Chemistry Test 1- Final Exam Study Guide

Which of the following could NOT be the temperature of a solid?

-2 K

How many meters are in 10.0 cm?

0.100

A tablet contains 325.0 mg of the active ingredient. This mass may also be expressed as

0.3250 g

How many kilometers are in 800 m?

0.8

The results of an experiment are easiest to interpret when the experiment has ___________ variable(s).

1

A student working in the laboratory needs 200.0 g of a liquid chemical whose density is 0.690 g/cm^3. What volume of this liquid should they measure?

290 cm^3

The boiling point of a liquid is 178 C. What is this temperature on the Kelvin scale?

451 K

Which of the following represents a compound? (* is answer)

A) Co B) Mn C) CO_2 * D) Na

Which of the following represents an element? (* is answer)

A) HF B) Se * C) F_2 D) CO_2

Green chemists reduce the risks associated with the manufacture of a product by doing all of the following EXCEPT (* is answer)

A) Using materials that are less toxic B) Requiring workers to use protective equipment * C) Using smaller amounts of materials D) Considering the biodegradability of chemicals used to make the product

Which of the following does NOT involve chemistry?

A) creating materials for computers B) glycolysis C)burning of a forest D) All of the above involve chemistry

Joe conducts an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug for cancer. Which of the following variables would be easiest to control?

Amount of drug administered.

What is the chemical symbol for gold?

Au

The production of hydrogen gas by the electrolysis of water is a(n) ______________ process.

Chemical

Desirability Quotient

DQ = Benefits / Risks

The ancient Greek philosophers were probably the first to consider the behavior of matter in an organized way. What is the major distinction between the "Greek philosophers" and "modern scientists"?

Experimentation

A scientific hypothesis is

Explanatory, Predictive, and Testable

Matter is a measure of the amount of mass in an object.

False

Organic foods do not contain chemicals.

False

The substances in a heterogeneous mixture retain their chemical identity, but those in a homogeneous mixture do not.

False

Water has a density of 1.00 g/mL. If you put an object that has a density of 0.79 g/mL into water, it will sink to the bottom.

False

What is the chemical symbol for iron?

Fe

Scientific results must be verified by

Further experiment

Which of the following CANNOT be the chemical symbol for an element?

H_2

When doing a risk-benefit analysis by determining DQ, which situation is often the most difficult to evaluate from both an individual and societal perspective?

Large benefit and high risk

Which of these does NOT involve a chemical change?

Mercury is used in barometers because it has a high density

Tangible items or pictures used by scientists to represent invisible processes are called

Models

The melting of ice is an example of a(n) _____________ change.

Physical

Which of these is a chemical change?

Silkworms convert mulberry leaves into silk

What is the name of the element with the symbol Ag?

Silver

________ chemistry is designed to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations.

Sustainable

A scientific hypothesis is ____

Tentative

Chemist A claims that a new compound will inhibit the growth of a virulent strain of bacteria. When Chemist B from a different laboratory tests the compound against the same bacterial strain, the bacteria grow at their normal rate. Which of the following statements best describes what has happened?

The claim is incorrect, because the test has not been replicated.

The evaluation of societal risk includes all of the components of individual risk plus

The number of people affected by the incident

Which of the following was NOT a result of alchemy?

The philosopher's stone was successfully used to change base metals, such as lead, into gold.

Which of the following is NOT an outcome for companies that use green chemistry?

They no longer have to follow federal pollution guidelines.

All clothing contains chemicals

True

An example of a physical change is a gas becoming a liquid.

True

Chemistry affects every aspect of our daily lives

True

Heat will always flow from a warmer object to a cooler object.

True

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

True

Science does not prove a theory or hypothesis to be true. It can only prove something false.

True

The technology of smelting metals into ores was performed long before the science of metallurgy evolved.

True

The species represented by CO is

a molecule made up of carbon and oxygen

A chemist employed by an airplane manufacturer investigates new adhesives for the purpose of building airplanes without rivets. She engaged in

applied research

A chemical change always involves a change in the ______ of matter

composition

One of the hallmarks of science is the ability to think _______.

critically

A solution is another name for a(n)

homogeneous mixture

A gas is characterized by a(n)

indefinite shape and indefinite volume

A molecule

is the smallest characteristic part of a compound.

In the SI system of measurement, the unit of mass is the

kilogram

Methapyrilene, once an active ingredient in certain over-the-counter sleeping pills, was found to be a potent carcinogen (a substance that causes cancer). The pills were also found to be about as effective as placebos in prompting sleep. The desirability quotient (DQ) for methapyrilene is

low

Mass is a better measure of the amount of matter than weight is because

mass is independent of location

What is the name of the element with the symbol Hg?

mercury

In the SI system of measurement, the unit of length is the

meter

Vinegar is composed of approximately 5% acetic acid and 95% water. Which one of the following is the best classification of vinegar?

mixture

The physical state that retains both shape and volume is

solid

Archaeological evidence indicates that ancient Egyptians were brewing beer and other fermented beverages over 4000 years ago. In the mid-19th century, French scientist Louis Pasteur discovered and explained the source of fermentation using yeast. This example illustrates that

technological knowledge may come before scientific knowledge.

An example of a chemical change is browning of meat

true

Saccharin is used in some artificial sweeteners. Saccharin has been shown to be a very weak carcinogen in animal tests, but there is little evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Studies have also shown that artificial sweeteners provide little benefit to those who want to lose weight. The DQ for saccharin is

uncertain