Chemistry Unit 2 Test Study Guide

Select the correct substance that Kelvin applies to and the key point(s) used for that substance.

0 K is absolute zero Any substance

Which option best describes a phenomenon?

A situation that is observed to exist

Which statement best describes a phenomenon?

A situation that is observed to exist

Which option best describes a vacuum in the context of science.

A space deprived of matter.

Which option best describes the 3rd Law of Thermodynamics?

A substance at absolute zero is at its minimal energy state with no thermal energy.

Which option best describes a model?

An object that uses descriptions and symbols to demonstrate how and why something happens

Which option best describes a model?

An object that uses symbols to demonstrate how and why something happens

Which statement best describes a model?

An object that uses symbols to demonstrate how and why something happens

Which option best describes a particle?

Any very small piece of matter

Which statement best describes a particle?

Any very small piece of matter

Which option best describes a particle?

Any, very small piece of matter

Why can't the EXACT temperature of a substance be measured?

Because when we measure something we disrupt it. Meaning if we were to put a thermometer in a boiling hot container of water the temperature will change because the thermometer is not the same temperature as the boiling hot water.

Which option best describes intermolecular forces?

The attraction between molecules that encourage them to stay close

Which statement best describes intermolecular forces?

The attraction between molecules that encourage them to stay close.

Which option best describes pressure in the context of physical science?

The force created as a result of many particle collisions with a surface.

Which option best describes intramolecular forces?

The forces between atoms that hold them together to create a molecule

Which statement best describes intramolecular forces?

The forces between atoms that hold them together to create a molecule

What is wind?

The moving of air particles.

The particles only vibrate

solid

The particles stay bonded and do not move past each other

solid

What is wind?

the moving of air particles

If the temperature decreases, but volume & pressure..., then the # or particles will...

increase

If A goes up then B will go down.

inversely proportional

Pressure and volume

inversely proportional

The particles are in constant contact, but move past each other, bonding and unbonding

liquid

Definite volume

liquid, solid

Matter only exists in this state at very cold temperatures

none

Matter only exists in this state at very hot temperatures

none

Why can't the EXACT temperature of a substance be measured?

To measure the temperature of a substance it must come in contact with another substance. As a result, the second substance will change the temperature of the first while trying to measure it. Whenever we measure something we disrupt it.

Which option best describes a molecule?

Two or more atoms bonded together

Which statement best describes a molecule?

Two or more atoms bonded together

If the pressure decreases, but temperature & the # of particles..., then the volume will...

increase

If the # of particle decreases, but temperature & pressure..., then the volume will...

decrease

If the pressure decreases, but volume & temperature..., then the # or particles will...

decrease

If the pressure decreases, but volume & the # of particles..., then the temperature will...

decrease

If the temperature decreases, but the # of particles & pressure..., then the volume will...

decrease

A ∝ B

directly proportional

If A goes down then B will also go down.

directly proportional

If A goes up then B will also go up.

directly proportional

The particles rarely interact, and when they do it is very brief

gas

The state of matter that contains the fastest traveling particles

gas

The particles travel

gas, liquid

The particles are moving

gas, liquid, solid

Choose all that are true about absolute zero?

1.) Absolute zero is equal to 0 K 2.) It is impossible to reach absolute zero. 3.) It is the point where the substance has no thermal energy (energy that can act as heat). 4.) It is the point of minimal energy and movement. 5.) It gets harder to cause a substance to get closer to absolute zero the closer it gets to absolute zero.

Select the correct substance the Kelvin scale is based off of and the key point(s) used for that substance.

1.) Any substance 2.) 0 K is absolute zero

Choose all that are true about solids.

1.) Definite shape 2.) Definite volume 3.) The particles only vibrate 4.) The particles are moving 5.) The particles stay bonded and do not move past each other

Choose all that are true about liquids.

1.) Definite volume 2.) The particles are in constant contact, but move past each other, bonding and unbonding 3.) The particles are moving 4.) The particles travel

Choose all that are true about liquids.

1.) Definite volume 2.) The particles travel 3.) The particles are moving 4.) The particles are in constant contact, but move past each other, bonding and unbonding

Choose all that are true about Thermal energy and heat?

1.) Heat is the energy that is transferred between objects with differing temperatures. 2.) The energy available within a substance to be transferred to another substance through simple collisions is called thermal energy 3.) When two substances come in contact, the substance with more thermal energy transfers energy in the form of heat to the substance with less thermal energy. 4.) Heat always travels from high temperature to low temperature.

Choose all that are true about absolute zero?

1.) It gets harder to cause a substance to get closer to absolute zero the closer it gets to absolute zero. 2.) It is impossible to reach absolute zero. 3.) Absolute zero is equal to 0 K 4.) It is the point of minimal energy and minimal movement. 5.) It is the point were the substance has no thermal energy (energy that can act as heat).

Select the correct substance the Celsius scale is based off of and the key point(s) used for that substance.

1.) Mercury 2.) Water 3.) 0º C is the freezing point and 100º C is the boiling point.

Choose all that are true about solids

1.) The particles are moving 2.) Definite volume 3.) The particles stay bonded and do not move past each other 4.) Definite shape 5.) The particles only vibrate

Choose all that are true about gases

1.) The state of matter that contains the fastest traveling particles 2.) The particles travel 3.) The particles are moving 4.) The particles rarely interact, and when they do it is very brief

Choose all that are true about gases.

1.) The state of matter that contains the fastest traveling particles 2.) The particles travel 3.) The particles rarely interact, and when they do it is very brief 4.) The particles are moving

Choose all that are true about temperature

1.) The temperature of a substance can be perceived as being hot or cold, depending on the second substance involved. 2.) A higher temperature indicates faster moving particles and a lower temperature indicates slower moving particles. 3.) The temperature of a substance can only be known by how it affects another substance when they are in contact. 4.) When two substances of differing temperatures come in contact, the temperature of both substances will always change. 5.) A substance changes temperature when it comes in contact with another substance that is at a different temperature.

Choose all that are true about temperature

1.) The temperature of a substance can only be known by how it affects another substance when they are in contact. 2.) A higher temperature indicates faster moving particles and a lower temperature indicates slower moving particles. 3.) The temperature of a substance can be perceived as being hot or cold, depending on the second substance involved. 4.) When two substances of differing temperatures come in contact, the temperature of both substances will always change.

What substance did Anders Celsius measure the temperature of to set up his Celsius scale and what is/are the key point(s) of the scale?

1.) Water 2.) 0º C is the freezing point and 100º C is the boiling point of the substance.

Choose all that are true about Thermal energy and heat?

1.) When two substances come in contact, the substance with more thermal energy transfers energy in the form of heat to the substance with less thermal energy. 2.) The energy available within a substance to be transferred to another substance through simple collisions is called thermal energy 3.) Heat always travels from high temperature to low temperature. 4.) Heat is the energy that is transferred between objects with differing temperatures.

Which statement best describes states of matter?

Different forms of matter that have unique characteristics.

Which option best describes states of matter?

Different forms of matter that have unique properties

If B goes down then A will also go down.

Directly Proportional

Pressure and # of particles

Directly Proportional

Pressure and temperature

Directly Proportional

Volume and # of particles

Directly Proportional

Volume and temperature

Directly Proportional

Choose all that are true about how intermolecular forces show up in the different common states of matter.

Intermolecular forces play a larger role in solids than in gases

Choose all that are true about how intermolecular forces show up in the different common states of matter.

Intermolecular forces play a larger roll in solids than in gases

Choose all that are true about how intramolecular forces show up in the different common states of matter.

Intramolecular forces exist in all states and are not substantially affected by the different states.

# of particles and temperature

Inversely Proportional

If B goes up then A will go down.

Inversely Proportional

A ∝ 1/B

Inversely proportional

Identify the force that causes water to go up a straw when you suck on it, and describe the events, at the particle level, that allow that force to be successful.

Lungs expand creating less collisions (low pressure) inside the lungs (partial vacuum).Air particles travel from more collisions (high pressure) in the straw to less collisions (low pressure) in the lungs.The air particles leaving the straw creates an area of less collisions (low pressure) in the straw (partial vacuum).The water experiences more collisions (higher pressure) outside the straw than inside the straw.The water travels from more collisions (high pressure) outside the straw to less collisions (low pressure) inside the straw, and up.The atmospheric pressure outside the straw pushing down on the water is the force that allows "sucking" to happen.

Both variables are in direct contact with each other.

Neither

Definite shape

Solid

Which option best describes energy?

The resource needed to get something do.

Which option best describes an atom?

The smallest unit of matter that contains a unique chemical property

Which statement best describes an atom?

The smallest unit of matter that contains a unique chemical property

What is happening at the particle level when a thermometer is placed in a substance and the mercury is caused to rise? Make sure there are three substances involved in your description.

The thermometer, which has slower moving particles, is placed in a substance with faster moving particles. The faster moving particles collide with the slower moving particles that make up the glass of the thermometer. As a result, the glass particles vibrate quicker, causing the mercury particles to move faster when they collided with the glass particles. The faster moving mercy particles move farther apart and therefore take up more space. This can be observed by seeing the mercury rise in the thermometer.The particles in the original substance will be slowed slightly by the slower moving thermometer glass particles.

Which option best describes why your ears hurt when you go up in an airplane.

When you go up extremely high in an airplane your body experiences less pressure due to less air particles above you. The pressure inside your head is now greater than that outside your head.