chp 30 Practice Questions
C
1. Although instincts are not common to humans, which of these can be considered an innate tendency for human infants? A. grabbing a bottle B. learning a language C. rooting and sucking D. being potty trained
D
10. According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, which is the correct sequence of events when a car drives directly toward a group and they experience emotion? A. see an oncoming car; heart pounds; experience fear B. see an oncoming car; heart pounds and, at the same time, fear is experienced C. see an oncoming car; experience fear D. see an oncoming car; heart pounds and, at the same time, the arousal is cognitively labeled; experience fear
C
11. In order to determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's: A) divergent thinking. B) emotional intelligence. C) mental age. D) intrinsic motivation.
C
11. _____ conceded that people's brains process and react to vast amounts of information without their conscious awareness. A. Walter Bradford Cannon B. Carroll Izard C. Richard Lazarus D. Robert Zajonc
D
12. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system: A. increases salivation and increases blood pressure. B. decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure. C. increases salivation and decreases blood pressure. D. decreases salivation and increases blood pressure.
A
12. Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is: A) 4. B) 4.5. C) 5. D) 80.
B
13. A person who is prone to depression has increased activity in his: A. left frontal lobe. B. right frontal lobe. C. amygdala. D. left hemisphere.
A
14. Nina was almost hit by a bus. However, she is okay and her parasympathetic system is responding accordingly. It is: A. slowing her heart rate and activating her digestion. B. slowing her heart rate and inhibiting her digestion. C. slowing her heart rate and increasing the secretion of stress hormones. D. actually responsible for calming Nina.
A
15. _____ suggested that people can stimulate the subjective experience of cheerfulness simply by acting as if they are already cheerful. A. William James B. Judith Hall C. Stanley Schachter D. Richard Lazarus
B
16. According to the text, emotionality is truer of women, a perception expressed by nearly 100 percent of _____ Americans. A. 49- to 59-year-old B. 18- to 29-year-old C. 29- to 39-year-old D. 39- to 49-year-old
A
17. Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three performance subtests of the: A) WAIS. B) SAT. C) Stanford-Binet. D) Emotional Intelligence Test.
A
17. Vicky thinks two of her friends are highly compatible, so she is trying to get them together. Which action might help to get them interested in each other? A. Have them gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes. B. Have them look at each other's hands for a couple of minutes. C. Have them look at each other's feet for a couple of minutes. D. Have them hold hands for a couple of minutes.
A
19. When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a mathematical achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of: A) standardization. B) predictive validity. C) reliability. D) content validity.
C
2. Few human behaviors are rigidly patterned enough to qualify as: A. needs. B. drives. C. instincts. D. incentives.
B
2. Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence. A) intrapersonal B) creative C) spatial D) musical
C
20. If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of: A) standardization. B) predictive validity. C) reliability. D) content validity.
C
22. A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity. A) low; low B) low; high C) high; low D) high; high
A
23. A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of: A) validity. B) standardization. C) reliability. D) the g factor.
B
26. Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students. A) elementary school B) high school C) college D) graduate school
C
29. Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a mentally retarded child. It is most likely that their child: A) is a female rather than a male. B) is unusually creative. C) was born with an extra chromosome. D) will have difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent adult life.
B
3. An instinct is a complex behavior that has a _____ throughout a species and is _____. A. rigid pattern; learned B. fixed pattern; unlearned C. set point; unlearned D. difference threshold; learned
B
3. Spearman's g factor refers to: A) the genetic contribution to intelligence. B) a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks. C) a highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise retarded person. D) the ability to understand and regulate emotions.
D
31. Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity? A) Japanese children have higher average intelligence scores than do American children. B) Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings. C) The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with the intelligence scores of their parents. D) Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together.
C
34. Motivation is defined by psychologists as: A) an impulse to accomplish something of significance. B) rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of all people. C) a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. D) the cause of behavior.
A
37. For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce: A) a drive. B) an instinct. C) the set point. D) basal metabolic rate.
C
4. A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its _____ center of the arcuate nucleus is destroyed. A. appetite-suppressing B. hunger-dampening C. appetite-enhancing D. appetite-reducing
C
41. On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets. This practice best illustrates the use of: A) set points. B) homeostasis. C) incentives. D) refractory periods.
A
43. Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electric shocks? A) arousal theory B) hierarchy of needs theory C) instinct theory D) drive-reduction theory
B
45. According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________. A) love; food B) adequate clothing; self-esteem C) self-actualization; friendship D) political freedom; economic security
B
48. In a series of studies, research participants were informed that personality test results indicated they were the type likely to end up alone later in life. As a result, they became ________ likely to underperform on aptitude tests and ________ likely to become aggressive toward someone who had insulted them. A) more; less B) less; more C) more; more D) less; less
D
49. Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of: A) set point. B) homeostasis. C) refractory period. D) achievement motivation.
C
5. Destruction of the appetite-suppressing center of the arcuate nucleus causes an animal to _____. A. starve B. eat lesser than usual C. overeat D. lose interest in food
B
50. People who are high in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks; people who are low in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks. A) very difficult; very easy B) moderately difficult; very easy or very difficult C) very easy or moderately difficult; very difficult D) very difficult or very easy; moderately difficult
A
54. The James-Lange theory of emotion states that: A) to experience emotion is to be aware of one's physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event. B) the expression of emotion reduces one's level of physiological arousal. C) an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological arousal and the subjective experience of emotion. D) to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and able to cognitively label the emotion.
D
56. The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to the: A) James-Lange theory. B) relative deprivation principle. C) two-factor theory. D) Cannon-Bard theory.
C
58. According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused. A) before; before B) before; after C) after; at the same time as D) at the same time as; after
C
6. A 5-year-old child is very wary of trying a new lamb stew. He is also not that excited about trying frog legs. This avoidance of unfamiliar foods: A. is uncommon in rats. B. is uncommon in humans. C. was adaptive for our human ancestors by protecting them from toxic substances. D. was not adaptive for our human ancestors because they became bored eating the same foods.
A
61. The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory. A) cognitive activity B) subjective well-being C) physiological arousal D) catharsis
B
63. A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of the: A) adaptation-level phenomenon. B) two-factor theory. C) James-Lange theory. D) catharsis hypothesis.
B
65. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system: A) increases respiration and increases salivation. B) increases respiration and decreases salivation. C) decreases respiration and decreases salivation. D) decreases respiration and increases salivation.
A
66. People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of: A) anger. B) surprise. C) happiness. D) boredom.
C
68. Men and women students watched film clips that were sad, happy, or frightening. Measures taken during their viewing of films showed that the genders differed the most in their: A) self-reported emotions. B) changes in heart rate. C) facial expressions of emotion. D) changes in respiration.
A
7. The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of: A) emotional intelligence. B) heritability. C) savant syndrome. D) divergent thinking.
B
7. Tina's best friend is applying to graduate school, but only at the best schools in the country. He has always had a great desire for attaining a high standard and significant accomplishment. According to Henry Murray, he could be classified as someone with: A. a personality disorder. B. high achievement motivation. C. flow. D. task leadership
A
70. The fact that people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner best illustrates the impact of: A) human genetic similarities. B) the adaptation-level phenomenon. C) the catharsis hypothesis. D) the spillover effect.
C
72. People experience a mood shift when they switch from taking short shuffling steps to taking long strides and swinging their arms by their sides. This best illustrates: A) the adaptation-level phenomenon. B) the spillover effect. C) the behavior feedback phenomenon. D) the feel-good, do good phenomenon.
C
73. The term catharsis refers to emotional: A) disturbance. B) inhibition. C) release. D) adaptation.
D
76. Subjective well-being among university and college students is ________ with the extent to which love is valued and ________ with the extent to which money is valued. A) positively correlated; positively correlated B) positively correlated; uncorrelated C) uncorrelated; positively correlated D) positively correlated; negatively correlated
D
8. Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of: A) convergent thinking. B) the g factor. C) mental age. D) emotional intelligence.
C
8. Assessing the impact of different management styles on the motivation and productivity of employees illustrates the professional concerns of _____ psychologists. A. personnel B. clinical C. organizational D. human factors
C
9. Evidence that emotion follows physiological arousal would be most consistent with the _____. Evidence that emotion follows the placement of a cognitive label on physiological arousal would be most consistent with the _____. A. relative deprivation principle; adaptation-level principle B. adaptation-level principle; relative deprivation principle C. James-Lange theory; two-factor theory D. two-factor theory; James-Lange theory
D
For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as: A) mental age multiplied by 100. B) chronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100. C) chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100. D) mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.
B
Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called: A) needs. B) incentives. C) set points. D) drives.
