Child Endocrine

A pediatric nurse educator provides a teaching session to the nursing staff regarding phenylketonuria. Which statement should the nurse educator include in the session?

"All 50 states require routine screening of all newborn infants for phenylketonuria."

A home care nurse is teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus about insulin administration and rotation sites. Which statement, if made by the adolescent, would indicate effective teaching?

"I need to give 4 to 6 injections in one area, about an inch apart, and then move to another area."

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized child who has hypotonic dehydration. Which serum sodium level would this student expect to observe?

125 mEq/L (125 mmol/L)

The nurse should implement which interventions for a child older than 2 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus who has a blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L)? Select all that apply.

3. Give the child a teaspoon of honey. 6. Prepare to administer glucagon subcutaneously if unconsciousness occurs.

An adolescent with diabetes receives 30 units of Humulin N insulin at 7:00 a.m. The nurse would monitor for a hypoglycemic episode at what time?

Before supper

A child has fluid volume deficit. The nurse performs an assessment and determines that the child is improving and the deficit is resolving if which finding is noted?

Capillary refill is less than 2 seconds.

The home care nurse is visiting a child newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The nurse is instructing the child and parents regarding actions to take if hypoglycemic reactions occur. The nurse should tell the child to take which action?

Carry hard candies whenever leaving home in case a hypoglycemic reaction occurs.

A 6-year-old child with diabetes mellitus and the child's mother come to the health care clinic for a routine examination. The nurse evaluates the data collected during this visit to determine if the child has been euglycemic since the last visit. Which information is the most significant indicator of euglycemia?

Glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c)

A mother brings her 3-week-old infant to a clinic for a phenylketonuria rescreening blood test. The test indicates a serum phenylalanine level of 1 mg/dL (60.5 mcmol/L). The nurse reviews this result and makes which interpretation?

It is negative.

A nurse is caring for an infant with a respiratory infection and is monitoring the infant for signs of dehydration. What is the nurse's best action to determine fluid loss in the infant?

Monitor body weight

The nurse has just administered ibuprofen to a child with a temperature of 102°F (38.8°C). The nurse should also take which action?

Remove excess clothing and blankets from the child.

The nurse is talking to the parents of a child newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the parents indicates an understanding of preventing and managing hyperglycemia?

"I will check for ketones when my child is suffering from an illness."

The clinic nurse is assessing a child for dehydration. the nurse determines that the child is moderately dehydrated if which finding is noted on assessment?

Flat fontanels

A child's fasting blood glucose levels range between 100 and 120 mg/dL (5.7 and 6.9 mmol/L) daily. The before-dinner blood glucose levels are between 120 and 130 mg/dL (6.9 and 7.4 mmol/L), with no reported episodes of hypoglycemia. Mixed insulin is administered before breakfast and before dinner. The nurse should make which interpretation about these findings?

Insulin doses are appropriate for food ingested and activity level.

A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by the mother, who states that the child has been complaining of abdominal pain and has been lethargic. Diabetic ketoacidosis is diagnosed. Anticipating the plan of care, the nurse prepares to administer which type of intravenous (IV) infusion?

Normal saline infusion

The nurse is caring for an infant with gastroenteritis who is being treated for dehydration. The nurse reviews the health record and notes that the health care provider has documented that the infant is mildly dehydrated. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to note in mild dehydration?

Pale skin color

An adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been chosen for the school's cheerleading squad. The adolescent visits the school nurse to obtain information regarding adjustments needed in the treatment plan for diabetes. What should the school nurse instruct the student to do?

Eat six graham crackers or drink a cup of orange juice prior to practice or game time.

The mother of a 6-year-old child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus calls a clinic nurse and tells the nurse that the child has been sick. The mother reports that she checked the child's urine and it was positive for ketones. The nurse should instruct the mother to take which action?

Encourage the child to drink liquids.

An adolescent client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the emergency department for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to note?

Fruity breath odor and decreasing level of consciousness

The nurse provides instructions to the adolescent regarding the administration of insulin. The nurse should include which instruction?

Check the blood glucose before administering insulin.

A health care provider prescribes an intravenous (IV) solution of 5% dextrose and half-normal saline (0.45%) with 40 mEq of potassium chloride for a child with hypotonic dehydration. The nurse performs which priority assessment before administering this IV prescription?

Checks the amount of urine output

The nurse is teaching the parent of a preschool child how to administer the child's insulin injection. The child will be receiving 2 units of Humulin R insulin and 12 units of Humulin N insulin every morning. How should the nurse instruct the parents to prepare the insulin?

Draw the Humulin R insulin first and then the Humulin N insulin into the same syringe.

An adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus is attending a dance in the school gym. The adolescent suddenly becomes flushed and complains of hunger and dizziness. The school nurse, who is present at the dance, takes the child to the nurse's office and performs a blood glucose level test that shows 60 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L). Which is the initial nursing intervention?

Give the child ½ cup (120 ml) of a sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage.

An adolescent is examined in the hospital emergency department after taking an overdose of acetylsalicylic acid. The adolescent has rapid breathing, nausea and vomiting, and lethargy. The health care provider prescribes arterial blood specimens for blood gas analysis to be drawn. Aspirin toxicity is suspected when the blood gas results are reported as which value?

pH 7.29, Pco2 29 mmHg, HCO3 19 mEq/L (19 mmol/L)

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with growth hormone deficiency about preparing synthetic growth hormone and administering it to the child. Which statement, if made by the parents, would indicate an understanding of the procedure?

"We will rotate injection sites."

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized child who is receiving a continuous infusion of intravenous potassium for the treatment of dehydration. Which assessment finding requires the need to notify the health care provider?

A decrease in urine output to 0.5 ml/kg/hr

A school-age child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has soccer practice and the school nurse provides instructions regarding how to prevent hypoglycemia during practice. Which should the school nurse tell the child to do?

Eat a small box of raisins or drink a cup of orange juice before soccer practice.