g C) 1044000 L
Vertical
Is a Group horizontal or vertical?
Temperature
Is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object
Horizontal
Is a period horizontal or vertical?
Nucleus
Located in the center of the atom, that contains protons and neutrons and represent most of the mass of an atom
Energy
Makes objects move. Defined as the ability to do work
A) Metal B) Nonmetal C) Metalloid D) Metal E) Nonmetal
Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid? A) Sodium B) Chlorine C) Silicon D) Iron E) Carbon
1. Observations 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiments 4. Conclusion
Name the process of the Scientific Method:
Electrons
Negative charge (same as the proton)
Neutrons
Neutral Charge (mass number - atomic number)
98.6 F 37 C 310 K
Normal body temp. for K, C, F
Exact numbers
Not measured and do not have a limited number of sig figs Ex. 8 cookies
Physical change
Occurs in a substance if there is: - A change in the state - A change in they physical shape - No change in the identity and composition of the substance
A) Chemical B) Physical C) Chemical D) Physical E) Chemical
Physical or Chemical property: A) Burning a candle B) Ice melting on the street C) Toasting a marshmallow D) Cutting a pizza E) Iron rusting in an old car
A) Physical B) Physical C) Chemical D) Chemical E) Physical
Physical or Chemical property: A) Ice melts in the sun B) Copper is a shiny metal C) Paper can burn D) A silver knife can tarnish E) A magnet removes iron particles from a mixture
Protons
Positive charge (same as the atomic number)
A) Kinetic B) Potential C) Kinetic D) Potential
Potential or Kinetic? A) Rollerblading B) A peanut butter sandwich C) Mowing the lawn D) Gas in the gas tank
Elements
Pure substances which all other things are built Cannot be broken down
A) 3.15 g B) 3.1 g
Round 3.1457 g to each of the following.... A) 3 sf B) 2 sf
Metals
Shiny, ductile and conduct heat and electricty
Decomposition
The ___________________ of salt, NaCl produces the elements sodium and chlorine
Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion Ex. Swimming
Mass
The measure of the quantity of material an object contains
Sublimation
The particles on the surface of the solid change directly to a vapor
Volume
The space occupied by a substance
Chemistry
The study of composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter.
100 degrees
There are how many degrees between the boiling and freezing point on the Celsius scale?
180
There are how many degrees between the boiling and freezing point on the Fahrenheit scale
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition elements Halogens Noble Gases
What are the 5 groups of the periodic table?
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen
What are the four most important elements for humans?
Alkali metals
What are the most reactive of the two? Alkali metals Alkaline Earth metals
-273 Celcius
What is the coldest temperature possible?
Chemical change
When a _____________ __________ takes place the original substance is turned into one or more new substances with new chemical and physical properties
Condenses
When gas molecules lose energy and form a liquid
Evaporates
When molecules on the surface gain sufficient energy to form a gas
B C D
Which of the following contains chemicals? A. Sunlight B. Fruit C. Milk D. Breakfast Cereal
A) 6.4 x 10^4 B) 2.1 x 10^-2
Write each in scientific notation... A) 64000 B) 0.021
A) I B) Fe C) Mg D) Zn E) N
Write the correct chemical symbol for each: A) Iodine B) Iron C) Magnesium D) Zinc E) Nitrogen
Mixture
a type of matter the consists of.... - two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined - twp or more substances in different proportions - substances that can be separated by physical methods
The International System of Units (SI)
an official system of measurement used throughout the world for units of length, volume, mass, temperature, and time.
Nonmetals
are dull, brittle and poor conductors but often good insulators
Element
pure substances that contain only one type of material, such as... - Copper (Cu) - Lead (Pb) - Aluminum (Al)
Chemicals
substances that have the same composition and properties wherever found
Atomic mass
weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element