Chemistry study guide
what is the density of 3.84g object whose volume is 12.0cm³?
0.32g/cm³
what is the density of an object whose length is 2cm, width is 3cm and height is 6cm and mass is 18g?
0.5g/cm³
what is the volume of an object whose density is 0.25g/cm³ and mass is 0.040kg. (dimensional analysis)
160m³
If 48 grams of carbon are burned in the presence of 128 grams of oxygen, the amount of carbon dioxide that forms will be ______.
176 grams
A 40g object is placed in 70.35ml of water. The volume rises to 87.4ml. what is the density of the object?
2.3g/cm³
In a sample of H2SO4 containing 200 sulfur (S) atoms, how many atoms of hydrogen (H) would there be?
400
The density of steel is 2.9g/cm³. If i had 0.0025m³ of it, what would its mass be?
7250g
if copper has a density of 2.7g/cm³ and I have 2.5x10^-2kg of it, what would its volume be?
9.3cm³
chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances(digestion, boiling an egg)
liquid
A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
Gas
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Product
A substance produced in a chemical reaction( produced at the end)
Which of the following can be classified as a substance? A. bar of gold B. newspaper C. nail polish D. chocolate chip cookie
A. bar of gold
Which of the following is a physical property of a substance in the liquid state? A. definite volume B. indefinite mass C. not easily compressed D. definite shape
A. definite volume
Which of the following indicates that a physical change has taken place? A. fracture formation B. gas production C. precipitate formation D. energy transfer
A. fracture formation
Which state of matter expands when heated and is easy to compress? A. gas B. liquid only C. solid only D. both B and C
A. gas
What happens to matter during a chemical reaction? A. Matter is neither destroyed or created. B. Some matter is destroyed. C. Some matter is created. D. Some matter is destroyed and some is created.
A. matter is neither destroyed or created.
Which of the following characteristics best describe the properties of liquids? Select all that apply. A. Not easily compressed B. Easily compressed into a smaller volume C. Takes the shape of its container D. Has indefinite shape and fixed volume E. Has definite shape and volume F. Particles are packed tightly together, often in an orderly arrangement G. Expands to fill any volume
A. not easily compressed C. takes the shape of its container D. Has indefinite shape and volume
Which of the following characteristics best describe the properties of solids? Select all that apply. A. Not easily compressed B. Easily compressed into a smaller volume C. Takes the shape of its container D. Has indefinite shape and fixed volume E. Has definite shape and volume F. Particles are packed tightly together, often in an orderly arrangement G. Expands to fill any volume
A. not easily compressed E. has definite shape and volume F. Particles are packed tightly together, often in an orderly arrangement
When an egg is boiled, what type of change is likely taking place? A. a physical change B. a chemical change C. neither a physical change nor a chemical change D. both a physical change and a chemical change
A. physical change
Identify the physical properties of aluminum from the paragraph below. Aluminum is the most common metal in the Earth's crust. It is silvery white in color. It is highly chemically reactive and insoluble in water. The melting point of aluminum is 660.32ºC. Because aluminum is malleable and ductile, it can be used to manufacture a wide range of products. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat. Aluminum is difficult and expensive to refine from ores such as bauxite. A. silvery white B. chemically reactive C. melting point = 660.32°C D. malleable E. expensive
A. silvery white C. melting point= 660.32°C D. malleable
Which of the following indicates that a chemical change has happened during cooking? A. The food darkens. B. Bubbles form in boiling water. C. Butter melts. D. Energy is transferred from the stove to a pan.
A. the food darkens
Which of the following is true about homogeneous mixtures? A. They are known as solutions. B. They consist of two or more phases. C. They have compositions that never vary. D. They are always liquids.
A. they are known as solutions
For elements to have similar physical and chemical properties, what must be true about them? A. They must be in the same group (column) of the periodic table. B. They must be in the same period (row) of the periodic table. C. Their atomic numbers must differ by no more than one. D. They must always be in the same state of matter.
A. they must be in the same group (column) of the periodic table.
Which of the following characteristics best describe the properties of gases? Select all that apply. A. Not easily compressed B. Easily compressed into a smaller volume C. Takes the shape of its container D. Has indefinite shape and fixed volume E. Has definite shape and volume F. Particles are packed tightly together, often in an orderly arrangement G. Expands to fill any volume
B. Easily compressed into a smaller volume C. takes the shape of its container D. Has indefinite shape and fixed volume G. expands to fill any volume
Select the examples that provide evidence of chemical change. A. The solid begins to melt as heat is applied to it. B. Two odorless liquids combine to form a unique odor. C. The salt crystals dissolve in water as the mixture is stirred. D. The beaker feels hot to the touch after adding the powder to the blue liquid.
B. Two odorless liquids combine to form a unique odor. D. The beaker feels hot to the touch after adding the powder to the blue liquid.
Which of the following is an indication that a chemical change has taken place? A. A solid melts to form a liquid. B. A precipitate forms in a liquid mixture. C. A liquid evaporates. D. A solid dissolves in a liquid.
B. a precipitate forms in a liquid mixture
Select all examples of chemical change: A. melting steel B. burning kerosene C. painting a house D. oxygen reacting with iron to form rust E. fermentation of grain forming alcohol and carbon dioxide
B. burning kerosene D. oxygen reacting with iron to form rust E. fermentation of grain forming alcohol and carbon dioxide
The first letter in a properly written chemical symbol is always _____. A. bold faced B. capitalized C. italicized D. underlined
B. capitalized
When paper turns yellow-brown upon exposure to sunlight, what type of change is likely taking place? A. a physical change B. a chemical change C. neither a physical change nor a chemical change D. both a physical change and a chemical change
B. chemical change
Which of the following would be the correct classification of pure water? A. element B. compound C. mixture D. solution
B. compound
Which of the following is a mixture? A. baking soda B. mayonnaise C. sucrose D. table salt
B. mayonnaise
A horizontal row of the periodic table is usually referred to as a _____. A. family B. period C. group D. property
B. period
Adding lime to wastewater causes heavy metals to settle to the bottom of the water tank. This chemical process results in the formation of a A. gas. B. precipitate. C. reactant.
B. precipitate
Which of the following can be classified as a mixture? A. pure water B. pure air C. pure nitrogen D. pure gold
B. pure air
An example of a homogeneous mixture is ______. A. distilled water B. stainless steel C. noodle soup D. oxygen
B.stainless steel
The number of periods that are currently in the periodic table is ____. A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
C. 7
How do vapors and gases differ? A. Generally, a gas is in the solid state at room temperature and a vapor is in the gaseous state at room temperature. B. Generally, a gas is in the liquid state at room temperature and a vapor is in the solid state at room temperature. C. Generally, a gas is in the gaseous state at room temperature and a vapor is in either the solid state or liquid state at room temperature. D. The terms gas and vapor are always used interchangeably; there is no difference.
C. Generally, a gas is in the gaseous state at room temperature and a vapor is in either the solid state or liquid state at room temperature.
Which of the following represents a compound? A. H B. H-3 C. H2O D. O-16
C. H2O
Which of the following processes involves a change in physical properties? A. rusting B. fermenting C. boiling D. burning
C. boiling
Which action changes the identity of the substance referenced? A. melting gold B. running an electric current through copper C. corroding iron D. breaking an ice cube
C. corroding iron
Two liquids in a mixture are separated in a process where the mixture is boiled, so that one of the components produces a vapor. That vapor is then condensed into a liquid in a separate container. This process is called ____. A. filtration B. decanting C. distillation D. unmixing
C. distillation
Which of the following is a chemical change? A. grating cheese B. melting cheese C. fermenting of cheese D. mixing two cheeses in a bowl
C. fermenting of cheese
Which of the following is considered a physical property of a substance? A. reaction with an acid B. products of decomposition C. malleability D. ability to oxidize
C. malleability
An example of an extensive property of matter is A. temperature. B. pressure. C. mass. D. hardness.
C. mass
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? A. vinegar in water B. milk C. oil and vinegar D. air
C. oil and vinegar
Which of the following is true about compounds? A. They can be physically separated into their component elements. B. They have compositions that vary. C. They are substances. D. They have properties similar to those of their component elements.
C. they are substances
The process of distillation could be used to separate which of these mixtures? A. sand and rocks B. carbon dioxide and nitrogen C. water and salt D. sugar and cornstarch
C. water and salt
Identify the following elements based on their chemical symbols: C, H, O
C: carbon H: hydrogen O: oxygen
What distinguishes a substance from a mixture? A. Substances are compounds, and mixtures are not. B. Mixtures are groupings of elements, and compounds are not. C. Samples of the same substance can have different intensive properties. D. The composition of substances cannot vary, while the composition of mixtures can.
D. The composition of substances cannot vary, while the composition of mixtures can.
Which of the following is true for all chemical reactions? A. The total mass of the reactants increases. B. The total mass of the products is greater than the total mass of the reactants. C. The total mass of the products is less than the total mass of the reactants. D. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
D. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products
Which of the following is a chemical property? A. color B. hardness C. freezing point D. ability to react with oxygen
D. ability to react with oxygen
A substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a(n) ____. A. solution B. element C. mixture D. compound
D. compound
Separating a solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid is called ____. A. filtration B. condensation C. solution D. distillation
D. distillation
A substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances by chemical means is called a(n) ____. A. solution B. mixture C. compound D. element
D. element
Which of the following is a physical property of water? A. It reacts with calcium metal to produce a basic solution. B. It can be decomposed by electrolysis. C. It is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. D. It has a melting point of 0 C.
D. it has a melting point of 0 C.
Which of the following is a chemical property of water at 4°C? A. its color B. its state C. its temperature D. its ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen
D. its ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen
Which substance has a chemical symbol that is derived from a Latin name? A. calcium B. hydrogen C. oxygen D. potassium
D. potassium
Which of the following materials is a substance? A. air B. gasoline C. stainless steel D. Silver
D. silver
The chemical formula of a compound indicates _____. A. the source of the elements in the compound B. how elements are joined in the compound C. the alchemy symbols for the elements in the compound D. the relative proportions of the elements in the compound
D. the relative proportions of the elements in the compound
Solid
Definite shape and volume
what type of matter is a bag of rocks?
Heterogeneous
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Mixture
a physical blend of two or more components
Filtration is used to separate ____.
a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
presipitate
a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
Reactant
a substance present at the start of a reaction
compound
a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion( compounds can breakdown chemically into elements)
what type of matter is silver?
an element
What must be done to be certain that a chemical change has taken place? A. Check for the production of bubbles before and after the change. B. Demonstrate that a release of energy occurred after the change. C. Check the composition of the sample before and after the change. D. Demonstrate that energy was absorbed by the reactants after the change.
c. Check the composition of the sample before and after the change.
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? A. air B. salt water C. steel D. soil
c. soil
malleable
capable of being shaped
chemical property
change of matter( used to identify a substance)
physical property
characteristics you can see without changing it ( color, hardness, boiling point)
What type of matter is carbon dioxide?
compound
A chemical change can break down..........into.........
compounds into elements
intensive property
depend on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter(absorbency, density, boiling point, melting point, magnetism)
extensive property
depends on the amount of matter in a sample( volume, mass, size, weight, length)
Indication of chemical change
energy goes in or exits(endothermic, exothermic), change in color/smell, production of gas/bubbles
Units of density
g/cm^3 or g/mL
Vapor
gas state of substance that is a liquid or a solid
Identify the intensive properties of a sample of matter:
hardness, color, reflectivity
heterogeneous
have no uniform properties and compensation( they don't completely mix)
homogeneous
have uniform properties and composition( completely mixed)
what are the two types of mixtures?
homogeneous and heterogeneous
what type of matter is milk?
homogeneous mixture
Is density intensive or extensive?
intensive
Which state of matter is characterized by having an indefinite shape, but a definite volume?
liquid
A substance that forms a vapor is generally in what physical state at room temperature?
liquid or solid
Magnetism
magnetics removes metals
Density Formula for density
mass/volume D=Mass/ volume
How many carbon atoms are there for every 2 oxygen atoms in CO2?
one
chemical reaction occurs when?
one or more substances emerge into one another or more substance
Separating mixtures into their components depends on the differences in the components' ____.
physical properties
Filtration
process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogenous mixture (separation based on size )
Classify each example as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. Salt Water salsa glue bucket of gravel oil and water
saltwater: homogenous salsa: heterogeneous glue: homogenous bucket of gravel: heterogeneous oil and water: heterogeneous
In each vertical column, or group, of the periodic table, the elements have ____.
similar chemical and physical properties
will 3.0 sink or float?
sink because greater than one.
When an iron nail is ground into powder, its mass ____.
stays the same
Distillation
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling (separation based on boiling point).
Element
the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties( elements combine chemically to make compounds)
will 0.2 sink or float.
will float because less than one.
