chp 3 quiz
_____ of neurons occurs because the brain must process a wide variety of types of information
Specialization
Monozygotic twins share _____% of their genes
100
Which brain area(s) is/are involved in the production of language
Broca's area
_____ consist of strands of DNA wound around each other.
Chromosomes
Which statement about heritability is FALSE
Heritability is not dependent on the environment
Which statement is FALSE
Heritability tells us which treatments will and won't work for particular people
How does cardiovascular exercise affect brain structure
It promotes neuron growth and increased synaptic connections in the hippocampus
_____ affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, influencing the systems that help humans to perceive visual images
Methamphetamine
The specialization of neurons by location is exemplified by _____, which connect the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and spinal cord
Purkinje cells
_____, which are found in the cerebral cortex, have a single, long dendrite and several smaller dendrites
Pyramidal neurons
When the face or arm of an amputee is stimulated, what happens?
The person reports feeling a phantom limb.
The forebrain in humans differs from other vertebrate species in that humans have
a highly developed cerebral cortex with multiple areas serving broad functions
The _____ stimulates the release of neurotransmitters, allowing neurons to communicate with each other.
action potential
What is referred to as an "all or none" event?
action potential
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) directly measures the:
activity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood
Cocaine, which prevents the reuptake of dopamine and thus results in more dopamine in the synapse, would be classified as a(n):
agonist
The myelin sheath of an axon
allows for the faster transmission of signals
As part of the limbic system, the _____ attaches significance to previously neutral events that are associated with fear, punishment, or reward
amygdala
The _____ areas of the brain allow information to be connected to meaning, with neurons in the region being more adaptable to change
association
Unlike the _____ nervous system, people have voluntary control over the _____ nervous system.
autonomic; somatic
After damage to the spinal cord, the amount of function that is lost is:
based on the location of the damage
The _____ is the part of the neuron that keeps the cell alive
cell body
The three basic parts of a neuron include the:
cell body, axon, and dendrites
Compared with vertebrates, invertebrates lack a hierarchical organization of their
central nervous system
Which function is NOT one that can be performed by a neuron in the human body?
change the chemical structure of hormones in the endocrine system
Neurons are not connected physically and communicate _____ with each other at the _____.
chemically; synapse
Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as PET and fMRI, allow researchers to _____ brain activity in certain areas with particular behaviors
correlate
The pancreas is to _____ as the adrenals are to _____.
digestion; stress
Dan is running a marathon, and after 15 miles he doesn't think he can take another step. Just as he is about to give up, the pain suddenly subsides. He feels renewed and motivated to run the rest of the race. Dan has MOST likely just experienced a larger release of:
endorphins
The _____ lobe is responsible for movement, abstract thinking, and planning.
frontal
The first neurons appeared in
invertebrates.
The _____ is made by _____ and helps to insulate the axon
myelin sheath; glial cells`
The _____ system is the first major bodily system to take form in an embryo
nervous
Chemicals that pass information across the tiny gap between neurons are called:
neurotransmitters
The part of a neuron that is stimulated by a neurotransmitter into initiating or preventing a new electrical signal is called a(n):
receptor
The typical sequence of events for neuronal activity is
resting potential, action potential, refractory period
The homunculus shown in the book illustrates how much of the _____ cortex is devoted to each area of the body
somatosensory
A stroke or other damage in the _____ lobes can lead to deficits in hearing and language
temporal
The synapse is a small gap between neurons where information from:
the axon of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron
The central nervous system is comprised of:
the brain and the spinal cord.
Which part of the brain forms FIRST in prenatal development
the hindbrain
What structure sends signals to the pituitary gland
the hypothalamus
This area serves as a bridge from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
the pons
Information that is received on the left side of the body is processed in _____ of the brain.
the right hemisphere
Sylvia begins to run a temperature and her heart races. Which endocrine gland may be creating these problems for her?
the thyroid