Chemistry Exam 1

Nano

0.000 000 001 10^-9

Micro

0.000 001 10^-6

Milli

0.001 10^-3

Centi

0.01 10^-2

Deci

0.1 10^-1

Kilo

1 000 10^3

Mega

1 000 000 10^6

Giga

1 000 000 000 10^9

Gas

A _________ takes the shape and volume of its container

Solid

A _____________ has a definite volume and shape

Liquid

A _______________ has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container

Homogeneous mixture

A composition that is uniform throughout... - The different parts of the mixture are not visible. Ex. Brass

Heterogeneous

A composition varies from one part of the mixture to another - The different parts of the mixture are visible. Ex. Copper metal and water

Filtration

A mixture of a liquid and a solid is separated by...

- A type of matter with a fixed or definite composition - An element that is composed of one type of element - A compound that is composed of two or more elements always combined in the same porportion

A pure substance is classified as...

Scientific Method

A set of general principles that helps to describe how a scientist thinks

A) kilo B) Milli C) Centi

A) 1000m= 1 _______m B) 1x10^-3g= 1___________g C) 0.01m= 1__________m

Gases

An indefinite shape An indefinite volume The same shape and volume as their container Particles that are far apart Particles that move very fast

Liquids

An indefinite shape but a definite volume The same shape as their container Particles that are close together but mobile Particles that move slowly

Matter

Another word for all substances that makes up our world. Anything that has mass and occupies space Ex. Water, Air, Glass

Physical properties

Are characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance

Macrominerals

Are representative elements involved in... - The formation of bones and teeth - Maintenance of heart and blood vessels, etc.

Created Deystroyed

Atoms are never _______________ or _________________ during a chemical reaction

212 F 100 C 373 K

Boiling points for K, Celsius, Fahrenheit

Mixtures

Contain two or more different substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined

Compound

Contains two or more elements in a definite ratio, such as... - Hydrogen peroxide (H202) - Table salt (NaCl) - Sugar - Water (H20)

6.21

Correctly round the following... 65.09 - 3.0=

8.6 cm squared

Correctly use the right amount of SF... 24.66cm x 0.35cm =

Chemical properties

Describe the ability of a substance: - to interact with other substances - to change into a new substance

Potential Energy

Energy stored for use at a later time. Ex. Water at the top of a dam

Mettalloids

Exhibit properties of metals and nonmetals. Are better conductors than nonmetals but not as good as metals

Multiplication and Division

Fewest Sig Figs are used during...

Subtraction or addition

Fewest decimal places is used during...

32 F 0 C 272 K

Freezing point of water for K, C, F

Depostion

Gas particles change directly to a solid

Water boils to form water vapor Paper is cut into tiny pieces of confetti

Give 2 examples of a Physical change

Shape, physical state, boiling and freezing points and color of substance

Give an example of physical property

Meter (m) Liter (L) Gram (g) Celcius (C) Second (s)

Give the correct measurement for each... Length Volume Mass Temperature Time

A) Phosphorus B) Aluminum C) Manganese D) Hydrogen C) Potassium

Give the names of the elements: A) P B) Al C) Mn D) H E) K

Reddish-orange color Shiny Excellent conductor of heat and electricity Solid at 25 C Melting point 1083 C Boiling point 2567 C

Give the physical properties of copper

Shiny, silver metal reacts in air to give a black grainy coating A piece of wood burns with bright flame that produces heat, ashes, carbon dioxide and water vapor

Give two examples of a chemical change

Solids

Have a definite shape A definite volume Particles are close together in a fixed arrangement Particles that move slowly

Pure Substances

Have a fixed or definite composition

Heterogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous Heterogeneus

Homogeneous or heterogeneous: A) hot fudge B) shampoo C) Sugar water D) peach pie

part/whole * 100

How do you calculate a percentage?

Add 273

How do you get Celsius to Kelvins?

D= m/v

How do you measure density?

-Observe the numerical value of the marked lines - Estimate the value of the number between the marks.

How is length measured?

A) Mixture B) Pure Substance C) Pure Substance D) Mixture

Identify each of the following as a pure substance or mixture... A) Pasta and tomato sauce B) Aluminum foil C) Helium D) Air

Mixture Pure Substance Pure Substance Mixture

Identify each of the following as a pure substance or mixture: A) Pasta and tomato sauce B) Aluminium foil C) Helium D) Air

A) Observation B) Conclusion C) Hypothesis

Identify each of the following as an observation, a hypothesis, an experiment, or a conclusion: A) During your visit to the gym, your trainer records that you ran for 25 minutes on the treadmill B) Scientific studies show that exercising lowers blood pressure. C) Your doctor thinks that your weight loss is due to increased excersise

A) Liquid B) Gas C) Gas D) Solid E) Liquid

Identify if Solid, Gas, or Liquid: A) It has definite volume but takes the shape of the container B) Its particles are moving rapidly C) Its particles fill the entire volume of a container D) Its particles have a fixed arrangement E) Its particles are close together but moving randomly

A) cm B) kg C) kL

Identify the larger unit.... A) mm or cm B) kg or cg C) kL or mcl

A) 4 B) 5 C) 4

Identify the sig figs in each of the following... A) 0.002650 m B) 43.026 g C) 1044000 L

Vertical

Is a Group horizontal or vertical?

Temperature

Is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object

Horizontal

Is a period horizontal or vertical?

Nucleus

Located in the center of the atom, that contains protons and neutrons and represent most of the mass of an atom

Energy

Makes objects move. Defined as the ability to do work

A) Metal B) Nonmetal C) Metalloid D) Metal E) Nonmetal

Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid? A) Sodium B) Chlorine C) Silicon D) Iron E) Carbon

1. Observations 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiments 4. Conclusion

Name the process of the Scientific Method:

Electrons

Negative charge (same as the proton)

Neutrons

Neutral Charge (mass number - atomic number)

98.6 F 37 C 310 K

Normal body temp. for K, C, F

Exact numbers

Not measured and do not have a limited number of sig figs Ex. 8 cookies

Physical change

Occurs in a substance if there is: - A change in the state - A change in they physical shape - No change in the identity and composition of the substance

A) Chemical B) Physical C) Chemical D) Physical E) Chemical

Physical or Chemical property: A) Burning a candle B) Ice melting on the street C) Toasting a marshmallow D) Cutting a pizza E) Iron rusting in an old car

A) Physical B) Physical C) Chemical D) Chemical E) Physical

Physical or Chemical property: A) Ice melts in the sun B) Copper is a shiny metal C) Paper can burn D) A silver knife can tarnish E) A magnet removes iron particles from a mixture

Protons

Positive charge (same as the atomic number)

A) Kinetic B) Potential C) Kinetic D) Potential

Potential or Kinetic? A) Rollerblading B) A peanut butter sandwich C) Mowing the lawn D) Gas in the gas tank

Elements

Pure substances which all other things are built Cannot be broken down

A) 3.15 g B) 3.1 g

Round 3.1457 g to each of the following.... A) 3 sf B) 2 sf

Metals

Shiny, ductile and conduct heat and electricty

Decomposition

The ___________________ of salt, NaCl produces the elements sodium and chlorine

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion Ex. Swimming

Mass

The measure of the quantity of material an object contains

Sublimation

The particles on the surface of the solid change directly to a vapor

Volume

The space occupied by a substance

Chemistry

The study of composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter.

100 degrees

There are how many degrees between the boiling and freezing point on the Celsius scale?

180

There are how many degrees between the boiling and freezing point on the Fahrenheit scale

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition elements Halogens Noble Gases

What are the 5 groups of the periodic table?

Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen

What are the four most important elements for humans?

Alkali metals

What are the most reactive of the two? Alkali metals Alkaline Earth metals

-273 Celcius

What is the coldest temperature possible?

Chemical change

When a _____________ __________ takes place the original substance is turned into one or more new substances with new chemical and physical properties

Condenses

When gas molecules lose energy and form a liquid

Evaporates

When molecules on the surface gain sufficient energy to form a gas

B C D

Which of the following contains chemicals? A. Sunlight B. Fruit C. Milk D. Breakfast Cereal

A) 6.4 x 10^4 B) 2.1 x 10^-2

Write each in scientific notation... A) 64000 B) 0.021

A) I B) Fe C) Mg D) Zn E) N

Write the correct chemical symbol for each: A) Iodine B) Iron C) Magnesium D) Zinc E) Nitrogen

Mixture

a type of matter the consists of.... - two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined - twp or more substances in different proportions - substances that can be separated by physical methods

The International System of Units (SI)

an official system of measurement used throughout the world for units of length, volume, mass, temperature, and time.

Nonmetals

are dull, brittle and poor conductors but often good insulators

Element

pure substances that contain only one type of material, such as... - Copper (Cu) - Lead (Pb) - Aluminum (Al)

Chemicals

substances that have the same composition and properties wherever found

Atomic mass

weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element