chemistry unit 1 test

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How many electrons in an atom can have the following quantum numbers? n = 4, ℓ = 2

10

1L

1000cm^3

mixtures

2 or more components, can change, heterogenous (beach), homogenous (solution(sugar water))

How many orbitals are allowed in the subshell when ℓ = 2?

5

What is the formula of a compound containing Al³⁺ and S²⁻ ions?

Al₂S₃; Two aluminum ions are needed to balance out the negative charge on the three sulfur ions. This is the lowest number of each ion to reach a neutral formula unit.

wave diffraction

Bending of waves around obstacles.

Which scientist developed the nuclear model of the atom?

Ernest Rutherford

Which of the following statements about subatomic particles are false? I. Some atoms do not have any neutrons. II. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus. III. Some atoms do not have any protons.

III only

law of multiple proportions

John Dalton; elements are only expressed as small numbers

What is the formula for an ionic compound containing Mg²⁺ ions and N³⁻ ions?

Mg₃N₂

If a hydrogen (H) atom and a helium (He) atom travel at the same speed, which of the following is true about the de Broglie wavelengths of the atoms?

The H atom is about 4 times longer than the He atom

When an electron in excited energy level drops to a lower energy level, a photon is emitted. If the electron is dropping to n=1, which transition will emit the longest wavelength? n=______ to n=1.

The transition from n=2 to n=1 will be the lowest energy (longest wavelength) transition.

In the photoelectric effect, if the intensity of light shone on a metal increases, what will happen?

There will be more electrons ejected

Zeff (effective nuclear charge)

Z-S; protons minus inner electrons

L

angular momentum quantum number; shape of orbital

physical change

appearance changes but not substance identity ex) water boils

when a substance absorbs all wavelengths and reflects none

appears black

reflects all wavelengths and absorbs none

appears white

chemical change

atoms rearrange, new substance is created

allotropic modification

both objects are made of the same element but produced different products

particle behavior

bounces only out of the one opening

high amplitude

bright light

pure substance

cant change, elements or compounds, one component ex) water, air

absorbs and reflects some wavelengths

colored

extensive

depends on amount of substance (mass, volume, energy)

low amplitude

dim light

Energy of a photon is ______ proportional to frequency, and _______ proportional to wavelength

directly, inversely

gas

does not hold volume or shape, fills all available space, can be compressed

intensive

dont depend on amount of substance (density, boiling point, melting point)

Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect validated and made extensive use of which of the following equations?

e=hv

de brogiles proposal

every object is a wave or particle

down the group

higher radius

solids

holds volume and shape (crystalline-ordered, amorphus-not ordered)

liquid

holds volume, not shape

photoelectric effect

increase in frequency, more electrons ejected; light energy is delivered in photons

What is observed when a noble gas is heated and the emitted light shone through a prism?

individual lines of varying colors

anions are ____ than their parent atoms

larger

across period

lower radius

ml

magnetic quantum number; orientation of orbital

law of conservation of mass

matter can not be created or destroyed

form vapor

molecules float away at high temperature

pressure

molecules hit walls of container

temperature

molecules jiggle

droplets of water

molecules stick together

spin quantum number

ms, limits number of electrons per orbital

if an atom gets extra electrons, it becomes

negatively charged anion

if an atom loses electrons, it becomes

positively charged cation

n

principle quantum number; energy of electron in a particular orbital

amplitude

proportional to energy, brightness

transition metals

same radius

cations are _____ than their parent atoms

smaller

uncertainty principle/ heisenberg

the more you behave like a wave, the less you behave like a particle (vice versa), you can never know where an electron actually is bc position and momentum can never be 0 or else it violates the principle

constructive interference

waves in phases; add together

destructive interference

waves out of phase; cancels noise/ light

schrodingers equation

ψ; wave function: tells you where electron is likely to be but not where it exactly will be; describes wave shape of probability of electron

Which of the following is true concerning ψ²?

ψ² describes the probability of finding an electron in space

Dalton's atomic theory

∙ Elements are composed of atoms. ∙ Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element. ∙ A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms. ∙ All atoms of a given element are identical. ∙ Atoms are indestructible.


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