Chp 16 - The Conquest of the Far West
How did the United States respond to acts of Indians aggression?
By calling upon militias to subdue and destroy Indians
In the 1880s and 1890s, more Anglo-Americans entered the Southwest largely due to the expansion of the region's
Railroads
Which of the following groups established the more permanent economies in areas with mineral strikes?
Ranchers and cattle herders
The awe-inspiring qualities of the western landscape were commonly depicted by painters of the ______________ school.
Rocky Mountain
Railroads encouraged western settlement by
Settling low fares to make the trip West affordable
Initially, Indian resistance to white expansion took the form of
Small-scale raids
Indians were vulnerable to infectious diseases such as the ___________ epidemics that decimated the Pawnee in Nebraska in the 1840s.
Smallpox
How did the Chinese respond to working conditions on the transcontinental railroad?
Some went on strike to combat low pay and terrible conditions
Which country controlled New Mexico and other lands of the Far West prior to control by the Mexican Republic around 1819?
Spain
Which of the following best describes commercial farmers of the late nineteenth-century?
Specialized
Which of the following were major challenges to the cattle industry in the late 1880s?
Spread of farms Competition from other herders Overgrazing and overstocking Harsh weather
Which of the following best describes the significance of completing the transcontinental railroad?
States were inspired to support construction of subsidiary lines.
In the 1870s, many western settlers expanded their landholdings by
Taking advantage of government acts such as the Timber Culture Act.
Why did the transcontinental railroad builders prefer to hire Chinese workers?
The Chinese made few demands
What is the Battle of Little Bighorn significant?
The Indian army united an almost unprecedented number of warriors
Eastern artists like Frederic Remington portrayed the West as
The domain of a new type of aristocrat.
By the mid-1870s, open range land in western Kansas was disappearing due to
The expansion of agriculture in the region
How did U.S. expansion to the southwest affect Spanish-speaking communities in New Mexico?
The ruling classes lost their power
How did the works of Mark Twain romanticize frontier America?
They depicted freedom from social constraints.
How did many western farmers respond to the challenged they faced in the late nineteenth century?
They left their farms and moved back east
Why did most whites engage in the practice of Indian hunting?
They wanted to eliminate a race of people they thought were inhuman
Which of the following best describes western farmers' attempts to cope with water shortages?
constant
Found in the Anaconda mine, which of the following minerals supported the long-term growth of the Montana economy?
copper
Nineteenth-century novels idealized the __________ as a uniquely American hero.
cowboy
Which of the following best describes the Sand Creek Massacre?
A brutal slaughter of mostly Indian women and children
Construction on the Central Pacific rail line was marked by the refusal to give Chinese laborers
Adequate shelter
Hunters and others slaughtered buffalo by the millions
After the Civil War.
In the mid-1880s, the western _____________ economy began a long decline.
Agricultural
By the 1880s, anti-Chinese violence in the united states was more common
Along the pacific coast
Which of the plains Indians tribes joined together in the mid-nineteenth century to form a powerful alliance that ruled the northern plains?
Arapaho Cheyenne Sioux
In the mid-1870s, Joseph H. Glidden and I.L. Ellwood developed and marketed _______ which helped revolutionize fencing worldwide.
Barbed wire
Most nineteenth-century Chinese organizations in America functioned as a type of ______ society
Benevolent
As part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' assimilation policy, Indian children were taken from their families and sent to ___________ run by whites.
Boarding schools
What was the outcome of most efforts to improve Chinese working conditions on the transcontinental railroad?
Efforts failed, and the Chinese returned to work.
Workers in the West had greater _____________ than those in the East
Ethnic diversity
Pacific Coast Indians supported themselves by participating in agriculture as well as
Fishing and foraging
In addition to other benefits, the slaughter of buffalo in huge numbers greatly impacted Indians'
Food sources.
Which of the following characteristics of cowboy life was an invention of nineteenth-century writers?
Freedom from social constraints
Which of the following best describes the work of the Rocky Mountain school painters?
Grandiose
Which of the following were major grievances western farmers had in the late nineteenth century?
High interest rates Inflated rail costs
How did literature express the growing discontent with late-nineteenth-century agrarian life?
By reminiscing about the bygone days of idyllic frontier life
Which of the following best describes the relationship between rail lines and cattle trails?
Cattle trails often ended in towns on major rail lines
In the 1870s and 1880s, prominent Indian leaders of the West included
Chief Joseph Geronimo
Which of the following was a provision of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Chinese immigrants could not become U.S. citizens
In 1858, a rich source of silver was found in Nevada. This discovery took the name of its discoverer and became known as the
Comstock Lode
The systematic placing of Indians on reservations was known as the __________ policy.
Concentration
The Black Hills area of the Dakota Territory experienced an economic boom in 1874 due to the
Discovery of gold in the area
The Bureau of ___________ was established to administer to the Indian reservations.
Indian Affairs
How did the climate of the early 1870s affect westward migration?
Intense rainfall caused many farmers to relocate to the great plains
Which of the following were results of the worldwide overproduction of farm goods that began in the mid- 1880s?
It created economic distress for many American farm families It led to a drop-in prices of most agricultural goods
How did the Homestead Act encourage migration to the West?
It gave settlers land for a small fee in exchange for occupying the land.
In 1852, to exclude the Chinese from mining, the California legislature
Levied a tax on foreign miners
Ranchers moved cattle substantial distances from ranges to railroad centers in procedures called
Long drives
Why did the Indians' actions at Little Bighorn ultimately fail?
Many of the warriors disbanded and were killed or captured by U.S. troops
Which of the following were reasons that many Chinese entered the laundry business?
Most laundry jobs did not require extensive English skills Laundries did not require much startup money
What was the status of the western United States territories by 1900?
Most of the territories had become states.
1890s Wounded Knee was a
One-sided massacre
Most of the organizations that controlled Chinatowns in the West were
Powerful merchant groups
In mining towns, women who needed money often worked as
Prostitutes Cooks Laundresses Tavernkeepers
The single most important contributor to settlement of the west was
Railroad construction
How did the role of Mexicans change in the late-nineteenth-century New Mexico?
They were forced into low paying labor jobs.
What was the ultimate goal of the Dawes Act?
To assimilate Indians to American culture
Which of the following states was initially denied entry into the union for the religious practices permitted?
Utah
Western agricultural life was defined by _________ shortages.
Water
The dual labor system that developed in the West was characterized by unequal treatment of
White and nonwhite racial groups
In the western economy, _______ workers filled the skilled jobs, while __________ employees occupied the unskilled jobs.
White; nonwhite
Why did white opinion of Chinese immigrants change during the 1850s?
Whites became jealous of the Chinese who prospered, especially in the gold mines.
As more and more English-speaking immigrants entered California, many Hispanics known as Californios found themselves living in ________ in Los Angeles.
barrios
Some tribes of Plains Indians lived a sedentary life as farmers, but others subsisted on hunting ________, which provided the economic basis for Plains Indians' way of life.
buffalo
According to the Frederick Jackson Turner's Turner thesis, expansion to the West had led to the closing of the ___________.
frontier
In 1849, settlers swarmed to California because of the discovery of ________ in the region.
gold
Which of the following best describes the attack on tribal sovereignty created by the Dawes Act?
gradual
Which of the following most contributed to agrarian malaise?
loneliness
Incidents such as the Sand Creek massacre illustrated the tension between the Cheyenne and Arapaho and the area's
miners
Secular forces in the Mexican government dismantled traditional Hispanic _______ society in California.
mission
Western farmers' main grievances was the high prices that __________ charged for services
railroads
Which of the following best describes the mining boom in the West?
short-lived
After the Civil War, most new settlers to the West came from
the east
