chp 3 quiz

_____ of neurons occurs because the brain must process a wide variety of types of information

Specialization

Monozygotic twins share _____% of their genes

100

Which brain area(s) is/are involved in the production of language

Broca's area

_____ consist of strands of DNA wound around each other.

Chromosomes

Which statement about heritability is FALSE

Heritability is not dependent on the environment

Which statement is FALSE

Heritability tells us which treatments will and won't work for particular people

How does cardiovascular exercise affect brain structure

It promotes neuron growth and increased synaptic connections in the hippocampus

_____ affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, influencing the systems that help humans to perceive visual images

Methamphetamine

The specialization of neurons by location is exemplified by _____, which connect the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and spinal cord

Purkinje cells

_____, which are found in the cerebral cortex, have a single, long dendrite and several smaller dendrites

Pyramidal neurons

When the face or arm of an amputee is stimulated, what happens?

The person reports feeling a phantom limb.

The forebrain in humans differs from other vertebrate species in that humans have

a highly developed cerebral cortex with multiple areas serving broad functions

The _____ stimulates the release of neurotransmitters, allowing neurons to communicate with each other.

action potential

What is referred to as an "all or none" event?

action potential

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) directly measures the:

activity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood

Cocaine, which prevents the reuptake of dopamine and thus results in more dopamine in the synapse, would be classified as a(n):

agonist

The myelin sheath of an axon

allows for the faster transmission of signals

As part of the limbic system, the _____ attaches significance to previously neutral events that are associated with fear, punishment, or reward

amygdala

The _____ areas of the brain allow information to be connected to meaning, with neurons in the region being more adaptable to change

association

Unlike the _____ nervous system, people have voluntary control over the _____ nervous system.

autonomic; somatic

After damage to the spinal cord, the amount of function that is lost is:

based on the location of the damage

The _____ is the part of the neuron that keeps the cell alive

cell body

The three basic parts of a neuron include the:

cell body, axon, and dendrites

Compared with vertebrates, invertebrates lack a hierarchical organization of their

central nervous system

Which function is NOT one that can be performed by a neuron in the human body?

change the chemical structure of hormones in the endocrine system

Neurons are not connected physically and communicate _____ with each other at the _____.

chemically; synapse

Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as PET and fMRI, allow researchers to _____ brain activity in certain areas with particular behaviors

correlate

The pancreas is to _____ as the adrenals are to _____.

digestion; stress

Dan is running a marathon, and after 15 miles he doesn't think he can take another step. Just as he is about to give up, the pain suddenly subsides. He feels renewed and motivated to run the rest of the race. Dan has MOST likely just experienced a larger release of:

endorphins

The _____ lobe is responsible for movement, abstract thinking, and planning.

frontal

The first neurons appeared in

invertebrates.

The _____ is made by _____ and helps to insulate the axon

myelin sheath; glial cells`

The _____ system is the first major bodily system to take form in an embryo

nervous

Chemicals that pass information across the tiny gap between neurons are called:

neurotransmitters

The part of a neuron that is stimulated by a neurotransmitter into initiating or preventing a new electrical signal is called a(n):

receptor

The typical sequence of events for neuronal activity is

resting potential, action potential, refractory period

The homunculus shown in the book illustrates how much of the _____ cortex is devoted to each area of the body

somatosensory

A stroke or other damage in the _____ lobes can lead to deficits in hearing and language

temporal

The synapse is a small gap between neurons where information from:

the axon of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron

The central nervous system is comprised of:

the brain and the spinal cord.

Which part of the brain forms FIRST in prenatal development

the hindbrain

What structure sends signals to the pituitary gland

the hypothalamus

This area serves as a bridge from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

the pons

Information that is received on the left side of the body is processed in _____ of the brain.

the right hemisphere

Sylvia begins to run a temperature and her heart races. Which endocrine gland may be creating these problems for her?

the thyroid