Chp 16 - The Conquest of the Far West

How did the United States respond to acts of Indians aggression?

By calling upon militias to subdue and destroy Indians

In the 1880s and 1890s, more Anglo-Americans entered the Southwest largely due to the expansion of the region's

Railroads

Which of the following groups established the more permanent economies in areas with mineral strikes?

Ranchers and cattle herders

The awe-inspiring qualities of the western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of the ______________ school.

Rocky Mountain

Railroads encouraged western settlement by

Settling low fares to make the trip West affordable

Initially, Indian resistance to white expansion took the form of

Small-scale raids

Indians were vulnerable to infectious diseases such as the ___________ epidemics that decimated the Pawnee in Nebraska in the 1840s.

Smallpox

How did the Chinese respond to working conditions on the transcontinental railroad?

Some went on strike to combat low pay and terrible conditions

Which country controlled New Mexico and other lands of the Far West prior to control by the Mexican Republic around 1819?

Spain

Which of the following best describes commercial farmers of the late nineteenth-century?

Specialized

Which of the following were major challenges to the cattle industry in the late 1880s?

Spread of farms Competition from other herders Overgrazing and overstocking Harsh weather

Which of the following best describes the significance of completing the transcontinental railroad?

States were inspired to support construction of subsidiary lines.

In the 1870s, many western settlers expanded their landholdings by

Taking advantage of government acts such as the Timber Culture Act.

Why did the transcontinental railroad builders prefer to hire Chinese workers?

The Chinese made few demands

What is the Battle of Little Bighorn significant?

The Indian army united an almost unprecedented number of warriors

Eastern artists like Frederic Remington portrayed the West as

The domain of a new type of aristocrat.

By the mid-1870s, open range land in western Kansas was disappearing due to

The expansion of agriculture in the region

How did U.S. expansion to the southwest affect Spanish-speaking communities in New Mexico?

The ruling classes lost their power

How did the works of Mark Twain romanticize frontier America?

They depicted freedom from social constraints.

How did many western farmers respond to the challenged they faced in the late nineteenth century?

They left their farms and moved back east

Why did most whites engage in the practice of Indian hunting?

They wanted to eliminate a race of people they thought were inhuman

Which of the following best describes western farmers' attempts to cope with water shortages?

constant

Found in the Anaconda mine, which of the following minerals supported the long-term growth of the Montana economy?

copper

Nineteenth-century novels idealized the __________ as a uniquely American hero.

cowboy

Which of the following best describes the Sand Creek Massacre?

A brutal slaughter of mostly Indian women and children

Construction on the Central Pacific rail line was marked by the refusal to give Chinese laborers

Adequate shelter

Hunters and others slaughtered buffalo by the millions

After the Civil War.

In the mid-1880s, the western _____________ economy began a long decline.

Agricultural

By the 1880s, anti-Chinese violence in the united states was more common

Along the pacific coast

Which of the plains Indians tribes joined together in the mid-nineteenth century to form a powerful alliance that ruled the northern plains?

Arapaho Cheyenne Sioux

In the mid-1870s, Joseph H. Glidden and I.L. Ellwood developed and marketed _______ which helped revolutionize fencing worldwide.

Barbed wire

Most nineteenth-century Chinese organizations in America functioned as a type of ______ society

Benevolent

As part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' assimilation policy, Indian children were taken from their families and sent to ___________ run by whites.

Boarding schools

What was the outcome of most efforts to improve Chinese working conditions on the transcontinental railroad?

Efforts failed, and the Chinese returned to work.

Workers in the West had greater _____________ than those in the East

Ethnic diversity

Pacific Coast Indians supported themselves by participating in agriculture as well as

Fishing and foraging

In addition to other benefits, the slaughter of buffalo in huge numbers greatly impacted Indians'

Food sources.

Which of the following characteristics of cowboy life was an invention of nineteenth-century writers?

Freedom from social constraints

Which of the following best describes the work of the Rocky Mountain school painters?

Grandiose

Which of the following were major grievances western farmers had in the late nineteenth century?

High interest rates Inflated rail costs

How did literature express the growing discontent with late-nineteenth-century agrarian life?

By reminiscing about the bygone days of idyllic frontier life

Which of the following best describes the relationship between rail lines and cattle trails?

Cattle trails often ended in towns on major rail lines

In the 1870s and 1880s, prominent Indian leaders of the West included

Chief Joseph Geronimo

Which of the following was a provision of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Chinese immigrants could not become U.S. citizens

In 1858, a rich source of silver was found in Nevada. This discovery took the name of its discoverer and became known as the

Comstock Lode

The systematic placing of Indians on reservations was known as the __________ policy.

Concentration

The Black Hills area of the Dakota Territory experienced an economic boom in 1874 due to the

Discovery of gold in the area

The Bureau of ___________ was established to administer to the Indian reservations.

Indian Affairs

How did the climate of the early 1870s affect westward migration?

Intense rainfall caused many farmers to relocate to the great plains

Which of the following were results of the worldwide overproduction of farm goods that began in the mid- 1880s?

It created economic distress for many American farm families It led to a drop-in prices of most agricultural goods

How did the Homestead Act encourage migration to the West?

It gave settlers land for a small fee in exchange for occupying the land.

In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature

Levied a tax on foreign miners

Ranchers moved cattle substantial distances from ranges to railroad centers in procedures called

Long drives

Why did the Indians' actions at Little Bighorn ultimately fail?

Many of the warriors disbanded and were killed or captured by U.S. troops

Which of the following were reasons that many Chinese entered the laundry business?

Most laundry jobs did not require extensive English skills Laundries did not require much startup money

What was the status of the western United States territories by 1900?

Most of the territories had become states.

1890s Wounded Knee was a

One-sided massacre

Most of the organizations that controlled Chinatowns in the West were

Powerful merchant groups

In mining towns, women who needed money often worked as

Prostitutes Cooks Laundresses Tavernkeepers

The single most important contributor to settlement of the west was

Railroad construction

How did the role of Mexicans change in the late-nineteenth-century New Mexico?

They were forced into low paying labor jobs.

What was the ultimate goal of the Dawes Act?

To assimilate Indians to American culture

Which of the following states was initially denied entry into the union for the religious practices permitted?

Utah

Western agricultural life was defined by _________ shortages.

Water

The dual labor system that developed in the West was characterized by unequal treatment of

White and nonwhite racial groups

In the western economy, _______ workers filled the skilled jobs, while __________ employees occupied the unskilled jobs.

White; nonwhite

Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s?

Whites became jealous of the Chinese who prospered, especially in the gold mines.

As more and more English-speaking immigrants entered California, many Hispanics known as Californios found themselves living in ________ in Los Angeles.

barrios

Some tribes of Plains Indians lived a sedentary life as farmers, but others subsisted on hunting ________, which provided the economic basis for Plains Indians' way of life.

buffalo

According to the Frederick Jackson Turner's Turner thesis, expansion to the West had led to the closing of the ___________.

frontier

In 1849, settlers swarmed to California because of the discovery of ________ in the region.

gold

Which of the following best describes the attack on tribal sovereignty created by the Dawes Act?

gradual

Which of the following most contributed to agrarian malaise?

loneliness

Incidents such as the Sand Creek massacre illustrated the tension between the Cheyenne and Arapaho and the area's

miners

Secular forces in the Mexican government dismantled traditional Hispanic _______ society in California.

mission

Western farmers' main grievances was the high prices that __________ charged for services

railroads

Which of the following best describes the mining boom in the West?

short-lived

After the Civil War, most new settlers to the West came from

the east