christian denominations
Mennonites
-(a kind of anabaptist) -Followers of dutch priest Menno Simomons emphasizing a largely otherworldly and non-violent path
Amish
-(a kind of anabaptist) -prefer traditional modes of dress and conduct -farm with draft animals and simple tools, resisting more modern machinery as part of the moral temptation and corruption of the secular world.
Baptists
-Baptism of mature believers, as opposed to infants -People should choose their religion rather than be born into it -Largest American Protestant denomination, partly through successful appeal to the Black population
Puritanism
-Calvinist theology: human sinfulness, divine predestination -Living up to being chosen by God (strict & smug)
Holiness Churches
-Charismatic: feeling/experiencing the holiness -"holy rollers" -"speaking in tongues" glossolalia -Speaking ecstatically in an exotic prayer language not previously known -Prompted by the Holy Spirit -Has become more and more popular over the previous century
Congregationalists
-Each congregation has the ultimate authority to determine its affairs -Only God is the higher power -Yale University
Jehovah's Witness
-Forecasts of the end of the world and the return of Christ -Door-to-door missionary activity -Reject the doctrine of the Trinity -Reject the authority of secular states
Calvinist
-Founded by John _____ (1509-1564), Swiss -Humans are utterly powerless to achieve salvation (dependent on grace) -God predestines every person to salvation or damnation
Mormons (Church of J.C. Latter Day Saints)
-Founded by Joseph Smith, who had a vision of God and also translated the Book of Mormon -Focuses on Jesus: post-crucifixion -Baptism of the dead -Polygamy (adopted in 1852, dropped in 1890) -Sexual morality, family values -Strict abstinence from stimulants (tea/coffee/alcohol/tobacco) -2 years required missionary service of young adults
Quakers
-George Fox (1624-1691), Englishman -Peace not found in institutions, but in "inner light" of the living Christ in each individual -"Society of Friends" -No fixed ritual, sit silently until moved to speak 100,000 worldwide
Revivalism
-Group phenomenon -Many people at one time developing an intense feeling of blessing or spiritual perfection -Movement altered American Protestantism -methodists and baptists branched from this movement
Methodists
-John Wesley (1703-1791), Englishman -Originally part of the greater Church of England -Methodical approach to study of the Bible and church attendance -Famous for evangelizing to Native Americans and being anti-slavery
Anglican (Episcopalian)
-King Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy (1534) -Church of England
Christian Science
-Mary Baker Eddy (1821-1910) -Spiritual healing as the central concern -Optimism and wishful thinking -Refuse medical treatment for themselves and their children -Christian Science Monitor
Unitarians
-Minimal creedal demands -Left-wing theological break with other Protestant denominations -"Not a sect, but a community of free minds"
Pentecostalism
-Recall the Pentecost of the early Church -Speaking in tongues -Success in Latin America, Africa -Fastest growing segment of Christianity today
Lutheran
-Retain the Eucharist (like the mass), but celebrate it in the vernacular rather than Latin -Retain the Priesthood, but permit clergy to marry -State Church in Germany and Scandinavia
Anabaptists
-big focus on adult baptisms rather than infant baptism -antidisestablishment, underground movement in europe -lay preachers vs. trained clergy
Unitarian Universalist
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United Church of Christ
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Reformed Churches
book says its the same thing as calvinist idk...
Glossolalia
speaking in tongues