CHPT 18 SOCI Quiz

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by:

Human immunodeficiency virus.

The __________ theory emphasizes the political, economic, and social forces that affect health and the health care delivery system.

conflict

Throughout its history in the United States, medical care has been on a:

fee-for-service basis.

Canada has a _____ system, which is a health care system in which all citizens receive medical services paid for by tax revenues.

universal health care

Maternal deaths in lower-income nations are _____ times higher than for those in higher-income countries.

-15 -2 -5

Many low-income nations have astounding infant mortality rates. For example in Afghanistan, _____ infants under one year of age die per 1,000 births.

-150 -111 -121

To make medicine in the United States more scientific, the __________ commissioned an official study of medical education.

-American Psychiatric Association -Carnegie Foundation -Rockefeller Foundation

All of the following are effects of fee-for-service medicine EXCEPT that it:

-has resulted in equality of distribution of its services. -is available for those who can afford it. -has resulted in inequality of distribution of its services.

The number of new HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infections worldwide in 2011 is about _____ million people.

2.5

An estimated _____ million Americans have some level of disability.

56.7

_____ is a progressive development of scar tissue that chokes off blood vessels in the liver and destroys liver cells by interfering with their use of oxygen.

Alcoholic cirrhosis

The most widely accepted classification of mental disorders is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is published by the:

American Psychiatric Association (APA).

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the difference in life expectancy and infant mortality rates in low-income countries as compared to high-income countries?

Ample qualified physicians and health care facilities

_____ refers to the process whereby a problem ceases to be defined as an illness or a disorder.

Demedicalization

_____ refers to an impairment that substantially limits one or more major activities that a person would normally do at a given stage of life and that may result in stigmatization or discrimination against that person.

Disability

_____ include biological agents such as insects, bacteria, and viruses that carry or cause disease.

Disease agents

Regarding the transmission of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which of the following is FALSE?

HIV can be transmitted through casual contact, such as shaking hands.

__________ is the term for any activity intended to improve health.

Health care

The type of medicine that takes an active approach to health, promoting a healthy lifestyle and self-image along with treating illness and disease, is known as:

Holistic medicine.

_____ is a nationwide public health insurance program that is a jointly funded by federal-state-local monies.

Medicaid

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a(n):

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Critics of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) charge that some HMOs:

Whose primary-care physicians are paid on a capitation basis in effect encourage doctors to undertreat patients.

Social analyst Thomas Szasz argued that mental illness is _____.

a myth

People who use cocaine over extended period of time have:

all of the these health problems.

Older people are more likely to have __________ diseases.

chronic

According to many __________ theorists, problems in U.S. health care delivery are rooted in the capitalist economy, which views medicine as a commodity that is produced and sold by the medical-industrial complex.

conflict

Among the issues of concern to __________ theorists are the ability of all people to obtain health care; how race, class, and gender inequalities affect health and health care; power relationships between doctors and other health care workers; the dominance of the medical model of health care; and the role of profit in the health care system.

conflict

Examples of _____ include the removal of certain behaviors (such as homosexuality) from the list of mental disorders compiled by the American Psychiatric Association and the deinstitutionalization of mental health patients.

demedicalization

In a third-party fee-for-service approach of health care, patients:

have an incentive to limit their visits to doctors and hospitals.

With professionalization, __________ gained control over the entire medical establishment.

licensed medical doctors

If all forms of alternative medicine (including chiropractic, massage, and spiritual) are taken into account, people spend _____ money on unconventional therapies than they do for all hospitalizations.

more

A major health care reform bill was signed into law in 2010. One of the central tenets in the law was the creation of a:

new insurance marketplace.

After the Communist Party won control of mainland China in 1949, the government attempted to educate their large public regarding health care and to provide for the treatment of illness and disease. The country adopted a policy to create a large number of _____, who had little formal training and worked under the supervision of trained physicians.

physician extenders

Individuals who attempted to educate the large population in urban areas of China about health and health care, and also provided treatment of illness and disease, were referred to as:

street doctors

Almost all people with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) live in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in _____.

sub-Saharan Africa

According to _____ , we socially construct "health" and "illness" and how both should be treated. For example, some people explain disease by blaming it on those who are ill. If we attribute cancer to the acts of a person, we can assume that we will be immune to that disease if we do not engage in the same behavior.

symbolic interactionists

According to _____, people with a disability experience role ambiguity because many people equate disability with deviance.

symbolic interactionists

Until recently __________ was/were the only high-income nations without some form of universal health coverage for all citizens.

the United States

In the 1960s and 1970s, the number of cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increased rapidly with the introduction of _____.

the birth contril pill

As a dependency-producing psychoactive drug, __________ is more addictive than __________.

tobacco (nicotine); heroin