Christian Humanism & Protestant reformation review

treason act

Act passed by the Parliament of England in 1534, during the reign of King Henry VIII. made the king the "Only Head of the Church of England on Earth made it treason, punishable by death, to disavow the Act of Supremacy

act of supremacy

Act that broke off from roman church Declared henry (or king/queen) ruler of the land and ruler of the church

Bloody Mary

Daughter of Henry became queen after her brother died wanted to go back to Catholicism married to catholic spanish king Killed many protestants England became more protestant after she died

Amish

USA- modern day version of Anabaptist. It branched off into many different sections.

Katherine von Bora

Wife of Martin Luther Was a nun She was popular because it showed that priests didn't have to be celibate

Christian Humanism

a movement that developed in northern Europe during the renaissance combining classical learning with the goal of reforming the catholic church

puritans

no drinking no drama/theatre no dancing mayflower people

Anabaptist appeal to social classes

peasants, artisans, laborers- felt excluded from importance in society, they had social and economic dissatisfaction

catholic religious practices

processions, feast days of saints, carnival

Anabaptist Church

radical reform movement no magisterial reform voluntary association advocated adult baptism Church v State Radical because they didn't believe in baptism at birth Radicals because they had literal interpretation Munster NO VIOLENCE Jesus is the center of faith, community is the center of life reconciliation center of work.

evangelical

relating to or being a Christian church believing in personal conversion and the inerrancy of the Bible especially the 4 Gospels

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

summoned Luther to Imperial Diet of Worms to put punishment in effect, opposed Luther's doctrine and didnt want Lutheranism to spread, sent armies against protestants

Why anabaptists were radical

threat to established church, threat to governments; refused military service

attack on Rome in 1527

was a military event carried out by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, then part of the Papal States. Charles took the pope hostage

Peasants War of 1524

was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe, 1524-1525. It failed because of the intense opposition of the aristocracy At first the peasants were rampaging the towns, but then the aristocracy took all means necessary to stop the revolt-killing

Thomas Cromwell

was an English lawyer and statesman who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540. was one of the strongest advocates of the English Reformation

Diet of Worms

was an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire held in Worms, Germany addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation. declared him a heretic

95 theses

written by Martin Luther in 1517 and is widely regarded as the initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation.

Thomas Cromwell

(1485-1540) Became King Henry VII's close advisor following Cardinal Wolsey's dismissal. He and his contemporary THomas Cranmer convinced the king to break from Rome and made the Church of England increasingly more Protestant.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

Thomas Cranmer

Appointed as archbishop of the new church by King Henry, he annulled the king's previous marriage and in 1533 Henry and Anne Boleyn successfully married.

predestination/chosen ones

Calvin believed that God had chosen people to save and others to be damned, but you wouldn't know you had to take the test

institutes of the christian religion

Calvins book about protestant theology an introductory textbook on the Protestant faith for those with some previous knowledge of theology and covered a broad range of theological topics from the doctrines of church and sacraments to justification by faith alone and Christian liberty.

annulment

Catholic church absolves the marriage- and erases all signs of marriage This says the marriage never happened Only through the church.

Reasons for abolishing catholic traits/rituals

Corrupt wasn't focusing enough on God people needed to be more religious

Church of England

Created after the break from rome King was the head of the church protestant

Desiderius Erasmus

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe although his criticisms of the Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther. he wrote The Praise of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin(1466-1536)

Thomas More

English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded

Zwingli Church

Evangelical reforms needed a judge relics/images/painting were not aloud mass was replaced by scripture readings and prayer no music no monks or pilgrimages no celebrating saints no Papal authority

Characteristics of a Calvinist haven and expectations

Geneva city council allowed new church constitutions had a body for enforcing moral discipline city council that dealt with punishments center of Protestantism missionaries trained here

Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII mistress during the time of the English Reformation, she gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen of England. One of the reasons Henry VIII wanted to get his marriage to Catherine annulled is so that he could marry her.

Defender of Faith

Henry the 8th- very devout

Catherine of Aragon

Henry's first wife Couldn't produce a male heir Divorced her and married Anne

Henry VIII

King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.

Menno Simmons

Leader of Anabaptist Former catholic priest

Martin Luther

Leader of Lutheran Church- excommunicated by Rome- was kidnapped so he wouldn't be killed- married a women

Closing of English Monasteries

Made Henry very rich- sold lang and belongings to nobles and wealthy merchants Economically hurt the people that lived by themf

Calvin Test

Making an open profession of the faith Having a decent and godly life participating in the 2 sacraments

Haven city of Anabaptists

Munster

pacifism

Non resistance to respond to violence- always seeking to overcome conflict in nonviolent ways separation from worldly corruption separation of church and state

Lutheran education

Opened up schools for all people opened schools for girls read the bible and learned morals not about intellectual development needed good Christians pastors and state officials

Menno Simons

Pacifist leader of the Anabaptists who continued the movement in northwestern Europe, followers known as Mennonites

Lutheran women

Priests didn't have to remain celibate. They could have wives or sexual encounters

Calvinism

Protestant sect Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state. believed in faith aline to achieve salvation absolute sovereignty of god predistination Keep 2 sacraments: baptism and communion

crush the peasant swine

Queen marry said this about the peasants that wanted to be protestant

anapatists

Radical reformation; Christianity was voluntary Don't just become christian at birth a spiritual rebirth

political implications of cutting ties with Rome

Rome had no authority over England Henry (monarch) had all power over politics and religion Acts were formed to start removing Papal authority

Lutheran Church

Saxony, worms, germany- salvation through faith alone

John Calvin

The Frenchman was influenced by Luther and converted religions and became a highly influential Protestant leader. His

Parliament acts during Edwards reign

They basically controlled the thrown, because he was incompetent of doing it sacrament act acts of uniformity

Lent and Carnival

celebrations of the catholic church, not in the new reformed religions

why Calvinism spread

his publications spread his ideas of a "correctly" reformed church to many parts of Europe. became the theological system of the majority in Scotland

protestant religious practices

individual prayer family worship collective prayer