Chp. 7 Work

Amari is a teenager who works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Amari is most likely to increase in which of the following? a. aggression b. positive mood c. self-control d. cooperation with her parents

a. aggression

Javier has the choice of several after-school activities. Statistically, he is the most likely to choose a. athletics. b. science. c. music. d. a job.

a. athletics.

Ruben works over 20 hours a week during the school year and Marianne does not work at all. Ruben, compared to Marianne, is more likely to a. drop out of school. b. know how to manage his money better. c. abstain from drug and alcohol use. d. become more socially responsible.

a. drop out of school.

The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs a. has decreased during the last 30 years. b. has increased during the last 30 years. c. dropped dramatically during the 1970s. d. increased dramatically during the first decade of the twenty-first century.

a. has decreased during the last 30 years.

Today's teenagers spend the most hours a. on leisure activities. b. with family members. c. on schoolwork. d. working.

a. on leisure activities.

Research investigating media "effects" on adolescent development has a hard time ruling out the possibility of spurious causation, which means that a. the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor. b. there is no statistically significant relation. c. the second thing is actually causing the first thing (not the reverse). d. two things can go hand in hand.

a. the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor.

What is a scientifically valid concern regarding adolescents' media use? a. Adolescents who frequently use the Internet experience detrimental effects on their mental health. b. The amount of time adolescents spend watching TV and playing video games is inversely linked to the amount of time they spend in physical activity. c. Adolescents who use the Internet for socializing are at a high risk of being the victim of unwanted sexual attention. d. The increased time spent on the Internet has had a negative effect on adolescents' social development and relationships.

b. The amount of time adolescents spend watching TV and playing video games is inversely linked to the amount of time they spend in physical activity.

Which of the following is a common message that the media conveys about sex? a. Sex is appropriate in a loving, respectful relationship. b. Women are sex objects. c. Unprotected sex can have serious consequences. d. Sex is a defining aspect of femininity.

b. Women are sex objects.

Adolescents tend to report their least positive moods when they are a. with friends. b. alone. c. working. d. with their family.

b. alone.

Adolescents are more likely to be home unsupervised if they a. come from a poor family. b. are White. c. live in rural areas. d. live far from their school.

b. are White.

Many studies find that rates of smoking, drinking, and drug use are higher among teenage workers than nonworkers, especially among students who a. are involved in many extracurricular activities. b. choose to work long hours. c. make less money than their peers. d. also participate in athletics.

b. choose to work long hours.

Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the idea that media shape adolescents' interests, motives, and beliefs about the world? a. routine activity theory b. cultivation theory c. uses and gratifications approach d. media practice model

b. cultivation theory

Helena is a fourteen-year-old who uses social media very frequently. She is very concerned about her popularity and spends a lot of time thinking about her online relationships. Helena is relatively likely to a. have her online friendships displace her in-person friendships. b. exhibit a high level of fear of missing out. c. engage in sexting. d. develop social anxiety.

b. exhibit a high level of fear of missing out.

Older students are more likely to hold ________ jobs than are younger students. a. informal b. formal c. child care d. agricultural

b. formal

Lisa is a high-school student who earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on a. family necessities. b. leisure activities. c. college expenses. d. household expenses.

b. leisure activities.

An important limitation of studies of youth in self-care is that a. parents rarely agree to allow their teenagers to participate in research studies. b. there are important differences between the possible after-school arrangements for adolescents in this group. c. self-care youths are prone to dropping out of research studies. d. self-care youths are a difficult sample to recruit.

b. there are important differences between the possible after-school arrangements for adolescents in this group.

Which of the following groups is most likely to be involved in extracurricular activities? a. students from larger schools b. youth who earn better grades c. youth from more urban communities d. youth from poorer families

b. youth who earn better grades

What percentage of American adolescents have sent a photo featuring naked breasts, genitals, or buttocks to a peer? a. between 40% and 50% b. 20% c. 5% d. more than 75%

c. 5%

Seventeen-year-old Chloe has an Internet addition. Which of the following symptoms is an example of "salience" as it pertains to Internet addiction? a. Chloe is happiest when her social media posts receive a lot of positive attention. She gets upset when people pay little attention to her online or when she gets negative feedback on her posts. b. Although Chloe checks her social media accounts often throughout the day, she feels lately that she needs more time online. She starts staying up late an hour later each night to be online longer. c. Chloe values her time on social media more highly than her other activities. She checks her smartphone throughout the school-day and is constantly online at home. She spends more time on social media than on homework or with friends. d. One Saturday, Chloe's mother takes away her phone, and Chloe is inconsolable. She spends most of the day sleeping and watching television. She tells her mother than she feels depressed and anxious when she cannot be online.

c. Chloe values her time on social media more highly than her other activities. She checks her smartphone throughout the school-day and is constantly online at home. She spends more time on social media than on homework or with friends.

Which adolescent is most likely to form a close online relationship with a stranger? a. Momoko, who keeps in touch with her friends mainly through social media b. Ayanna, who spends the majority of her free time on her computer or smartphone c. Jeannette, who fights with her parents frequently and has high levels of anxiety d. Arthur, who frequently watches online pornography

c. Jeannette, who fights with her parents frequently and has high levels of anxiety

Which of the following adolescents is showing signs of compulsive Internet use (CIU) or Internet addiction? a. Immanuel loves being online. He spends a few hours each day on his computer updating his social media, playing online games, and watching videos. He and his friends often watch online videos together when they hang out. b. Violeta's father thinks she spends too much time online. He takes her smartphone away when she is home and limits her computer time to one hour. Although Violeta is annoyed by these restrictions, she enjoys spending more time on hobbies and socializing. c. Mawar looks at her smartphone constantly. She is happiest when her posts get a lot of "likes" and depressed when she cannot be online. Mawar's mother is upset by this behavior and feels that Mawar only pays attention to her phone, not her family. d. Oliver feels that his mood is worse when he spends too much time on social media. As a result, he mostly ignores his Facebook feed and rarely posts on Twitter. However, he frequently uses messaging applications to keep in touch with his friends.

c. Mawar looks at her smartphone constantly. She is happiest when her posts get a lot of "likes" and depressed when she cannot be online. Mawar's mother is upset by this behavior and feels that Mawar only pays attention to her phone, not her family.

Overall, what is social media's impact on teenagers? a. The impact of social media on teenagers is positive overall. b. Social media has an overall negative impact on teenagers. c. The impact of social media on teenagers depends on several different factors. d. Social media positively influences mental health but negatively influences physical health.

c. The impact of social media on teenagers depends on several different factors.

According to the textbook, in general, how does employment affect adolescent development? a. Working interferes with other activities, such as school. b. Working promotes the development of undesirable behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use. c. The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on the nature of the job. d. Working helps adolescents develop a sense of responsibility and prepares them for the transition to adulthood.

c. The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on the nature of the job.

Which of the following statements accurately describes how social media affects adolescents' moods? a. Frequent messaging with close friends can lead to feelings of depression. b. Adolescents who care little about popularity are likely to experience fear of missing out (FOMO). c. When adolescents find support, they feel better; when they get negative feedback, they feel worse. d. When adolescents get feedback on social media, their moods are usually worse.

c. When adolescents find support, they feel better; when they get negative feedback, they feel worse.

In the Five Cs model of positive youth development, what does competence mean? a. respect for societal and cultural rules b. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy c. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas d. positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

c. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas

Research indicates that, for an adolescent, spending unsupervised time after school with friends is most problematic when the a. friends frequently lie to their parents. b. adolescent is in a romantic relationship. c. adolescent is easily susceptible to peer pressure. d. adolescent is involved in a structured activity.

c. adolescent is easily susceptible to peer pressure.

One tremendous problem in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development is that a. adolescents are very secretive about their media use. b. media is difficult to define. c. it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect. d. the type of media that adolescents use changes rapidly.

c. it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.

Which of the following is an example of new media? a. television b. movies c. online videos d. recorded music

c. online videos

Neville comes from a working-class family that lives in a run-down neighborhood in a major city. Lately, his parents have been urging him to join his school's soccer team. They are most likely motivated to do this a. in the hopes that it will help Neville get into a good college. b. because of their own strong connections to the school athletic program. c. out of a desire to keep Neville out of trouble after school. d. because they want Neville to have a better relationship with his teachers.

c. out of a desire to keep Neville out of trouble after school.

In the Five Cs model of positive youth development, what does character mean? a. positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges b. a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas c. respect for societal and cultural rules d. an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy

c. respect for societal and cultural rules

Parker, a senior in high school, is looking for a job. What type of job is he most likely to end up with? a. fast-food worker b. pizza delivery driver c. stock clerk in a retail store d. babysitter

c. stock clerk in a retail store

While adolescents are estimated to use media for 9 hours a day, it is likely this is an understatement because a. adolescents are often not fully aware of how much they are using media. b. adolescents are known to frequently lie to investigators about their media use. c. these estimates do not account for media multitasking. d. smartphone usage is usually not included in these estimates.

c. these estimates do not account for media multitasking.

Which of the following examples of sexting would be most likely to lead to police action? a. Delilah, a 15-year-old, sends a nude photo of herself to her 17-year-old girlfriend, Carrie. b. Kaito, a 13-year-old, sends a nude picture of himself to his friend Veronica, a 14-year-old. c. After being dumped by Marie, his 16-year-old girlfriend, Rodrigo, who is also 16, sends a nude photo of her to his high-school friends. d. At the request of her 21-year-old friend, Dave, 16-year-old Greta sends him a nude photo of herself.

d. At the request of her 21-year-old friend, Dave, 16-year-old Greta sends him a nude photo of herself.

Which set of research findings was used in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants (2010), which was a case that debated whether banning the sale of violent video games to minors was unconstitutional? a. Careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games indeed makes adolescents more aggressive. b. There is a causal relation between playing violent video games and being arrested for an assault. c. Putting labels on games to alert adolescents and their parents to violent content effectively restricts the sale of violent games. d. Careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games does not make adolescents more aggressive.

d. Careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games does not make adolescents more aggressive.

Which of the following is recommended for parents who leave their adolescents in self-care after school? a. Allow their adolescent free, unstructured time after school. b. Encourage their adolescent to have friends come over for study sessions. c. Have their adolescent spend time out in public, rather than at home. d. Have their adolescent check in with an adult as soon as he or she gets home.

d. Have their adolescent check in with an adult as soon as he or she gets home.

Who is more likely to hold a part-time job during high school? a. Hope, a Japanese adolescent b. Ha-joon, a Korean adolescent c. Gino, an Italian adolescent d. Selena, an American adolescent

d. Selena, an American adolescent

Which of the following statements about extracurricular participation is true? a. Extracurricular overscheduling of youth creates pressures that compromise adolescents' mental health. b. Though popular activities are likely to remain popular during all four years of high school, the specific participants who choose to become involved in these activities is likely to undergo frequent changes. c. Students who are uninvolved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to become highly involved by the end of high school. d. Students who are highly involved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to stay highly involved throughout high school.

d. Students who are highly involved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to stay highly involved throughout high school.

The combination of high levels of both concentration and interest at the same time is called a. a structured leisure activity. b. extracurricular activities. c. relaxation and rejuvenation. d. a flow experience.

d. a flow experience.

Which of the following characteristics of the retail and service industries contributed to the rise in adolescent employment during the second half of the 20th century? a. the reluctance to hire adults b. the unpredictability of these industries c. the high turnover rate preferred by these employers d. an abundance of low-wage positions

d. an abundance of low-wage positions

What kind of job is an eighth grader most likely to have? a. fast-food worker b. store clerk or salesperson c. a farm or agricultural job d. babysitting

d. babysitting

Adolescents who work more than 20 hours weekly are less likely than their peers to a. drop out of high school. b. be disengaged from school. c. be absent from school. d. participate in extracurricular activities.

d. participate in extracurricular activities.

The highest levels of media use are reported by a. White adolescents. b. older adolescents. c. male teenagers. d. teenagers from low-income families.

d. teenagers from low-income families.

Drawing on research that shows that certain extracurricular activities benefit adolescents and research showing the potential dangers of leaving adolescents unsupervised after school, some experts have argued that well-designed programs will not only deter problem behavior but also encourage youth to develop strengths. This emphasis on developing strengths is known as

positive youth development