chemistry unit 1 test
How many electrons in an atom can have the following quantum numbers? n = 4, ℓ = 2
10
1L
1000cm^3
mixtures
2 or more components, can change, heterogenous (beach), homogenous (solution(sugar water))
How many orbitals are allowed in the subshell when ℓ = 2?
5
What is the formula of a compound containing Al³⁺ and S²⁻ ions?
Al₂S₃; Two aluminum ions are needed to balance out the negative charge on the three sulfur ions. This is the lowest number of each ion to reach a neutral formula unit.
wave diffraction
Bending of waves around obstacles.
Which scientist developed the nuclear model of the atom?
Ernest Rutherford
Which of the following statements about subatomic particles are false? I. Some atoms do not have any neutrons. II. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus. III. Some atoms do not have any protons.
III only
law of multiple proportions
John Dalton; elements are only expressed as small numbers
What is the formula for an ionic compound containing Mg²⁺ ions and N³⁻ ions?
Mg₃N₂
If a hydrogen (H) atom and a helium (He) atom travel at the same speed, which of the following is true about the de Broglie wavelengths of the atoms?
The H atom is about 4 times longer than the He atom
When an electron in excited energy level drops to a lower energy level, a photon is emitted. If the electron is dropping to n=1, which transition will emit the longest wavelength? n=______ to n=1.
The transition from n=2 to n=1 will be the lowest energy (longest wavelength) transition.
In the photoelectric effect, if the intensity of light shone on a metal increases, what will happen?
There will be more electrons ejected
Zeff (effective nuclear charge)
Z-S; protons minus inner electrons
L
angular momentum quantum number; shape of orbital
physical change
appearance changes but not substance identity ex) water boils
when a substance absorbs all wavelengths and reflects none
appears black
reflects all wavelengths and absorbs none
appears white
chemical change
atoms rearrange, new substance is created
allotropic modification
both objects are made of the same element but produced different products
particle behavior
bounces only out of the one opening
high amplitude
bright light
pure substance
cant change, elements or compounds, one component ex) water, air
absorbs and reflects some wavelengths
colored
extensive
depends on amount of substance (mass, volume, energy)
low amplitude
dim light
Energy of a photon is ______ proportional to frequency, and _______ proportional to wavelength
directly, inversely
gas
does not hold volume or shape, fills all available space, can be compressed
intensive
dont depend on amount of substance (density, boiling point, melting point)
Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect validated and made extensive use of which of the following equations?
e=hv
de brogiles proposal
every object is a wave or particle
down the group
higher radius
solids
holds volume and shape (crystalline-ordered, amorphus-not ordered)
liquid
holds volume, not shape
photoelectric effect
increase in frequency, more electrons ejected; light energy is delivered in photons
What is observed when a noble gas is heated and the emitted light shone through a prism?
individual lines of varying colors
anions are ____ than their parent atoms
larger
across period
lower radius
ml
magnetic quantum number; orientation of orbital
law of conservation of mass
matter can not be created or destroyed
form vapor
molecules float away at high temperature
pressure
molecules hit walls of container
temperature
molecules jiggle
droplets of water
molecules stick together
spin quantum number
ms, limits number of electrons per orbital
if an atom gets extra electrons, it becomes
negatively charged anion
if an atom loses electrons, it becomes
positively charged cation
n
principle quantum number; energy of electron in a particular orbital
amplitude
proportional to energy, brightness
transition metals
same radius
cations are _____ than their parent atoms
smaller
uncertainty principle/ heisenberg
the more you behave like a wave, the less you behave like a particle (vice versa), you can never know where an electron actually is bc position and momentum can never be 0 or else it violates the principle
constructive interference
waves in phases; add together
destructive interference
waves out of phase; cancels noise/ light
schrodingers equation
ψ; wave function: tells you where electron is likely to be but not where it exactly will be; describes wave shape of probability of electron
Which of the following is true concerning ψ²?
ψ² describes the probability of finding an electron in space
Dalton's atomic theory
∙ Elements are composed of atoms. ∙ Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element. ∙ A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms. ∙ All atoms of a given element are identical. ∙ Atoms are indestructible.
