Chemistry Exam 5-17-21

Balance: 1. 2^Mg+O^2 to _MgO 2. _P+5^O2 to 2^P2O5 3. Ca+S to __

1. 2 2.4 3. CaS

2N+2^H3 to _NH3

2

To form cyclohexane, a molecule of hexane loses _ hydrogen atoms to satisfy the covalency of carbon. A molecule of cyclohexane loses _ hydrogen atoms to form benzene.

2 and 6

Choose the words to finish the sentence.2NO + Cl2 →→ 2NOCl One possible mole ratio for this equation is

2 mol NO/2 mol NOCl

Fill in the blanks with coefficients to balance the chemical equation shown: _Al+_CuCl2 to _Cu+_AlCl3

2, 3, 3, 2

_H2S+_O2 to _SO2+_H2O

2,3,2,2

An alkyne should have how many bonds?

3

What is the mol ratio of sodium carbonate to aluminum chloride in this reaction?2AlCl3(aq) + 3Na2CO3(aq) → 6NaCl(aq) + Al2(CO3)3(s)

3:2

The balanced equation for the combination reaction between calcium and nitrogen.

3^Ca + N2 →→ Ca3N2

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid is as follows: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)In order to produce 5 moles of H2(g), how many moles of Mg and HCl are needed?

5 moles of Mg and 10 moles of HCl

Hydrogen and carbon atoms combine to form hydrocarbons. Two line-angle formulas of hydrocarbons are shown.The boiling points of the two hydrocarbons, in random order, are 150.8°C and 98.4°C. Which answer best matches the structure of A and B to their boiling points and why? Molecule a is shorter than molecule b A. Molecule B has a boiling point of 150.8°C, and molecule A has a boiling point of 98.4°C, because B has a larger surface area, so the intermolecular forces are stronger. B. Molecule A has a boiling point of 150.8°C, and molecule B has a boiling point of 98.4°C, because A has a smaller surface area, so the intermolecular forces are stronger. C. Molecule B has a boiling point of 98.4°C, and molecule A has a boiling point of 150.8°C, because A has a greater number of carbon atoms. D. Molecule A has a boiling point of 150.8°C, and molecule B has a boiling point of 98.4°C, because B has a greater number of carbon atoms.

A

Mixing a strong acid with a strong base produces a neutralization reaction with which of the following products? A. salt and water B. salt and hydrogen C. salt and carbon dioxide D. salt, carbon dioxide, and water

A

Propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH) dissolves in water to produce two products. Select the equation that best represents the reaction between propanoic acid and water. A. CH3CH2COOH + H2O ⇋ CH3CH2COO⁻ + H3O⁺ B. CH3CH2COOH + H2O ⇋ CHCHCOO⁻ + 2H3O⁺ C. CH3CH2COOH + H2O ⇋ CH3CCOO⁻ + H3O⁺ + 2H⁺ D. CH3CH2COOH + H2O ⇋ CHCH2COO⁻ + H3O⁺ + 3H⁺

A

What are the products of the self-ionization of water? A. OH- and H3O+ B. H3O7+ and H2O C. H2O and H3O− D. OH+ and OH−

A

Bases dissolve in water. Determine which equations represent bases in water. Select all that apply. A. NH3 + H2O ⇌⇌ NH4⁺ + OH⁻ B. NH3 + H2O ⇌⇌ NH2 + H3O⁺ C. C5H5N + H2O ⇌⇌ C5H4N⁻ + H3O⁺ D. C5H5N + H2O ⇌⇌ C5H5NH⁺ + OH⁻

A and D

The ideal gas equation relates the four gas laws, Boyle's, Charles's, Gay-Lussac's and Avogadro's, into one. However, it does not take into account some properties of real gases, which the Van der Waals equation provides some corrections for. What properties of real gases are ignored by the ideal gas equation? Select all that apply. A. particle size B. particle pressure C. number of particles D. kinetic energy of particles E. attractive forces between particles

A and E

This chemical reaction follows the law of conservation of mass.Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) ⟶ 2H2O(l) + MgCl2(aq)Which of the statements are true? Select all that apply. A. In this reaction, atoms rearrange to form new molecules. B. Atoms are created and destroyed in this chemical reaction. C. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in this chemical reaction. D. In this reaction, atoms do not rearrange to form new molecules. E. In this reaction, the number of atoms of the reactants is the same as the number of atoms of the products. F. In this reaction, the number of atoms of the reactants is different than the number of atoms of the products.

A, C, and E

CH3(CH2)10CH3 reacts with another substance to form carbon dioxide and water.This is an example of A. decomposition. B. combustion. C. methylation. D. polymerization.

B

The given addition reaction takes place at 100°C in the presence of acidulated water:CH3CH = CHCH3 + H2O ⟶What is the condensed structural formula of the expected product? A. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3 B. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 C. CH3CH(OH)CH3CH3 D. CH3CH2CH2CH3

B

What happens to gas particles within a closed container when the temperature increases? A. The kinetic energy of the particles decreases. B. The kinetic energy of the particles increases. C. The kinetic energy of the particles stays the same. D. The kinetic energy of the particles decreases, then increases.

B

What might be the reason why fatty acids do not mix or dissolve in water? A. The presence of a hydroxyl group makes them less reactive. B. The presence of long hydrocarbon chains makes them hydrophobic. C. The presence of a carboxylic acid group makes them hydrophobic. D. The presence of multiple carbon atoms makes them likely to form hydrogen bonds.

B

n oxygen tank is being filled at a hospital for asthma patients. As the tank is being filled, what is true about the gas in the tank? A. The volume of the gas in the tank will increase. As more gas is pumped into the tank, there will be more gas particles, and they will take up more space. B. The pressure of the gas in the tank will increase. As more gas is pumped into the tank, there will be more collisions of gas particles and so more pressure. C. The kinetic energy of the gas in the tank will increase. As more gas is pumped into the tank, the gas particles move about faster, leading to more kinetic energy. D. The temperature of the gas in the tank will increase. As more gas is pumped into the tank, the gas particles will get hotter, leading to increased gas temperature.

B

How do greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, influence Earth's climate? Select all that apply. A. Greenhouse gases block solar radiation from entering Earth's atmosphere. B. Greenhouse gases allow solar radiation to pass through Earth's atmosphere. C. Greenhouse gases create infrared radiation, allowing heat to escape into space. D. Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation, trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere.

B and D

Which mole ratios are possible for this equation? Select all that apply.3N2H4 →→ 4NH3 + N2 A. 2 mol N2/3 mol N2H4 B. 1 mol N2/3 mol N2H4 C. 3 mol NH3/4 mol N2H4 D. 4 mol NH3/3 mol N2H4 E. 3 mol NH3/2 mol N2

B and D

Which statements about limiting and excess reagents are true? Select all that apply. A. Any reactant that is not used up during the chemical reaction is called a limiting reagent. B. Any reactant that is not used up during the chemical reaction is called a excess reagent. C. The reactant that determines how much product can be formed during a chemical reaction is called the limiting reagent. D. The reactant that determines how much product can be formed during a chemical reaction is called the excess reagent. E. The chemical reaction continues after the limiting reagent is used up because some amount of the other reactant remains. F. The chemical reaction stops after the limiting reagent is used up even though some amount of the other reactant remains.

B, C, and F

A carbon atom has four valence electrons and is able to combine with itself and with other elements, including hydrogen and oxygen, among others. Carbon compounds are generally classified as organic. Select the compound that is not an organic compound. A. propane B. sugar C. carbon dioxide D. alcohol

C

A class is conducting an investigation on four gases, CO2, Cl2, He, and N2, to determine which comes closest to displaying ideal gas behavior. Students measure how the volume of the gases change under different conditions of temperature and pressure. The class has a one mole sample of each gas, and students use calculations from the ideal gas equation to predict the expected volume of the gas. Students perform tests on each gas under the conditions they used in their calculations, then measure and record the related gas volume. They compare their results for each gas against the predicted value. Based on the investigation, which gas would come closest to displaying ideal gas behavior? A. CO2 B. Cl2 C. He D. N2

C

A traveler heading on a trip packs a bag of mixed nuts for the plane. As the plane travels higher in the atmosphere, the inside pressure of the plane decreases to 85 kPa. Midway through the plane ride, the traveler decides to have the mixed nuts as a snack. The traveler discovers that the bag has inflated when it is taken out to be opened. The initial volume of the bag of mixed nuts was 250 mL at 101 kPa. Select the gas law and explanation that best describes the phenomenon that the traveler experienced on the plane. A. Charles's law: as the pressure of a gas decreases, the volume decreases B. Gay-Lussac's law: as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume increases C. Boyle's law: as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases D. Graham's law: as the pressure of a gas decreases, the volume decreases

C

Container 1 is bigger and Container 2 is smaller with the same number of particles. Select the best statement that describes the number of collisions among the gas molecules in the containers. A. The number of collisions among the gas molecules is the same in both containers because volume does not affect collisions. B. The number of collisions among the gas molecules is greater in container 1 than in container 2 because the volume is larger. C. The number of collisions among the gas molecules is greater in container 2 than in container 1 because the volume is smaller. D. The number of collisions among the gas molecules is greater in container 2 than in container 1 because volume does not affect collisions.

C

Death Valley in California is 86 m below sea level. Select the option that describes the partial pressure of oxygen in Death Valley. A. The partial pressure will be the same as at sea level at all times. B. The partial pressure will be lower than at sea level at all times. C. The partial pressure will be higher than at sea level at all times. D. The partial pressure will be higher than at sea level at some times and lower at other times.

C

The components of a buffer system help to keep the pH at equilibrium A. only when H+ is added to the system. B. only when OH- is added to the system. C. when H+ or OH- are added to the system. D. only when H2O is added to the system.

C

The organic compound 2,2-dimethylbutane is sometimes used as a component of motor and aviation fuel. Which molecular formula represents the condensed structural formula for 2,2-dimethylbutane? A. (CH3)3CCH2CH3 B. CH3CH(CH3)CH3 C. CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH3 D. CH3C(CH3)3CH2CH3

C

Acids and bases share some common properties. Which of the properties mentioned below do acids and bases share? Select all that apply. A. Both acids and bases have a sour taste. B. Both acids and bases are slippery to the touch. C. Both acids and bases can conduct electricity in aqueous solutions. D. Both acids and bases affect indicators such as litmus paper.

C and D

Bromine water, which is reddish brown in color, is decolorized when added to certain hydrocarbons. Which statement best describes the hydrocarbons that will decolorize bromine water? A. Alkanes will decolorize bromine water because they are the only unsaturated hydrocarbons. B. Alkanes and alkenes will decolorize bromine water because they are both saturated hydrocarbons. C. Alkynes will decolorize bromine water because they are the only saturated hydrocarbons. D. Alkenes and alkynes will decolorize bromine water because they are both unsaturated hydrocarbons.

D

Consider the following organic reaction:C4H9Cl + KOH ⟶ C4H9OH + KClWhat type of reaction is this? A. Addition, because two parts of the reagent are added to an organic compound. B. Halogenation, because there are weak dispersion forces throughout the reaction. C. Hydration, because water is being added to an organic compound. D. Substitution, because an atom or group of atoms replaces another atom or group.

D

The figure shows the reaction of acetic acid in water. Identify the conjugate acid of water in this reaction. A. water B. acetic acid C. acetate ion D. hydronium ion

D

Which of the following is the best example of denaturation? A. High heat breaks a covalent bond, which breaks the amino acid chain apart. B. Bases add water to a peptide chain, creating individual amino acids. C. Cold temperatures freeze and shatter a primary structure. D. Intermolecular forces are disrupted through the addition of heat.

D

Which statement correctly describes the difference in energy between molecules of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? Assume that an equivalent number of molecules that also have the same chain length are being compared. A. Saturated fat molecules have more energy due to the presence of a single carbon-carbon bond. B. Unsaturated fat molecules contain more energy due to the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond. C. Unsaturated fat molecules have more energy because the carbon-carbon bond has more energy than two carbon-hydrogen bonds. D. Saturated fat molecules have more energy because the two extra carbon-hydrogen bonds have more energy than one carbon-carbon double bond.

D

When NaCl was added to the water, the molecules dissociate into Na+ and Cl- _______ photons neutrons ions protons , which were then surrounded by a shell of water molecules called a _____ electron shell valence shell solvation shell closed shell .

Ions and solvation shell

Sodium hydrogen carbonate decomposes to form sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide, and water. The skeleton equation for this reaction is:

NaHCO3 →→ Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

AB to A+B Explain what it is

One reactant and two products are involved in a decomposition reaction.

Read each description of the various conditions that are likely to affect the pressure of a gas. Drag each description into the correct box. Temp. is lowered from 15 to 10 degrees C Temp. rises from 20 to 30 degrees C More molecules of gas are introduced into the container The volume of the container holding gas is increased Box: Pressure increased Pressure decreased

Pressure Increases: Temp. rises from 20 to 30 degrees C More molecules of gas are introduced in the container Pressure Decreased: Temp. is lowered from 15 to 10 degrees C The volume of the container holding gas is increased

The number of _____ atoms in the parent chain determines the prefix of a hydrocarbon. The suffix is determined by the presence of a specific type of ______.

carbon and bond

Name the reaction: C3H8 + 5^O2 →→3^CO2 + 4^H2O

combustion reaction

Two different hydrocarbons have the chemical formulas C4H8 and C3H8, respectively. The molecular structure of C4H8 is a hydrocarbon ring, and the molecular structure of C3H8 consists of a straight chain. The hydrocarbon with the formula C4H8 is _______, and C3H8 is________. Between these two hydrocarbons, the molecule with the ________ structure will have a higher boiling point.

cyclobutane, propane, and hydrocarbon ring

According to Boyle's law, if the volume is divided in half, pressure will _______, so long as the number of particles in a gas ________.

double and remain constant

In the _______ reaction between CuSO4 and NaOH, CuSO4 is a _______ and Na2SO4 is a ______. The number "2" in the formula 2NaOH is a ________.

endothermic, reactant, product, and coefficient

Gas particles will ________ o occupy the available space in the container. The large amount of space between gas particles also means that the volume of the gas can be made to decrease if the pressure on the gas is _______. This will lead to ______ collisions between particles. Decreasing the gas volume in this way is a measure of the gas's

expand, increased, more, and compressibility

Nucleotides form _______ in sets known as base pairs. This structure holds together the _______, which is folded into chromosomes.

hydrogen bonds and double helix

Phospholipid molecules are found in cell membranes. Their ______ ends are attracted to water. Their ______ ends repel water. This double layer enables the cell to form a ______ to keep the contents of the cell in while allowing certain molecules to move into and out of the cell.

hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and barrier

All chemical equations adhere to the law of conservation of mass. According to this law, the number of atoms on the reactant side ________ the number of atoms on the product side. This means that the total mass of reactants _________ the total mass of products. The total amount of moles in the reactants compared to the total amount of moles in the products of a reaction __________ since some atoms may rearrange to form new products.

is the same as, is the same as, may be different

The energy found in the food you eat is measured in _______. Monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones that have numerous additional hydroxyl groups attached are called ______. They are used to _______Compounds that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group are called _______. Water-insoluble compounds like oils and fats are called ______. If they have _____ chains, then they are liquids or oils. Monomers that are made from a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base are called ______.

kilocalories, carbohydrates, store energy in cells, amino acids, lipids, unsaturated, and nucleotides

The neutralization of ______ with _____ results in the formation of potassium sulfate.

potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid

A hot-air balloon rises in the air and does not change in shape as long as the _____ caused by collisions of molecules inside is equal to that outside the balloon. If more gas is pumped into the balloon, the number of collisions of gas molecules inside will _________. To counter this, the balloon will _______ in size.

pressure, increase, and expand

H2 + O2 →→ H2O is an example of a skeleton equation. The chemicals on the left side of the arrow are present before the reaction takes place and are called ________, and the chemicals on the right side of the arrow are formed after the reaction has occurred and are called _________ .

products and reactants

H2 + O2 →→ H2O is an example of a skeleton equation. The chemicals on the left side of the arrow are present before the reaction takes place and are called ____________, and the chemicals on the right side of the arrow are formed after the reaction has occurred and are called _________.

reactants and products

Name the reaction: Mg+2^HCl to MgCl2+H2

single replacement reaction

Interpret the equation in terms of interacting particles.2PbS + 3O2 →→ 2PbO + 2SO2 In this reaction, there is/are _ oxygen atom(s) on the reactant side of the equation and _ oxygen atoms on the product side of the reaction equation.

six and six

The production of an alcohol from a halocarbon is a(n) ________reaction in which the halogen group on a halocarbon is replaced by a ________ Unsaturated hydrocarbons, however, readily undergo________ reactions to form saturated compounds.

substitution, hydroxide ion, and addition

Observe the reaction. N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⟶ 2NH3(g)In this reaction, _ mole(s) of H2 is/are proportional with _ mole(s) of NH3.

three, two

Fatty acids with the cis and trans configurations are _______ hydrocarbons because of the double bond present. However, they are _______ isomers and have different properties. _______ Isomers are a pair of _______ carbons that are mirror images.

unsaturated, geometric, optical, and assymetrical